Zrenjanin
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Зрењанин Zrenjanin Nagybecskerek Becicherecul Mare |
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 Freedom Square with the Town Hall and the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. John Nepomuk in the city center of Zrenjanin |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : | Serbia | ||||
| Province : | Vojvodina | ||||
| Okrug : |
Srednji Banat |
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| Coordinates : | 45 ° 23 ' N , 20 ° 23' E | ||||
| Height : | 80 m. i. J. | ||||
| Area : | 230 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 75,743 (2011) | ||||
| Agglomeration : | 122,714 (2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 329 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+381) 023 | ||||
| Postal code : | 23000 | ||||
| License plate : | ZR | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type: | city | ||||
| Structure : | 14 districts | ||||
| Mayor : | Čedomir Janjić ( SNS ) | ||||
| Postal address : | Trg slobode 10 23000 Zrenjanin |
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| Website : | |||||
| Others | |||||
| Patron saint : | Johannes Nepomuk | ||||
| City Festival : | Assumption Day | ||||
Zrenjanin [ zrɛ̌ɲanin ] ( Serbian - Cyrillic Зрењанин , Hungarian Nagybecskerek , German Großbetschkerek , Romanian Becicherecul Mare ) is a city in the Serbian autonomous province of Vojvodina . With around 76,000 inhabitants, Zrenjanin is the fourth largest city in Vojvodina and the sixth largest in Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the Opština has 122,714 inhabitants. The city is the administrative seat of the Central Banat District ( Srednji Banat ).
geography
Zrenjanin is located at the 45th parallel , the transition from the subtropical to the temperate zone , 80 meters above the Adriatic Sea in the flat Pannonian Plain . The community is shaken , albeit rarely, by light, rather harmless earthquakes .
The capital Belgrade is around 75 kilometers southeast of the city. About 50 kilometers to the west is Novi Sad , the largest city in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, and to the east is the nearest border crossing to the European Union via Romania .
The city flows through the Bega (Serbian Begej) from a north-easterly direction to the south-west , which flows into the Tisza not far from the city at Knićanin . Lake Belo jezero is located south of Zrenjanin .
The nature reserve Stari Begej-Carska Bara ( German Alte Bega - Tsar Pond ) is listed in the " Ramsar Convention for the Conservation of Wetlands " and is the largest wetland biotope in Serbia with 17.67 km².
climate
Zrenjanin has a temperate continental climate with the four seasons common for Europe , with an average of 79 frost and 34 tropical days and an annual mean temperature of 11.5 ° C. The highest temperature ever measured was recorded on July 24, 2007 with 42.9 ° C, the lowest with -30.4 ° C on January 24, 1963. On average, the sun shines 2101 hours a year, with a minimum of 1.9 hours in December and 9.4 in July. The amount of precipitation reached its maximum in July at 88.8 mm / m². The annual average rains on 143 days with 583.1 mm / m².
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Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Zrenjanin 1981–2010
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Districts
Zrenjanin is divided into 20 districts and 14 electoral districts (Serbian: Mesne Zajednice). The village Mužlja , founded in 1888, forms the largest district in terms of area with around 6000 hectares and was incorporated as the 14th constituency in 1981. Bagljaš , located in the western end, is the most populous part of Zrenjanin with its characteristic high-rise buildings and over 20,000 inhabitants. It was founded after the Second World War as an urbanization measure and is designed as a “city within a city” .
Places of the community
There are 23 other electoral districts in 21 locations in the city's territory. The most populous is Melenci with 5956 inhabitants and the smallest place with 495 inhabitants is Lukino Selo . The place Lukićevo is named after Veljko Lukić Kurjak , a partisan fighter from the Second World War and folk hero of Yugoslavia .
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history
name of the city
The place is mentioned for the first time in a papal bull dated July 10, 1326 under the name Becskerek . At that time it belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary . Under the Habsburgs it was named Großbetschkerek , Veliki Bečkerek in Serbian and Nagybecskerek in Hungarian . The origin of the old name Becskerek has not yet been clarified. Some ethnologists want to derive the name from the Pechenegs . Others point to a word assembly from the Hungarian term for forest (Kerek) and the surname of the Hungarian nobleman Imre Becsei, who had larger estates in the Banat around 1311 , including the villages of Bečkerek and Novi Bečej. The name should therefore mean "Besceis Forest" .
