Cambridge

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City of Cambridge
King's College with chapel
King's College with chapel
Coordinates 52 ° 12 ′  N , 0 ° 7 ′  E Coordinates: 52 ° 12 ′  N , 0 ° 7 ′  E
OS National Grid TL450588
City of Cambridge (England)
City of Cambridge
City of Cambridge
Residents 131,799 (as of 2016)
surface 115.65 km² (44.65  mi² )
Population density: 1140 inhabitants per km²
administration
ZIP code section CB1 - CB5
prefix 01223
Part of the country England
region East of England
Shire county Cambridgeshire
ONS code 12UB
Website: www.cambridge.gov.uk

Cambridge [ ˈkeɪmbɹɪdʒ ] is an English city ​​in the United Kingdom and the capital of the county of Cambridgeshire with a population of about 123,800, including about 24,500 students.

Famous are the University of Cambridge , the Gothic chapel and choir of King's College , the university library and Trinity College . The titles of Duke , Marquess and Earl of Cambridge are named after Cambridge .

geography

Division into 14 wards
Cambridge climate diagram

Geographical location

Cambridge is located on the River Cam about 80 km northeast of London in east England .

City structure

Cambridge is divided into 14 wards for electoral purposes : Abbey, Arbury, Castle, Cherry Hinton, Coleridge, East Chesterton, King's Hedges, Market, Newnham, Petersfield, Queen Edith's, Romsey, Trumpington, and West Chesterton.

climate

The warmest month in the annual mean is July with 17 ° C, the coldest month is January with 3.5 ° C. The annual mean is 9.9 ° C. The total precipitation is 558 mm.

history

Location of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire
Bridge of Sighs over the Cam
Mathematicians Bridge
Punting on the cam
The Great Gate , the main entrance to Trinity College

The first settlements in the area of ​​what is now Cambridge existed before the age of the Roman Empire. The earliest evidence of settlement, a collection of hunting weapons, comes from the late Bronze Age (1000 BC). There is further archaeological evidence of a Belgian tribe settling in Castle Hills in the first century AD.

With the Roman invasion of Britain (c. 40 AD), Cambridge became an important military post to defend the Cam . In addition, the Via Devana , which connected Colchester ( Essex ) with the northern garrisons in Chester, crossed the Cam here. The Roman name of this settlement is believed to have been Duroliponte . The settlement remained a regional center for the next 350 years. To this day, many Roman roads and fortifications can be found around Cambridge, such as Great Chesterford .

After the retreat of the Romans, the area around Castle Hill was conquered by the Angles , whose grave goods were found in this area. During the Anglo-Saxon period, Cambridge benefited from the very good trade routes within the city. These enabled safer and easier traffic through the difficult to travel Fens . However, in the 7th century, travelers to nearby Ely reported a sharp drop in trade. The settlement of Grantebrycge is mentioned in Anglo-Saxon chronicles , the first reference to a bridge in Cambridge. In 875, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles recorded the arrival of the Vikings in Cambridge. The brisk trade of the Vikings led to a renewed rapid growth of Cambridge. During this time, the city center shifted from Castle Hill on the left bank of the river to what is now Quayside on the right bank of the river. After the end of the Viking era, the Saxons briefly regained power in Cambridge and built St. Benet's Church in 1025.

Two years after the Norman conquest of England, William the Conqueror had Cambridge Castle built on the highest point in the city. Like the rest of the kingdom, Cambridge was under the control of the king and his deputies. The distinctive Round Church in the city center was built during this period. In the age of the Normans the name is recorded in the form of Grentabrige or Cantebrigge , the name of the river as Granta . The name of the town continued to change to what is now Cambridge, while the river was still further known as Granta . Even today, the cam is sometimes still referred to as a Granta. The University of Cambridge often uses the adjective neolateinische Cantabrigiensis (Cambridge).

During the Second World War , several heavy and light attacks were carried out on the Royal Air Force airport in Duxford during the Battle of Britain . Parts of the city of Cambridge were also hit. On September 23, 1940, in retaliation for an air raid on Heidelberg in the night of September 19 to 20, 1940, the first attack on Cambridge took place. The bombing of the German air force destroyed 7% of the buildings from 1940 to 1941.

Attractions

Panoramic view of the city center

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with the city

Town twinning

Cambridge maintains city partnerships with Heidelberg and Szeged. Both cities are home to a university and have a similar number of inhabitants.

literature

  • Franz X. Bogner & Stephen P. Tomkins: The Cam. An Aerial Portrait of the Cambridge River . Laber Foundation, 2015. ISBN 978-0-9932642-0-7 ( http://www.cambridgeriver.info/ )
  • Angela Abmeier, Susanne von Poblotzki (illustrator): Cambridge . Goldfinch, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-940258-05-2 .
  • Ursula Heydorn: Cambridge itself . City guide with internet addresses. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2005, ISBN 978-3-8334-2460-1 .
  • Peter Sager : Oxford and Cambridge . A cultural story. Schöffling, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 978-3-89561-671-6 .
  • Peter Sager: Cambridge . A cultural story. Insel , Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-458-35035-4 (an updated and expanded new edition as Insel-Taschenbuch 3335).
  • Frank Henry Stubbings : Bedders, Bulldogs and Bedells. A glossary of Cambridge words and usages . First published by the author 1991; revised and enlarged edition published by Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995 ( excerpts online [accessed June 2, 2017]).

Web links

Commons : Cambridge  album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Cambridge  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wikivoyage: Cambridge  Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Office for National Statistics : UK Midyear Estimates 2016 , Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, June 22, 2017 (XLS file; 1.3 MB).
  2. ↑ Alexander, J. Pullinger, J. 1999, Excavations on Castle Hill 1956-1988. Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society 88, 4-75
  3. ^ Erich Keyser: Badisches Städtebuch, Verlag Kohlhammer 1959