Sokollu Mehmed Pasha

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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha

Sokollu Mehmed Pascha ( Serbo-Croatian Mehmed-paša Sokolović / Мехмед паша Соколовић, Turkish Sokollu Mehmet Paşa سوکلو محمد پاشا; * around 1505 in Sokol near Rudo , Sanjak Bosnia as Bajo Nenadić , called Bajica ; †  October 12, 1579 in Istanbul ) was a military commander and grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire .

Live and act

Sokollu Mehmed Pascha came from the important Sokolović family from the village of Sokol near Rudo , who lived on the left bank of the Drina in the region around Višegrad, and was baptized in the name of Bajica by a Serbian Orthodox clergyman. Through the boy harvest he came to Istanbul, where he had to convert to Islam . There he should be trained as a Janissary . However, since he was thought to be wise, after some time he entered the palace school ( Enderun ), where he received a comprehensive education.

He won the trust of Suleyman I and was appointed Kapudan Pasha of the Turkish fleet in 1546 . In 1549 he rose to the Beylerbey Rumeliens . In a campaign against Austria and Erdelien he conquered the Banat of Temesvár in 1551/52 . In 1555 he rose to the third vizier, 1561 to the second and finally in 1565 to the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire. Under his father-in-law Selim II , Sokollu Mehmed Pasha ruled de facto unrestrictedly over the Ottoman Empire. Sokollu Mehmed Pasha protected a number of relatives and acquaintances, such as the chronicler Aşık Çelebi , and gave them posts in the Ottoman Empire. At that time, the South Slavic language ( Štokavian ) was one of the court languages ​​of the Sublime Porte . His best known protege was Sokollu Mustafa Pascha , the longtime Beylerbey of Buda .

Feridun Ahmed Beg and Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (right). Ottoman illustration around 1568.

Sokollu cultivated relations with England and Poland, he gave legal and commercial privileges to merchants from France (1569) and from England (1580) in the form of "surrenders". To support the Sultanate of Aceh , he sent a fleet to Sumatra in 1569/70 .

Suleyman married him to Esmahan, a daughter of the later Sultan Selim. His sons also rose to be sanjakbeys.

In 1557, the medieval patriarchate of Peć was renewed and separated from the Ohrid Archiepiskopat , with Sokollu Mehmed Pasha's relative Makarius Sokolović being installed as patriarch. Allegedly this happened because of Mehmed Sokollu Pasha's influence, but this has not yet been proven. Under Murad III. (from 1574) Sokollu Mehmed Pasha's political opponents increasingly prevailed; Sokollu Mehmed Pasha was murdered by a dervish in 1579 .

Historical photo of the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad .

Today Sokollu Mehmed Pascha is best known for the buildings he donated. The most famous is the bridge over the Drina in Višegrad , to which Ivo Andrić dedicated a novel. He also donated the Arslanagić Bridge in Trebinje , the Goat Bridge in Sarajevo and the Žepa Bridge in the town of Žepa near Višegrad. In addition, some mosques are part of his legacy, the best known is the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque in Istanbul , which is named after him .

literature

Web links

Commons : Sokollu Mehmed Pascha  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus Kreiser: The Ottoman State . Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2008, p. 28.
predecessor Office successor
Semiz Ali Pasha Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
June 28, 1565-12. October 1579 		Semiz Ahmed Pasha
personal data
SURNAME Sokollu, Mehmed Pasha
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sokollu Mehmet Paşa; Mehmed-paša Sokolović; Bajo Nenadić; Bajica Nenadić
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman Grand Vizier
DATE OF BIRTH 1505
PLACE OF BIRTH Sokol near Višegrad
DATE OF DEATH October 12, 1579
Place of death Istanbul