Until 1935 the city was called Veliki Bečkerek. In the same year she was named in honor of the Yugoslav King Peter I renamed Petrovgrad . From 1941 to 1944 the city was again called Großbetschkerek or Veliki Bečkerek in Serbian. It was given its current name Zrenjanin in 1946 after Žarko Zrenjanin , a partisan fighter and folk hero of Yugoslavia in World War II .
With the collapse of communist Yugoslavia in 1991, several cities in Serbia that were named after Yugoslav communists after the Second World War got their old names back. A referendum on the name of the city was organized in Zrenjanin in 1992. All three historical names were available, the majority decided to keep Zrenjanin.
Prehistory
In early relief maps , the central Banat is recorded as a swampy area in which life seemed almost impossible. It has long been said that settlement only began in the Middle Ages. The latest archaeological finds in the city and its catchment area, however, show that people have settled in the area since prehistory . Archaeologists from the Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments Zrenjanin , found at 192 archaeological sites , including 40 in the metropolitan area, including finds from the Neolithic Starčevo culture (around 6000 v. Chr.) And dwellings, tools, weapons and pottery from the Vinca culture (up approx. 4500-3300 BC). With the excavation site near Perlez, references to the Baden culture (approx. 3400–2200 BC) were found.
Early history and the Middle Ages
Only a few finds are known from the Roman Empire, which, as is assumed, stem from trade routes or acts of war.
In addition to Celtic and Illyrian traces, references to the stay of the Thracians were found. Necklaces made of glass paste, amber and chalcedony from the 4th and 3rd centuries BC found in graves BC, could be assigned to the Sarmatian Roxolans , an Iranian equestrian people. Most of the finds that go back to the time of the Great Migration in the 4th century are assigned to the Goths and Gepids . In the vicinity of the town, near Ečka, Attila the Huns built a tent camp in the early 5th century during a campaign against the Roman Empire .
Avar remains from the last years of the 6th and the first decade of the 7th century were excavated in a necropolis with around 120 graves . Iron swords and arrowheads as well as copper and silver jewelry were found as grave goods . With the decline of the Avar culture through the wars of conquest of Charlemagne , the Slavs settled in the area in the 11th century, followed by the Magyars about a hundred years later. Shortly afterwards, the Kingdom of Hungary takes over sovereignty over the area. The foundation of today's city is dated around 1300. Mainly Hungarian serfs live on the three Bega islands .
In the first written mentions of Zrenjanin, respectively Becskereks, from 1326, 1331 and 1332, the residents of the place are required to receive the papal church tithe through the Buda Cathedral . From the amount of the payment it can be concluded that Zrenjanin was a medium-sized village. During the reign of Louis the Great from 1342 to 1382, more and more Serbs from Raszien settled in the area of today's city.
After the Hungarian crusaders were defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Nikopolis in 1396 , with the considerable support of the Serbian Prince Stefan Lazarević , King Sigismund feared for political stability in his Serb-populated areas. It is believed that his stay in Zrenjanin on September 30, 1398 was related to a possible defense of the city or the southern border of his empire. When the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the Mongols in the Battle of Ankara on July 10, 1402 and the empire of Sultan Bayezids I threatened to plunge into chaos, the Serbian despot recognized Stefan Lazarević, who had previously been a vassal of the Ottomans and provided them with arms performed, in 1403 the sovereignty of the Hungarian king and received as a vassal of the Hungarian crown, among other things, the Torontál county with Becskerek as a fief .
When King Ludwig II and a considerable part of the elite had died in the Battle of Mohács , the Kingdom of Hungary was on the verge of collapse. The situation exploiting, agreed that until Dato completely unknown, Jovan Nenad the Tsar of the Serbs and the Emperor of Byzantium . He supported Ferdinand I's claims to the Hungarian throne and went into battle with his Serbian bandaries against Johann Zápolya , who commissioned his governor Petar Perenjija in Becskerek to build a fortress. In doing so, he brought almost all of today's Vojvodina under his rule. After Ferdinand I marched into Hungary, Nenad was ambushed by Zápolya's men while trying to hit him and shortly afterwards beheaded near Szeged in 1527 . The fortress was completed shortly before Ferdinand took the city in March 1528.
