Johann Pálffy (Palatine Hill)

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Count Johann Pálffy

Johann Bernhard Stephan Graf Pálffy von Erdöd , ( Hungarian: Pálffy V. János Bernard István ; born August 20, 1664 in Rothenstein ; † March 24, 1751 in Pressburg ) was Imperial Field Marshal from 1709 and Palatine of Hungary from 1741 .

origin

The Pálffy s were among the Hungarian nobility . The Hungarian barony was granted to them in 1581. From 1599 they became Imperial Counts of the HRR .

Johann Pálffy's parents were Miklós IV Pálffy (* August 12, 1619; † August 12, 1679) and his wife, Countess Maria Eleonora von Harrach zu Rohrau (* 1634; † December 1, 1693). His brother Miklós V was also an Austrian field marshal (* May 1, 1657, † February 20, 1732).

Live and act

At the end of 1681 he served in the Neuberg infantry regiment as a volunteer, in the same year he moved to the cuirassier regiment of his cousin Johann Karl Pálffy with the rank of cornet . With this regiment he took part in the Battle of Kahlenberg in 1683 and then fought at Parkány . In 1684 he became Rittmeister , took part in the storming of Pest and the failed siege of Oven , in 1685 under Count Aeneas Caprara in the storming of Neuhäusel . In the battle of Mount Harsány on August 12, 1687, he distinguished himself in particular, whereupon the Commander-in-Chief Charles V of Lorraine appointed him his adjutant general.

On October 4, 1687, Johann married Countess Theresia Czobor, whose father Adam was a well-known hussar general and had commanded the (irregular) Banderia hussar regiment from 1685. When Emperor Leopold I decided to found the first regular hussar regiments in 1688, Count Czobor received the patent to found two regiments. He kept one himself, the other he trusted his son-in-law Johann Pálffy, who shortly thereafter also received the corresponding owner patent from the emperor. (It was the later Kuk hussar regiment "Graf Nádasdy" No. 9. )

In 1695 his regiment was on the Rhine, where Johann was seriously wounded in a battle with the French under the later Marshal Villars near Mainz. In the years that followed he stayed on the Rhine and proved himself during the siege of Philippsburg , where he lured a large unit of French into an ambush and destroyed them. In 1689 it was moved to Hungary to take part in the siege of Timisoara . At Becskerek , Johann and his regiment were attacked by a Turkish overwhelming force, suffered great losses and it was only thanks to the help that had come to that it was not completely wiped out.

After the Peace of Karlowitz was signed, Johann became the owner of the Gondola cuirassier regiment . He remained its owner until his death. In the same year Johann was appointed chair judge in Hungary and promoted to field marshal lieutenant. In 1704 he was promoted to Banus of Croatia and General of the Cavalry (GdC).

During the last great Hungarian aristocratic uprising under Franz II Rákóczi , Johann proved himself not only as a capable military leader, but also as a diplomat. Johann Pálffy obtained an amnesty for the rebellious nobles from the emperor, after which the Peace of Szatmár (Eng. Sathmar) was signed on April 30, 1711 .

In 1716 Johann was called up and served under Prince Eugene of Savoy in the Venetian-Austrian Turkish War .

Emperor Charles VI . had no male offspring. So he tried to secure the throne for his daughter Maria Theresa while he was still alive . Once again, Johann's good contacts with the nobility of the Kingdom of Hungary and his diplomatic skills proved their worth. As Banus of Croatia he achieved the recognition of the pragmatic sanction by the Croatian estates, then in 1722 by the estates of Hungary. During this time, Johann finally gained the trust of Emperor Karl VI. In 1724 the emperor appointed him his governor in Hungary, in 1731 he was hereditary castle captain of Pressburg (Bratislava) and in the following year he was hereditary chief appointee of the Bratislava county.

