Szeged

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Szeged
Coat of arms of Szeged
Szeged (Hungary)
Szeged
Szeged
Basic data
State : Hungary
Region : Southern Great Plain
County : Csongrád-Csanád
Small area until December 31, 2012 : Szeged
District since 1.1.2013 : Szeged
Coordinates : 46 ° 15 ′  N , 20 ° 9 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 15 ′ 1 ″  N , 20 ° 9 ′ 1 ″  E
Height : 75  m
Area : 280.84  km²
Residents : 170,285 (Jan. 1, 2011)
Population density : 606 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+36) 62
Postal code : 6700-6791
KSH kódja: 33367
Structure and administration (status: 2018)
Community type : city
Mayor : László Botka ( MSZP )
Postal address : Széchenyi tér 10-11
6720 Szeged
Website :
(Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal )
Center of Szeged on the Tisza

Listen to Szeged [ ˈsɛgɛd ] ? / i ( German Szegedin or Segedin , Serbian Сегедин Segedin , Romanian Seghedin ) is a large city in Hungary . It has county law and is the third largest city in Hungary with 160,766 inhabitants (2019) and is located on its southern border near the border triangle with Serbia and Romania at the mouth of the river Mieresch (Hungarian Maros , pronounced "Marosch") in the Tisza (Hungarian Tisza ). It is the seat of the Csongrád-Csanád county . In addition to the intercity train connection, the city can also be reached via the M5 motorway from Budapest, around 170 km away . Szeged is the sunniest city in Hungary. Over 2000 hours of sunshine per year have given the city the nickname "City of Sunshine". Audio file / audio sample  

geography

Geographical location

Szeged is located in southern Hungary and in the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain on the lower reaches of the Tisza , which flows into the Danube in Vojvodina about 120 km south of Szeged on the territory of Serbia . At the eastern city limits the Marosch flows into the Tisza.

There are two larger and approx. 15 small lakes in the urban area. The two large lakes ( Fehér-tó and Sándorfalvi halastó ) are located in the north of the urban area. Some of the smaller lakes are artificially created, e.g. B. for canoeing.

City districts and districts

Aerial view: Szeged
  • Szentmihály
  • Gyálarét
  • Kiskundorozsma
  • Iparváros
  • Kecskéstelep
  • Klebelsberg Telep
  • Alsóváros
  • Móraváros
  • Béketelep
  • Rókus
  • Makkosház
  • Baktó
  • Tarjan
  • Belváros
  • Újszeged
  • Tápé
  • Petőfitelep
  • Szőreg

Neighboring communities

climate

There is a temperate continental climate with little rainfall, hot summers and cold winters. The coldest month is January (average −1.4 ° C), the warmest is July (+23.0 ° C). With an average of 2100 hours of sunshine a year, the region around Szeged is the sunniest region in Hungary.

Szeged
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
29
 
2
-5
 
 
25th
 
5
-3
 
 
29
 
11
1
 
 
41
 
17th
6th
 
 
51
 
22nd
10
 
 
72
 
25th
13
 
 
50
 
27
14th
 
 
57
 
27
14th
 
 
34
 
23
10
 
 
26th
 
18th
6th
 
 
41
 
10
2
 
 
40
 
4th
-2
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Szeged
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.7 5.1 11.2 17.1 22.3 25.3 27.4 27.0 23.4 17.6 9.5 3.8 O 16
Min. Temperature (° C) -4.8 -2.5 0.9 5.5 10.3 13.4 14.4 13.9 10.4 5.6 1.7 -2.1 O 5.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 29 25th 29 41 51 72 50 57 34 26th 41 40 Σ 495
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.0 3.1 4.6 6.0 7.6 8.5 9.3 8.6 7.0 5.5 2.7 1.6 O 5.6
Rainy days ( d ) 6th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 6th 6th 5 5 7th 7th Σ 77
Humidity ( % ) 86 83 74 69 68 69 67 69 72 75 84 87 O 75.2
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
1.7
-4.8
5.1
-2.5
11.2
0.9
17.1
5.5
22.3
10.3
25.3
13.4
27.4
14.4
27.0
13.9
23.4
10.4
17.6
5.6
9.5
1.7
3.8
-2.1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
29
25th
29
41
51
72
50
57
34
26th
41
40
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

history

The oldest signs in the area of ​​today's Szeged and on the Tisza come from mammoth hunters from the last ice age around 24,000 BC. The first archaeological finds go back to the Neolithic around 5,000 BC.