Ottoman Empire
As a result of the wars for succession, Hungary was divided into Ferdinand's Royal Hungarians , the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, and Ottoman Hungary . Sultan Suleyman I ordered the supreme provincial governor ( Beylerbey ) of Rumelia Mehmed-paša Sokolovićs to bring the Banat under his control in 1550. The siege of Bečej began on September 15, 1551 with an 80,000-strong army, which led to the conquest of the city four days later. Paralyzed by the strength of the Ottoman army, the mostly Serbian residents left Becskerek. The governor sent an envoy to bring Mehmet Pasha the surrender of the city. Unimpressed by this, Mehmet's armed forces marched towards the city and conquered the fortress , which was defended by 80 mercenaries , after only one day of siege on September 25, 1551. With the subsequent conquest of the fortress of Temesvar , the greater province of Temesvar ( Eyâlet , later Vilâyet ) arose with the sanjak Besckerek.
Mehmet Pascha rose to the position of Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1565 and founded the Vakuf Bečkerek around 1570, thanks to the defenseless surrender of the Serbs . He exempted the Serbian population from taxes and granted extensive local autonomy. During the rule of the Turks, the Christian faith was tolerated, but churches were not permitted and there were frequent raids against the non-Ottoman population. Large parts of the population fled the Banat and slowly left a desolate and depopulated landscape.
The Transylvanian prince Sigismund Báthory organized the uprising against the Ottomans with the Serbs and Wallachians in 1594 . After the insurgents first took control of the southern Banat, they liberated the Bečkerek fortress from the Turks. The Ottomans began to recapture the lost fortresses in 1596 and secured their rule over the Banat in the battles that followed.
After Prince Eugene of Savoy liberated Bečkerek from the Ottomans in 1698, the Greater Temeşvar Province was part of the Ottoman Empire on January 26, 1699 in the Treaty of Karlowitz . Nevertheless, the region remained occupied by Austrian troops who destroyed the Bečkerek fortress in 1701. Turkish garrisons were stationed in the city until 1716. The remaining Turkish population was expelled in 1717 with the arrival of Prince Alexander von Württemberg, which ended the 165-year Ottoman rule in the region.
The Habsburg Monarchy
Under the Habsburgs, the city was subordinate to the Viennese court chamber as part of the imperial crown domain Temeschwer Banat. According to the first census of 1717, there were 787 inhabitants in the city. On September 12, 1718 the crown land is divided into 13 districts, of which Bečkerek forms an administrative unit. Under Charles VI. the colonization of the depopulated and devastated areas in the Banat began. In addition to Serbs and Hungarians, mainly Danube Swabians came to Bečkerek , but also French , Italians , Romanians , Slovaks and from 1737 also Spaniards from Barcelona and the Biscay , who call the place New Barcelona for short. In 1760 there were around 30 Jewish families.
Claudius Florimund Mercy , as governor and president of the provincial administration of the Banat of Timisoara, headed the settlement and cultivation of the southern Hungarian areas conquered by the Turks, including the Timisoara Banat, from 1720. The recruited immigrants from Swabia, Franconia, Palatinate, Rhineland and elsewhere, the so-called Danube Swabians, were given land and granted them three years of tax exemption. A total of 100,000 people were settled, 30,000 Serb families settled in today's Vojvodina alone.
From 1727 to 1733 the construction of the Bega Canal was under Mercy's leadership. Before the canalisation, the Bega offered rich food in a wild, unregulated course to the extensive marshland in the west. The drainage of the swamps seemed to Mercy a necessity for strategic, economic and not least sanitary reasons. The resulting drying up of the swamps created new, fertile farmland.
From 1850 to 1860 Bečkerek belonged to the crown land of the Voivodeship of Serbia and the Temesian Banat , which was rejoined to Hungary after 1860.
World War I and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
After the end of the First World War , Vojvodina was proclaimed in 1918 and its union with the Kingdom of Serbia, and so Bečkerek became part of Serbia and Yugoslavia .
World War II and the SFR Yugoslavia
During the Second World War, the National Socialists murdered almost all of the city's Jews in 1941.
Yugoslav Wars and the Present
During the Croatian War of 1992, thousands were held in the Stajićevo prison camp near the city.
