Royal Hungary

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The changing borders between Royal Hungary, Ottoman Hungary and Transylvania
The three-part Hungarian kingdom: the Habsburg part with the Croatian heartland in the west, the central areas in Ottoman hands and the Principality of Transylvania as an Ottoman vassal state in the north and east.

The Hungarian territory of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1526 to 1700 is called Royal Hungary , which it fell to after the Hungarian defeat in the Battle of Mohács in 1526. Large parts of Hungary were occupied by the Ottomans as a result of the Hungarian defeat, and the Kingdom of Hungary was divided into three parts after the end of the Hungarian civil war in 1541. Pressburg became the capital of Royal Hungary .

The other two parts were the central territory conquered by the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom in the east, which became the Principality of Transylvania in 1570 . This area was a vassal state of the Ottomans for much of its history .

The Habsburg dynasty were elected kings of Hungary after 1526 who swore an oath on the constitution of the Kingdom of Hungary at their coronation . After Ottoman Hungary had been conquered by the Habsburgs after 1683, the term Royal Hungary was no longer used. Instead, after conquering the Ottoman part, the Habsburg kings referred to their Hungarian possessions again as the Kingdom of Hungary .

The Habsburg kings had direct control over the Hungarian royal finances, the military and foreign relations. In addition, imperial troops controlled the borders of Royal Hungary. The Habsburg kings were represented by the Hungarian king's deputy .

literature

  • Thomas von Bogyay: Outlines of the history of Hungary ; Darmstadt: Scientific Book Society, 1990 4 ; ISBN 3-534-00690-9 .
  • Holger Fischer , Konrad Gündisch: A Little History of Hungary . edition suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-518-12114-6 .
  • István Lázár: A Brief History of Hungary . Corvina Budapest 1989, ISBN 963-13-4293-X .
  • Paul Lendvai : The Hungarians. A thousand years of history . Goldmann, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-442-15122-8 .
  • Miklós Molnár : History of Hungary. From the beginning to the present ; ed. and translated by Bálint Balla , Reinhold Krämer, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-89622-031-4 .
  • Andreas Schmidt-Schweizer: Political History of Hungary. From liberalized one-party rule to democracy in the consolidation phase . Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-57886-7 .
  • Istvan György Toth (ed.): History of Hungary. Budapest 2005, ISBN 963-13-5268-4 . (The most extensive one-volume presentation in German.)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historians refer to the 15 years between the battle of Mohács and the final fall of Buda as the Hungarian civil war, in: Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák, Tibor Frank: A History of Hungary , p. 84