Szeged was founded by the Romans and was named Partiscum . Excavations suggest that Attila , the king of the Huns , maintained a base here.

In Roman times, salt, gold and wood were transported on the water and land routes that still run through Szeged today. The Hungarians settled after the conquest in the 10th century. The first documented information about the city comes from the year 1183, in which Szeged (Ciggedin) is mentioned as the center of the Hungarian salt transport. After Szeged was burned down during the Mongol storm in 1241, the city was rebuilt and fortified with a castle. In the 13th century, Szeged established itself as a trading center, particularly because of its salt production.

In 1247 King Béla IV claimed Szeged for himself. In 1498 it was raised to the status of a Royal Free City. In 1526 it was sacked and burned by the Turks. The Turkish rule lasted 143 years and ended in 1686 when the city and the castle were recaptured by the Austrian imperial armies. During the struggle for freedom against the Habsburgs (1848/49) , Szeged was the capital of the country for a short time.

Flood levels in Szeged

A catastrophic flood in 1879 destroyed 95% of the city. Of the approximately 6000 houses, only 300 were spared from the flood. The city was rebuilt with international help, with practically everything re-planned and laid out. This explains the structure of the city's streets with rings and radial paths. The ring roads today bear the names of the cities that helped with the reconstruction. With its uniform, eclectic cityscape, the palaces in the city center and the spacious parks and squares, Szeged acquired the character of a modern European city.

Reök Palota in Szeged

After the floods, the citizens of Szeged took a vow: If their city was to be rebuilt, they wanted to build a large church. In 1880, one year after the devastating flood, construction was decided. The foundation stone was laid in 1914 and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Hungary was completed in 1930. It is the fourth largest church in Hungary and the only cathedral that was built in Hungary in the 20th century. The Szeged Open-Air Theater has been taking place on the Cathedral Square every year since 1931.

At the turn of the century a rapid upswing began in all areas. Trade and commerce flourished, schools were built, and new offices and institutions were established. After the end of the First World War, Szeged and its environs were occupied by around 28,000 French troops from spring 1919, in accordance with the Belgrade Agreement of November 8, 1918. The occupation was maintained until 1929.

In 1921 the University of Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca), in 1923 and 1931 the bishopric of the Csanád diocese from Temesvár , and in 1928 the Pest Pedagogical College moved to Szeged. The construction of the cathedral, which began in 1913 and was interrupted by the First World War, was completed in 1930.

After the Second World War , in which mainly the bridges were destroyed, the city began to develop again. In the 1960s numerous new apartments were built and the food industry (salami production, paprika processing, canning industry) became the most important branch of industry in Szeged.

Today Szeged is a center of economy, culture and science. With the universities and colleges recently merged under one roof, as well as many high schools with different specializations, it is one of the five largest study centers in Hungary. The number of pupils and students equals the population of a medium-sized Hungarian city. In addition to its open-air games, international trade fairs, exhibitions and sporting events organized in summer, Szeged is also well-known among gastronomy lovers.

population

In 2002, out of a population of 163,699, 93.5% were Magyars , 0.7% Sinti, Roma and related groups , 0.6% Germans , 0.5% Serbs , 0.2% Romanians , 0.2% Slovaks , 0, 1% Croatians , 4.2% other nationalities.

Population development

The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status.

year Residents
2002 163,699
2011 170.285
2014 161,921

Economy and Infrastructure

food industry

Szeged's economy is mainly characterized by food production. The most important products, which are also exported, are salami, the world-famous Szeged peppers (hot or sweet) and canned goods. The Pick company is one of the most successful and well-known Hungarian companies abroad, which has become famous primarily for its salami production . It is one of the most important companies for Szeged as Pick is also a promoter of culture and sport in Szeged. A new product group is salami and sausage products made from the meat of the Hungarian Mangaliza pig .

traffic

Belvárosi híd during the annual spring flood

In the urban area, two bridges span the Tisza . In the eastern part of Szeged connecting Bertalan híd the Római krt. ( Körút , so one of the ring roads) with the in-New-Szeged Temesvári krt. Approximately 500 m west of it connects the Belvárosi híd the Roosevelt tér with the past in New Szeged Torontál tér . Both bridges have had their current names since a decision by the city ​​council in May 2001. A railway bridge on the route to Temesvár has also connected the two banks of the Tisza since 1858. It was the first large railway bridge in Hungary and existed until 1944.

