Elisabeth of Bosnia

Queen Elizabeth and her daughter mourn at the sarcophagus of Ludwig I, historical painting by Sándor Liezen-Mayer (1864)

Elisabeth of Bosnia ( Bosnian Elizabeta / Jelisaveta Kotromanić , Hungarian Kotromanić Erzsébet , Polish Elżbieta Bośniaczka ; * 1340 ; † January 16, 1387 ) was queen of Hungary and Croatia 1353-1382 and Poland 1370-1382, as well as regent by marriage to Ludwig I from Hungary-Croatia from 1382 and Poland from 1382–1384. She was born as the daughter of Stjepan II. Kotromanić , Ban of Bosnia from the Kotromanić dynasty , and his wife Elizabeth of Kujawien , daughter of Duke Casimir von Kujawien zu Gniewkowo , which made her a great niece of the Polish King Władysław I. Ellenlang .

Life

Since the young Hungarian King Ludwig I of Anjou was widowed - his first wife Margarethe von Luxemburg died childless at the age of 14 - his mother Elisabeth of Poland wanted to forge a new marriage for him. His second wife Elisabeth, who was hostage to Ludwig's mother at the Hungarian court, was raised there for three years.

After the wedding on May 27, 1353 she became queen of Hungary and from 1370 also of Poland. It was only after the marriage that Pope Innocent IV was asked for dispensation for this connection, because Elisabeth and Ludwig were closely related to each other. The great-great-grandfather Elisabeth of Bosnia, Duke Casimir I of Kujawien (1211-1267) was also the great-grandfather of Ludwig (and father of his grandfather from the Piast dynasty - Władysław I. Ellenlangs).

family

The couple had three daughters:

Katharina von Anjou (1370-1378) died as a small child, in 1374 engaged to Louis of France (* 1372; † 1407)
Maria (1371–1395), Queen of Hungary ∞ Sigismund of Luxembourg
Hedwig (1373-1399), Queen of Poland

Maria was married to Sigismund of Luxembourg, the later German Emperor and a member of the Bohemian nobility, and the younger Hedwig should have been married to Wilhelm , Duke of Austria, Carinthia and Styria. The elder daughter should first inherit both her father's thrones, Hungary and Poland. However, since Sigismund, who had lived in Cracow since 1381, was expelled from the country by the Poles and the Polish nobles were extremely dissatisfied with the personal union that had existed since 1370, Hedwig, who was only nine years old, was elected Queen of Poland. In 1386 she was married to the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila . Thus two legally equal and married rulers shared power over Poland-Lithuania. To make this connection possible, Jogaila was baptized and the Lithuanian heartland, which had remained pagan, was Christianized.

Maria, on the other hand, became queen in Hungary after the death of her father in 1382, but her mother Elisabeth was installed as regent for the ruler who was still underage. She was supported by the Hungarian palatine Garai Miklós .

Sigismund, his brother Wenceslaus IV , King of Bohemia, and some Hungarian nobles were hostile to Elisabeth and the Palatine. Some nobles supported the Neapolitan king Karl von Durazzo and helped him to power for a short time in 1385. Queen Elisabeth and Garai had Karl murdered in 1386. Charles's son Ladislaus of Naples wanted to recapture the Hungarian throne, but lacked support from the nobility. Elisabeth and Maria were captured by the powerful Horvat brothers in 1386. Elisabeth was murdered in January 1387 and her body was thrown into a river or she died in captivity.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d Jacob Christof Iselin, Johannes Buxtorf, Jakob Christoph Beck: Newly increased historical and geographical general lexicon…. J. Brandmüller, 1742, p. 262. ( books.google.de )
↑ Ulrike Hohensee, Mathias Lawo, Michael Lindner, Michael Menzel, Olaf B. Rader: The Golden Bull. Politics - Perception - Reception. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-05-008623-1 , p. 642. ( books.google.de )
↑ Samuel Klein: Handbook of the history of Ungern and its constitution. Georg Wigand, 1833, p. 230. ( books.google.de )
^ Andreas Rüther : Region and Identity. Silesia and the Empire in the Late Middle Ages. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2010, ISBN 978-3-412-20612-3 , p. 147. ( books.google.de )

predecessor	Office	successor
Margaret of Luxembourg	Queen of Hungary 1353–1382	Margaret of Durazzo
Hedwig of Sagan	Queen of Poland 1370–1382	Anna from Cilli

personal data
SURNAME	Elisabeth of Bosnia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Elisabeth Kotromanić
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Queen of Hungary and Poland, and Regent of Hungary
DATE OF BIRTH	1340
DATE OF DEATH	January 16, 1387

[Lexicon-1] A ^b ^c ^d Jacob Christof Iselin, Johannes Buxtorf, Jakob Christoph Beck: Newly increased historical and geographical general lexicon…. J. Brandmüller, 1742, p. 262. ( books.google.de )

[2] Ulrike Hohensee, Mathias Lawo, Michael Lindner, Michael Menzel, Olaf B. Rader: The Golden Bull. Politics - Perception - Reception. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-05-008623-1 , p. 642. ( books.google.de )

[3] Samuel Klein: Handbook of the history of Ungern and its constitution. Georg Wigand, 1833, p. 230. ( books.google.de )

[4] Andreas Rüther : Region and Identity. Silesia and the Empire in the Late Middle Ages. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2010, ISBN 978-3-412-20612-3 , p. 147. ( books.google.de )