The “Law on the Territorial Organization of the Republic of Serbia” , which came into force at the end of 2007 , gave Zrenjanin the administrative and territorial status of a city.
population
According to the 2011 census, the inhabitants of the city belonged to the following ethnic groups:
| Ethnicity | number | percent |
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| Serbs | 91,579 | 74.24% |
| Hungary | 12,350 | 10.01% |
| Roma | 3,410 | 2.76% |
| Romanians | 2.161 | 1.75% |
| Slovaks | 2,062 | 1.67% |
| Yugoslavs | 592 | 0.48% |
| Other | 11,164 | 9.09% |
| Total population | 123,362 | 100% |
religion
Zrenjanin has two Serbian Orthodox churches in Baroque style from 1746 and 1777 respectively. The Roman Catholic Johann Nepomuk Cathedral of the Zrenjanin diocese was completed in 1868 and the Reformed Church in neo-Gothic style in 1891. The synagogue built by Lipót Baumhorn in 1896 was completed in 1941 destroyed.
politics
City government
The city is the administrative seat of the Central Banat District (Srednji Banat) and in terms of area the second largest municipality in Serbia. Mayor of the city is Ivan Bošnjak of the Srpska Napredna Stranka party , who was elected by the city council representatives in the election on August 21, 2012. The President of the City Council is Radovan Bulajić .
Local election 2012
The last municipal elections took place in Zrenjanin in May 2012. In 70 polling stations, the municipal electoral commission recorded a turnout of over 55.48% with 60,082 voting slips cast. Of the votes cast, 2581 were considered invalid.
Of the total of 67 seats, the SNS received 25 seats in the city council with 17,684 votes and replaced the previously strongest party DS , which received 15 seats out of 11,253 votes. The election results in detail are composed as follows:
| Electoral alliance / party | be right | percent | Mandates |
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| SNS | 17,684 | 29.43% | 25th |
| DS | 11,253 | 18.73% | 15th |
| LSV | 9,253 | 15.4% | 13 |
| SPS - PUPS - JS | 5,828 | 9.7% | 8th |
| SRS | 3,251 | 5.41% | 4th |
| Dveri za život Zrenjanina | 2,414 | 4.02% | - |
| Preokret , LDP , SDU , VP | 2,375 | 3.95% | - |
| SVM - VMSZ | 1,986 | 3.31% | 2 |
| UG Ravnopravost - Volim Zrenjanin | 1,943 | 3.23% | - |
| Za opstanak Zrenjanina - URS | 1,433 | 2.39% | - |
Twin cities
Zrenjanin maintains the following city partnerships:
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coat of arms
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The coat of arms in its current form was introduced in June 1769 after it was elevated to the status of a free trade center. In the period between 1919 and July 11, 2008, Zrenjanin, or Petrovgrad, did not have a coat of arms until the city regained its status.
The coat of arms shows a sign with " Mary's Assumption into Heaven ". On a light blue background, the heavenly light shines along from the upper end, the Virgin Mary standing on a cloud cover . With a nimbus around her head and encircled by two cherubins , she looks down on earthly events in a white dress and a robe that is light blue on the outside and purple on the inside . The lower part shows the mourning ceremony of the "Mother of God". The body is laid out in an open coffin between two gold stands with glowing candles. A dark red carpet is laid out under the coffin and lies on red floor slabs. Seven apostles, also with a halo, pay their last respects to the deceased. The silver edges of the shield are set in gold on both sides. The city wall with five towers in the shape of a crown is shown above the shield.
Between 1969 and 2008 the Opština Zrenjanin carried a green coat of arms by the sculptor Stevan Dukić , which was not based on any heraldic standards.
Education and culture
Zrenjanin has 18 municipal schools in the two-tier school system, ten of which are elementary schools and eight are high schools. There are also 22 other schools in the surrounding villages. The first elementary school was founded in 1722 and the first Serbian school in 1745. The courses at the Technical University of Applied Sciences and the Technical Faculty of Mihajlo Pupin , part of the University of Novi Sad , are adapted to local needs in order to train qualified workers comparatively quickly. A total of 4,000 places are available in the two universities. This makes Zrenjanin an important educational center in Vojvodina.
