Palatine Hill (Hungary)

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The office of the Palatine ( Latin comes palatii, comes palatinus , later: palatinus (regni) ; Hungarian nádorispán / nádor ; Slovak nádvorný župan / nádvorný špán , later: palatín / nádvorník , Croatian palatin or dvorjanik ) was during the entire existence of Hungary (from the 10th century to 1918) the highest office in the kingdom.

The corresponding office was most likely taken over in the 10th or 11th century, following the example of Great Moravia . Originally, the palatine was the administrator of the royal court, from the end of the 12th century he was the king's representative, especially as the chief judge (especially in the country). From the end of the 14th century he was also a royal governor. In the Middle Ages, the Palatine was appointed for a time (proposed by the king, approved by the state parliament ), from 1526 for life. In the 16th to 18th centuries he was also chairman of the state parliament. From 1848 the function was only symbolic in nature.

List of palatine

(still very incomplete)

Rule of the Arpads

The Árpáden were the first ruling family of Hungary, whose members ruled the country as kings from 1001 to 1301.

  • Sámuel Aba (before 1041)
  • Heidrich from the Héder family (1162–1164)
  • Heinrich II from the family of the Lords of Güns (around 1260)
  • Amadeus Aba (1288-1289, 1290-1291, 1293, 1295-1296, 1297-1298, 1299-1301)

Rule of the Angevin

The (older) house of Anjou was a branch of the Capetian family . It descends from Karl Stephan of France (* 1226, † 1285).

Phase of alternating royal houses

Surname Hungarian name gender from to Ruler of Hungary Remarks
Stephan Lacković Lackfi István Lacković 1387 1392 Maria I.
Leustachius Jolsvai Jolsvai Leusták Jolsvai 1392 1397 Maria I .; Charles II , Sigismund
Detre Bebek Bebek Detre Bebek 1397 1402 Sigismund
Nicholas Garai Garai Miklós Garai 1402 1433 Sigismund
Matthew Pálóczy Pálóczy Máté Pálóczy 1435 1437 Sigismund
Lorenz Hédervári Hédervári Lőrinc Hédervári 1437 1447 Albert ; Vladislaus I.
Ladislaus Garai Garai László Garai 1447 1458 Ladislaus V.
Michael Országh Guthi Országh Mihály Országh 1458 1484 Matthias I.
Emmerich Zápolya Szapolyai Imre Zápolya 1486 1487 Matthias I.
Stephan Zápolya Szapolyai István Zápolya 1492 1499 Ladislaus II.
Peter Geréb Geréb Péter Geréb 1500 1503 Ladislaus II.
Emmerich Perényi Perényi Imre Perényi 1504 1519 Ladislaus II ; Ludwig II.
Stephan Báthory Báthori István Báthory 1519 1523 Ludwig II.
Stephan Báthory Báthori István Báthory 1524 1525 Ludwig II.
Stephan Werbőczy Werbőczy István Werbőczy 1525 1526 Ludwig II.
Stephan Báthory Báthori István Báthory 1526 1530 Johann Zápolya ; Counter-king Ferdinand I.

Turkish wars and division

Ludwig II died in 1526 in the battle of Mohács . After a subsequent civil war (1527–1538) between the Habsburgs and Johann Zápolya as well as the conquest of Buda by the Turks (1541), the Kingdom of Hungary lost part of its territory to the Ottoman Empire (see Sultans of the Ottoman Empire ) and another to the Principality of Transylvania under Ottoman sovereignty (see Princes of Transylvania ). The rest of the kingdom became part of the Habsburg Empire under the name "Royal Hungary". It was not until 1691, then definitely in the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 and 1718, that the Kingdom of Hungary was reunited under Habsburg suzerainty.

Surname Hungarian name gender from to Ruler of Hungary Remarks
Johann Bánffy Bánffy Janos Banffy 1530 1533 Johann Zápolya ; Counter-king Ferdinand I.
no palatine 1533 1554 Johann Zápolya until 1540, Johann Sigismund Zápolya ; Counter-king Ferdinand I.
Thomas III Nádasdy Nádasdy III. Tamás Nádasdy 1554 1562
no palatine 1562 1608
Stephan Illéshazy Illésházy István Illésházy 1608 1609
Georg Thurzo Thurzó György Thurzó 1609 1616
Sigmund Forgách Forgách Zsigmond Forgách 1618 1621
Stanislaus Thurzó Thurzó Szaniszló Thurzó 1622 1625
Nikolaus Esterházy Esterházy Miklós Esterházy 1625 1645
Johann Drašković Draskovits János Drašković 1646 1648
Paul Pálffy Pálffy Pál Pálffy 1649 1653
Franz Wesselényi Wesselényi Ferenc Wesselényi 1655 1667
no palatine 1668 1681

Reunified Hungary in the Habsburg monarchy

Surname Hungarian name gender from to Ruler of Hungary Remarks
Paul Esterházy Esterházy Pál Esterházy 1681 1713 Leopold I until 1705, Joseph I until 1711, Karl III.
Nikolaus Pálffy Pálffy Miklós Pálffy 1714 1732 Charles III
no palatine 1732 1741 Charles III until 1740, Maria Theresia
Johann Pálffy Pálffy János Pálffy 1741 1751 Maria Theresa
Ludwig Batthyány Batthyány Lajos Batthyány 1751 1765 Maria Theresa
no palatine 1765 1790 Maria Theresa until 1780, Joseph II.
Alexander Leopold Sándor Lipót főherceg Habsburg-Lorraine 1790 1795 Leopold II until 1792, Franz I.
Joseph Anton Johann József Antal főherceg
(József nádor) 		Habsburg-Lorraine 1796 1847 Franz I until 1835, Ferdinand V.
Stefan Franz Viktor István Ferenc főherceg
(István nádor) 		Habsburg-Lorraine 1847 1848 Ferdinand V , Franz Joseph I. resigned the office of the Palatins in 1848, after which it was no longer exercised.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paperback for patriotic history Volume 1, page 61 ff.
  2. ^ Aeiou Austria Lexicon, accessed on June 27, 2012
  3. ↑ www.kuk-wehrmacht.de Johann Bernhard Stephan Pálffy ( Memento of the original from September 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed June 28, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kuk-wehrmacht.de
  4. ↑ Batthyány 18th century Accessed June 26, 2012