Belo Blato
|
Бело Блато Belo Blato |
|||||
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Serbia | ||||
| Province : | Vojvodina | ||||
| Okrug : |
Srednji Banat |
||||
| Opština : | Zrenjanin | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 16 ' N , 20 ° 23' E | ||||
| Height : | 68 m. i. J. | ||||
| Area : | 28.8 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 1,473 (2002) | ||||
| Population density : | 51 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+381) 023 | ||||
| Postal code : | 23205 | ||||
| License plate : | ZR | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2008) | |||||
| Mayor : | Mileta Mihajlov ( DS ) | ||||
| Postal address : | Benešova 12 23205 Belo Blato |
||||
| Website : | |||||
Belo Blato ( Serbian - Cyrillic Бело Блато ; Slovak : Lízika and Biele Blato ; Hungarian : Nagyerzsébetlak ; German : Elisenheim ) is a place in the Serbian Banat and belongs to the administrative area of the city of Zrenjanin . The place name is German translated white mud and is derived from the adjacent Belo jezero ( White Lake ).
history
The place Belo Blato was founded in 1866 by Germans who called the village Elisenheim. After a flood in 1876, half of the residents left and moved to what is now the Romanian Banat and founded the village of Josefsdorf. As a result, around 180 Slovak families from nearby Padina repopulated the area around 1883, followed by Germans , Magyars and Bulgarians some time later . The latter came from the surrounding towns of Mužlja and Lukino Selo . The settlers of the Catholic denomination founded the first church in 1895, which was followed by another Protestant church for the Slovak community in 1902 . In addition, a primary school , a priest's house and a mill were built. The colonization of Elisenheim lasted until the turn of the century.
The result of the First World War was the collapse of the k. and k. Monarchy, after the First World War the approximately 1.5 million Danube Swabians belonged to Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia, one third each. Elisenheim belonged to the Kingdom of Serbia from 1918, the official language was Serbian.
On April 6, 1941, the German Reich invaded Yugoslavia and the Banat came under German military administration, the Danube Swabians were drafted into German military service under a so-called "voluntary must". In October 1944, the "Great Disaster" broke out over the German ethnic group when Tito's partisans and the Red Army took over the regiment in the Banat. All ethnic Germans of Yugoslavia had been declared enemies of the people by the "Anti-Fascist Council for the Liberation of the People of Yugoslavia" (AVNOJ). These AVNOJ resolutions of Jajce (Bosnia) of November 21, 1943, led to the denial of civil rights, expropriation, evacuation, internment in extermination camps and the killing, flight and expulsion of the Danube Swabians, which can be described as genocide. In Elisenheim, 10 Elisenheimers in Betschkerek were mistreated and shot under the Tito's regime. On May 9, 1945, the German Elisenheimers were rounded up and then interned in Sigmundsfeld, families torn apart. 30 Elisenheimers died mainly in the camp in Rudolfsgnad, 4 Elisenheimers died in Russia, 16 Elisenheimers were deported to Russia.
In 1962, electricity and fresh water lines , a sewage system and a telephone network were installed, and the streets were gradually paved.
education
In order to maintain the respective culture children are still in elementary school in Slovak and Hungarian language teaching.
Demographics
According to a 2002 census, a total of 1173 people of full age lived in Belo Blato , with an average age of 39.4 years (38.4 for male and 40.4 for female residents). An average of 2.6 people live in the 568 private households .
With 39.47% the Slovaks make up the largest ethnic share, followed by Hungarians with 33.03% and Bulgarians with 8.66% . Only 7.98% of the population profess to be Serbs . The rest are Yugoslavs , Roma and Romanians , among others . Evidence of the once German population can be found in the cemetery of Belo Blato, on the memorials of the extermination camps and mass graves. The descendants of the Banat Danube Swabians live scattered across Europe and overseas, the reasons for this being flight and expulsion as a result of World War II.
A sharp decline in the number of inhabitants was and is to be observed, which is currently not only due to the poor economic situation, but also to the vote-catching on the part of the Hungarian and Slovak governments, which, as EU member states, facilitate the emigration of Hungarians and Slovaks.
| Population development | |
| year | Residents |
| 1931 | 2229 |
| 1948 | 2159 |
| 1953 | 2490 |
| 1961 | 2031 |
| 1971 | 1841 |
| 1981 | 1746 |
| 1991 | 1762 |
| 2002 | 1473 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Elisenheim, by Elisabeth Meyers, 1988, Roßwog Verlag, Freiburg. Before the eyes of the world, Reinhard Olt, Frankfurter Allgemeine, May 14, 2001: Crimes against Germans in Yugoslavia 1944–1948, The stations of a genocide, Georg Wildmann, Donauschwäbische Kulturstirftung, Munich 1998; Court and State Manual of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, 1900 edition.