The previous grass airfield has been expanded into an international airport and should actually be opened in September 2007. However, reasons of ownership still stand in the way of this project. Components of the development include a new, paved taxiway , runway lighting and a the EU directives corresponding terminal . Main street 47 also begins in the city . Szeged has been accessible via the M5 and M43 motorways since 2005 .

Long-distance transport

With the Intercity there is a direct connection to Budapest . In addition, regional trains run in different directions. There has been no rail connection with Romania, which is close to the border, since 1920. Next to the long-distance train station are Újszeged vá. and Rókus vá. two more train stations in the city area.

Local transport

Tram and trolleybus network
PESA tram in Szeged
theatre

The public transport network in Szeged is quite well developed. Buses, trams and trolleybuses (trolleybuses) operate in the city . Most public transport runs between 4:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m.

Local public transport in Szeged is maintained by two companies, the Szegediner Verkehrsbetriebe ( Hungarian : SzKT, Szegedi Közlekedési Társasag ) and Tisza Volán . The SzKT maintains the tram network and the trolleybus routes. Tisza Volán operates the bus connections inside and outside Szeged.

After the great flood of 1879, when the volume of traffic increased again, it became clear that the horse-drawn buses were becoming too inefficient. On July 1, 1884, a company from which the SzKT would later develop started using the first horse trams . One year later, in 1885, over 300,000 passengers were carried in Szeged in this way.

The first electric tram was used in Szeged on October 1, 1908, to carry people and goods. The newly introduced technology suffered a serious setback in the First World War. Some lines were closed, two vehicles had to be sold for lack of money. The timetable has also been thinned out.

The network survived the Second World War virtually unscathed, even if traffic had to be suspended in the last days of the war. The first bus line ran in 1955. It was planned that the existing buses would be the second pillar behind the tram in Szeged. But the bus routes became much more popular than the trams. In 1963 the bus service was taken over by the newly founded Tisza Volán.

The first trolleybuses were used in Szeged on April 29, 1979, which further reduced the importance of the tram. This also resulted from the fact that the trams used were rarely replaced. In 1996, 13 tram cars from the Tatra company were bought to upgrade the ailing tram network. Between 2000 and 2001, SzKT's trolleybus fleet was expanded and renewed through new purchases. In 2005, the decision was made to largely replace the old FVV tram cars by purchasing used Tatra cars from Germany.

Today the Szeged public transport network includes 42 bus lines, 4 tram lines and 6 trolleybus lines. Besides Szeged, only three other cities in Hungary, Budapest , Miskolc and Debrecen , have a tram. Apart from Szeged, trolleybuses can only be found in Budapest and Debrecen.

Culture and sights

Attractions

Ferenc Móra Museum
Szeged synagogue
Nicolaikirche (Serbian Orthodox) in Szeged

With its historical buildings and squares, Szeged is an attraction for tourists who come mainly from Europe and America.

One of the most beautiful squares in Szeged is the Széchenyi tér ( tér = "square") with the Art Nouveau town hall (városháza) in the city center. With its green spaces, statues and fountains, it invites you to stroll and is regularly used by the city as an event site.

South of Széchenyi tér is followed by Kárász utca ( utca = "street"), the largest shopping street in Szeged, which flows over Klauzál tér into Dugonics tér .

One of the most famous and largest coffee houses in Szeged, the Virág-kávéház, is located on Klauzál tér . From the balcony of the Kárász house, Lajos Kossuth gave his last speech in Hungary in 1849 before going into exile. On Dugonics tér , the first glance falls on the fountain in the center of the square with its water feature and the university administration building, also in Art Nouveau style .