When the monarchy on the side of Russia entered into the Russo-Austrian Turkish War with the Ottoman Empire in 1736 , Johann received the supreme command of the 30,000-man expeditionary corps that gathered at Futak in Hungary. However, for various reasons this corps was not deployed.

When Charles VI. saw his end approaching, he called Johann Pálffy to him and recommended the heiress of his states, Maria Theresa, to his protection. This year Johann received the highest order of the Habsburgs - the Golden Fleece .

In 1741 Johann was elected Palatine of Hungary.

His special importance for Maria Theresa is shown in the accompanying letter, in addition to the gifts sent (her own riding horse, a golden sword set with diamonds and a diamond ring):

..My father Pálffy! I am sending you this horse, which is only worthy to be mounted by the most ardent of my subjects. At the same time receive this sword to protect me against my enemies, and accept this ring as a mark of my affection towards you ...

family

He married Countess Teréz Czobor de Czoborszentmihály on October 4, 1687 (* May 1, 1669 - † October 3, 1733). The couple had several children:

  • Mária Anna Franziska, († 1756) ⚭ 1711 Count Franticek Karel Přehořovský z Kvasejovic (* 1645 - † November 6, 1723)
  • Mária Szidónia (April 1, 1690 - January 3, 1743) ⚭ 1710 Count Ferenc Esterházy de Galántha (September 19, 1683 - October 22, 1754)
  • János VII Antal (February 2, 1696 - August 16, 1717), fallen in favor of Belgrade ⚭ 1717 Countess Anna Eleonóra Esterházy de Galántha (April 3, 1696 - September 6, 1749)
  • Károly III Pál Engelbert (October 28, 1697 - September 14, 1774)
⚭ Vienna November 23, 1718 Countess Maria Margaretha von Stubenberg († December 10, 1724)
⚭ March 1, 1734 Countess Josepha von Proskau († August 1, 1748)
⚭ Vienna October 12, 1749 Countess Elisabeth Josephine von Starhemberg (* October 12, 1725; † June 27, 1778)
  • Miklós VI, (October 24, 1699 - January 29, 1734), fallen in favor of Parma ⚭ 1726 Countess Josepha von Schlick (October 24, 1708 - March 3, 1761)
  • Mária Anna Terézia Erzsébet (born November 9, 1701)
  • Mária Anna Erzsébet Terézia Emerencia (* 1708; † 1740) ⚭ 1727 Count Lipót Draskovich de Trakostján († January 16, 1759)
  • Eleonóra Magdolna (born October 8, 1710)

After the death of his first wife, he married Countess Maria Julia von Stubenberg on August 28, 1741 († April 20, 1756). This marriage was without children.

reception

Through the imperial resolution of Franz Joseph I on February 28, 1863, Johann Palffy was added to the list of the "most famous warlords and generals of Austria worthy of perpetual emulation" , in their honor and memory there was also a life-size statue in the general hall of the then new The Imperial and Royal Court Weapons Museum (today: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien ) was built. The statue was created in 1869 from Carrara marble by the sculptor Johann Preleuthner and was dedicated by the Pallfy family.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Pálffy (Palatine Hill)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.kuk-wehrmacht.de Johann Pálffy ( Memento of the original from September 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed June 30, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kuk-wehrmacht.de
  2. ↑ Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck : The Army History Museum Vienna. The museum and its representative rooms . Kiesel Verlag, Salzburg 1981, ISBN 3-7023-0113-5 , p. 33 f.
predecessor Office successor
Nikolaus Pálffy von Erdöd
(1733–1740 the office remained vacant)		 Palatine of Hungary
1741–1751 		Ludwig Batthyány
personal data
SURNAME Pálffy, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pálffy, Johann Bernhard Stephan; Pálffy, János Bernard István (Hungarian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION imperial field marshal, Croatian ban and Hungarian palatine
DATE OF BIRTH August 20, 1664
PLACE OF BIRTH Rothenstein
DATE OF DEATH March 24, 1751
Place of death Pressburg