The city has a contemporary art gallery and a folk museum. With over 33,000 exhibits and over 80,000 visitors per year, it was named the best museum in Serbia in 2006. The city library "Žarko Zrenjanin" has around 150,000 works. The collection of the national archive in Zrenjanin includes numerous documents and papers from the central Banat, including those from the 16th century. In 2007 it was honored as the most successful archive in Serbia with the award “Golden Archive”.
In the “Toša Jovanović” folk theater, in addition to dramas and chamber plays, puppet shows are also performed, which have already won numerous national and international prizes. The building was built in 1839 and is the oldest theater building in Serbia. The youth choir Koča Kolarov was founded in 1966 and has since received awards in numerous European competitions.
The novel Tortoise Soldier (2017) by Melinda Nadj Abonji is largely set in the barracks of Zrenjanin, the Svetozar Marković Toza barracks.
Economy and Infrastructure
In June 1769, the Habsburg princess Maria Theresia Großbetschkerek granted the privilege of being a free trade center. This made the city the economic center of the reorganized Hungarian county of Torontal in 1779 .
The surrounding area of Zrenjanin is characterized by the fertile Pannonian lowlands, strongly agricultural. In addition to cattle breeding , the main crops are corn , sunflowers , rape , barley and sugar beet . Due to the surrounding lakes, rivers and the artificially created fish ponds , a distinctive fishery established itself early on .
At the end of 2008, the Serbian Ministry of Finance established one of Serbia's eleven free trade zones. Initially limited to 6 hectares, this was expanded to 98 hectares on April 23, 2012 and now includes the three areas Bagljaš , Cvetna and Southeast - Ečka . Due to its infrastructure and favorable geographical location in the immediate vicinity of the Danube , Tisza , Bega , Temesch and the Danube-Tisza-Danube canal system , Zrenjanin is described by the US Chamber of Commerce , SIEPA and USAID as the most attractive business location for foreign investments in Serbia. The World Bank stated in its report “Doing business in South East Europe 2008” that Zrenjanin is the second best location in South East Europe .
The Zrenjanin airfield, which borders the southeast Ečka free trade zone , is to be expanded and in the near future a port and two shipyards will be added to the Bega. This gives Zrenjanin access to the North Sea and the Black Sea via the European Rhine-Main-Danube Canal . The main industries are food processing and production, chemical, pharmaceutical, metal, petroleum, natural gas and textile industries, and construction. In addition to the railway construction and repair company Šinvoz , four German companies also have a branch in Zrenjanin. Mehler AG produces ballistic protection products for the German police and the military, the automotive supplier Dräxlmaier produces electronic components for BMW , Future Biotec is active in the production of biodiesel and the Phiwa - Walther Group operates a goods distribution center.
Startups from the IT industry are provided with fully equipped business premises free of charge by the investment support fund in Vojvodina . Newly founded companies that do not come from the IT sector can also use the rooms free of charge until they have set up their own business. Zrenjanin is the first city in Serbia and next to a few cities in Europe to have free wireless internet access in the city center.
While the city was a railway junction until the end of the 1960s, today only trains run regularly on the Beograd Dunav – Kikinda railway line and individual trains to the south of Debeljača . Until 1968 the Hatzfelder Bahn led to Jimbolia in Romania.
On October 25, 2018, the Novi Sad-Zrenjanin railway reopened after it was closed in 2011. In the course of the reconstruction, the speed on the route was increased to 80 km / h and the axle load increased to 22.5 tons.
Sports
In its recent history, the city has hosted international competitions such as the 25th Summer Universiade 2009 , the 2011 European Women's Volleyball Championship and the 2013 Women's World Handball Championship . The city owns several sports facilities. For example the multi-purpose stadium and the sports halls at the Karađorđev park stadium , a swimming pool and a golf course .
The Torontal rowing club was founded in 1885 as the city's first sports club . Today, FK Banat Zrenjanin in football and Proleter Zrenjanin in handball, basketball and water sports are among the largest sports clubs in Zrenjanin.
Some of the country's greatest athletes were born in Zrenjanin. Dejan Bodiroga is one of the most successful basketball players of all time with 17 titles won . Nikola and Vladimir Grbić won the gold medal with the Serbian Olympic team at the 2009 Olympic Games in volleyball . In amateur boxing, Zvonimir "Zvonko" Vujin became vice European champion in 1967 and won the bronze medal at the 1968 and 1972 Olympic Games .