To the southeast of Dugonics tér lies the most famous square in Szeged, the Dóm tér . The adjoining Votive Church is visible from afar , the construction of which was decided by the councilors of Szeged one year after the flood of the century in 1879. During the construction, the foundation walls of the Demetrius Tower were discovered, which can still be seen after its restoration and is considered to be the oldest building in Szeged. The square is framed by the National Memorial Hall (the Pantheon), where statues, busts and plaques honor famous people from the public, political and scientific life of Hungary. Another special feature is the music clock (Zenélő óra), which is located above the northern entrance to the square and plays its chimes and figures for nine minutes at 12:15 and 16:15. In summer, opera and drama pieces are performed here as part of the “Szeged Open Air Theater”, but folklore evenings are also organized. Opposite the Votive Church are the Episcopal Palace and the university building. At the northern end of Dóm tér is the Serbian Orthodox Church , which was built between 1773 and 1778. Inside is a rococo iconostasis carved from pear wood with 80 icons by Jován Popovics.

In the direction of Tisza and then north to Belvárosi híd , the Roosevelt tér joins. There is the Ferenc Móra Museum, whose founder is the Hungarian writer Ferenc Móra . In the halls of the museum you can see exhibitions on the early history of the region and exhibits on archaeological finds from the Avar period , but also exhibitions on the fine arts, natural sciences, pharmacies, folk art of Csongrád County and a memorial exhibition on Ferenc Móra (1879–1934) Find. Not far away is the National Theater at Deák Ferenc utca 12 , which was built in 1883 by the Viennese architects Fellner & Helmer in neo-baroque style.

Other attractions include:

  • Déry House: There is a permanent exhibition with works by the graphic artist János Kass.
  • Votive Church (Fogadalmi templom) (neo-Romanesque, 1913–1930)
  • Franciscan Church (Ferences templom) (Gothic, 15th century)
  • Minorite Church (Minorita templom) (Baroque, 18th century)
  • New synagogue (Új zsinagóga) based on plans by Lipót Baumhorn , 1903
  • Observatory
  • wildlife Park
  • Botanical Garden
  • Pick Salami and Szeged Paprika Museum
  • Gróf Palota : town house
  • Reök Palota : town house

Regular events

Performance of the opera " Tosca " on June 30, 2017

Numerous events take place in Szeged throughout the year, which are not only interesting for the citizens of Szeged and the region, but also attract tourists:

  • Szeged Weeks of Sacred Music, May
  • Wine Festival, May
  • Szeged City Day and Bridge Market, May 21
  • Beer festival, June
  • Szeged open-air plays , July and August, their specialty are performances on the cathedral square in front of the impressive backdrop of the cathedral and the Demetrius tower
  • International Festival of Alternative Theater, July - (Center of the Association of Alternative Theater)
  • University - Autumn Culture Festival (University of Szeged, Culture Office), October
  • Armel Opera Festival Szeged, October

Sports

The city's most famous sports club outside of Hungary is the handball club SC Pick Szeged , which is one of the top three clubs in the top Hungarian men's handball league. The SC Pick Szeged is regularly represented in the European Cup and played in the Champions League in the 2005/06 season . In May 2007 Pick Szeged's handball players became Hungarian champions.

In the west of Szeged there is a rowing and canoeing course 2,400 meters long and 122 meters wide. The world championships in canoe racing in 1998 , 2006 , 2011 and 2019 were held on it.

Szeged also has an international speedway racetrack, on which qualifying races for World Cup qualifications have already been held. Along with Miskolc and Debrecen , Szeged is one of the three Hungarian centers of speedway sports.

Education, science and research

The two most famous grammar schools (the Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium and the Radnóti Miklós Gimnázium ) are among the 15 best in the country. Szeged is a magnet for many thousands of students from all over Hungary and from other countries, including many international doctors.

  • 62 kindergartens
  • 32 primary schools
  • 18 high schools
town hall
Main building of the university
  • University of Szeged (Hungarian Szegedi Tudományegyetem ). The university emerged from the following formerly independent universities:
    • Attila József University (Hungarian József Attila Tudományegyetem , JATE for short )
    • Medical University "Albert Szent-Györgyi" (Hungarian: Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Egyetem , SZOTE for short )
    • Pedagogical College "Gyula Juhász" (Hungarian: Juhász Gyula Tanárképző Főiskola ).
    • The university also includes the University of Applied Sciences for Food Industry in Szeged, the University of Applied Sciences for Agriculture in Hódmezővásárhely and the Conservatory.

Town twinning

Szeged lists the following seventeen twin cities :

city country since
Cambridge United KingdomUnited Kingdom England, UK 1987
Darmstadt Coat of arms Darmstadt.svg GermanyGermany Hessen, Germany 1990
Kotor Coat of Arms of Kotor.png MontenegroMontenegro Montenegro 2002
Larnaka Larnaca-Municipality.jpg Cyprus RepublicRepublic of Cyprus Cyprus 1994
Łódź POL Łódź COA.svg PolandPoland Poland 2004
Liege Luik stadswapen.svg BelgiumBelgium Wallonia, Belgium 2001
Nice Arms of Nice.svg FranceFrance Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France 1969
Odessa Coat of Arms of Odessa.svg UkraineUkraine Ukraine 1956
Parma Coat of arms of Parma, svg ItalyItaly Emilia-Romagna, Italy 1988
Pula Grb Pule (2) .svg CroatiaCroatia Istria, Croatia 2003
Rakhiv Rahiv gerb.png UkraineUkraine Transcarpathia, Ukraine 1939, renewed in 1997
Săcueni RomaniaRomania Kreischgebiet, Romania
Subotica Grb subotice.jpg SerbiaSerbia Vojvodina, Serbia 1966, renewed in 2004
Târgu Mureș Coa Romania Town Marosvásárhely.svg RomaniaRomania Transylvania, Romania 1997
Timișoara ROU TM Timisoara CoA1.png RomaniaRomania Banat, Romania 1998
Toledo Toledo OH seal.png United StatesUnited States Ohio, United States 1990
Turku Turku.vaakuna.svg FinlandFinland Varsinais-Suomi, Finland 1971
Weinan China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Xibei, People's Republic of China 1999

Personalities

Albert Szent-Györgyi's bust on Dóm tér in Szeged
  • Sándor Balogh , Hungarian-German handball trainer and handball player
  • Albert Szent-Györgyi , although born in Budapest , is often associated with Szeged. He is one of the most important personalities for the city and was chosen to give the University of Szeged its name . For many years of his life he taught at this university and also held the office of rector. He made a name for himself internationally with his discoveries in the field of biological combustion processes, especially with regard to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid . He is considered to be the discoverer of vitamin C. Based on this research, he was finally awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1937 .
  • Ferenc Fricsay , one of the most important conductors of the 20th century, got his first permanent position as Kapellmeister of the military band in Szeged in 1933. In 1934 he also became conductor of the local Philharmonic Orchestra. That year he married for the first time. This marriage has three children. In addition to the Philharmonic Orchestra and the military band, he conducted operas and operettas in the Szeged City Theater and also performed some of the pieces he composed. Because of his Jewish origins (his mother was Jewish, he himself was a Roman Catholic), he had to flee Szeged with his wife and three children in 1944 and go into hiding in Budapest.
  • Adrián Zsolt Annus should be mentioned here as one of the younger Szegedins. He is considered to be one of the world's best hammer throwers , which he demonstrated at the 2003 World Athletics Championships in Paris, where he won the vice world title. A year later in 2004 at the Olympic Games in Athens, Annus won the hammer throw competition. However, this title was withdrawn from him because he refused to undergo doping controls.

Other personalities and honorary citizens of the city can be found in the list of personalities of the city of Szeged .

Culinary specialties

Szeged peppers

The city's products include the Szegedi téliszálami winter salami , the Pick salami and the Szeged paprika, which gives Hungarian dishes their special flavor. This spice is used abundantly in the Szegedin fish soup, which is only prepared here.

The German name for Szegedin goulash is misleading, as the original Hungarian name Székely gulyás does not go back to the city of Szeged, but to the name of the Hungarian writer and poet József Székely (1825–1895).

Web links

Commons : Szeged  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=33367
  2. Christian Koller: 'Von Wilden aller Rassen massetzelt': the discussion about the use of colonial troops in Europe between racism, colonial and military policy (1914-1930) , Stuttgart 2001, p. 336.
  3. Expansion of the airport by 2006 ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ceebn.com
  4. Arany oldal kategóriák Testvérvárosok »Szeged Megyei Város JOGU Önkormányzata. Retrieved November 22, 2019 .
  5. Testvérvárosok Archives - Szeged Tourinform. Retrieved November 22, 2019 .