Attractions
- The town hall in neo-baroque style was built in 1816 and rebuilt in 1887.
- The finance hall, now a museum, was built in 1894 in the neo-renaissance style.
- The theater, built in 1839 in the classical style, is the oldest theater in today's Serbia.
- The Serbian Orthodox Uspenska Church ( Dormition of the Virgin Mary ), built in 1746 in the Baroque style, is the oldest church in the city.
- The Serbian Orthodox Church of the Temple of Mary , built from 1777 to 1779 in the Baroque style, is Zrenjanin's Orthodox pilgrimage center.
- The Roman Catholic cathedral is a neo-Romanesque building from the years 1864 to 1868.
- Mali Most (Little Bridge), an arched bridge from 1904, is the oldest bridge in the city.
- Most na suvom , the “dry bridge”, leads over the empty river bed of the Bega.
Uspenska Church
Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
Cathedral in Zrenjanin
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Rudolf Wegscheider (1859–1935), Austrian chemist
- Janos Bartl (1878–1958), German magician
- István Fiedler (1871–1957), Roman Catholic bishop
- Andor Ákos (1893–1940), officer, architect and painter
- Béla Pálfi (1923–1995), football player
- Borislav Roković (1925–2006), composer, pianist, arranger
- Ivan Ivanji (* 1929), Yugoslav writer, translator, diplomat and journalist
- Mario Szenessy (1930–1976), Hungarian-German writer
- Jolan Rieger (* 1931), qualified psychologist and poet
- Zvonimir "Zvonko" Vujin (1943–2019), boxer
- Ivan Boldirev (* 1949), Yugoslav-Canadian ice hockey player
- Vladimir Grbić (* 1970), volleyball player
- Uglješa Šajtinac (* 1971), playwright and writer
- Nikola Grbić (* 1973), volleyball player
- Dejan Bodiroga (* 1973), basketball player
- Jelena Kuljić (* 1976), singer
- Zvonimir Vukić (* 1979), football player
- Damjan Deurić (* 1983), musician who played with Divlje Jagode , among others
- Maja Ognjenović (* 1984), volleyball player
- Zoran Tošić (* 1987), football player
- Jovana Brakočević (* 1988), volleyball player
- Ivan Lenđer (* 1990), swimmer
- Ivana Španović (* 1990), track and field athlete
- Jelena Živković (* 1991), handball player
Personalities who have worked on site
- Josef Goigner (1837–1887), church painter, lived in Großbetschkerek from 1850 and died here too.
Web links
literature
- Felix Milleker : History of the City of Veliki Bečkerek 1333–1918 , C. Kirchner, 1933, Werschetz
- Marco Leitl u. Rudolf Müller: Family book of the Catholic parish of the city of Groß Betschkerek in the Banat 1753–1945 , 2016, Munich, ISBN 978-3-00-054616-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ 2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia (Serbian / English)
- ↑ 2011 census ( memento of the original from January 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Climatic characteristics (Serbian)
- ↑ Hydrometeorological Institute of the Republic of Serbia - climate table for Zrenjanin 1981-2010
- ↑ Hydrometeorological Institute of the Republic of Serbia - Zrenjanin Weather Station
- ^ Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments Zrenjanin
- ↑ Arheologija srednjeg Banata
- ^ Heinz Dopsch : Steppe peoples in medieval Eastern Europe - Huns, Avars, Hungarians and Mongols PDF on the website of the University of Salzburg
- ↑ a b History: Middle Ages on zrenjanin.rs
- ↑ Bečkerečki grad, Jene Szentklaray - Zrenjanin 1954
- ↑ http://media.popis2011.stat.rs/2012/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf
- ↑ Graditeljska Bastina-Vesna Karavida-S. 36/37
- ↑ List of twin cities on zrenjanin.rs
- ↑ Official website of the gallery for contemporary art ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Official website of the “Toša Jovanović” folk theater ( memento of the original from February 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Administration of the Free Trade Zones of Serbia ( Memento of the original from May 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Free Zone Extension in Zrenjanin approved
- ^ Official PowerPoint presentation of the city of Zrenjanin
- ↑ Serbian line reopens on railwaygazette.com of November 3, 2018, accessed November 18, 2018
