Horse omnibus

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Horse omnibus in Copenhagen, 1907

A horse omnibus is an omnibus that is pulled by horses . In Switzerland horses buses are just like horse tracks also Rösslitram called.

history

Postkutsche Coupé-Landauer, Vienna 1894, Technisches Museum Wien: The design still shows the structure as a “double” car, in the same design that the first passenger cars with their compartments had.
Berlin horse bus

The world's first horse bus, the carrosses à cinq sols , was introduced in Paris in 1662 at the suggestion of Blaise Pascal , but was discontinued after a few years.

The first regular line service operated in Austria from 1730 the post office car , after the post office, before that taxis and then couples , from Charles VI. had been declared a state monopoly. Private carriages were already in operation at this time, but they did not take up regular service until the later 18th century. Otherwise you had to rent a country coach . These early forms still corresponded to today's minibus , with only a comparatively few seats.

It was not until the end of the 18th century that inner-city bus routes with work horses as draft animals were set up again in European cities . Since the train stations were often outside the city centers and the cities grew incessantly, there was a need for local transport lines to replace the wagons (forerunners of today's taxis). In the Biedermeier period around 1820, the company carriages also appeared as larger rental carriages. The name "Omnibus" ('for everyone') for the inner-city parking car can be traced back to 1842.

Start of operation of some bus services:

Trams were much more comfortable than horse-drawn buses on the pavement of the time . In large cities, horse-drawn trams competed with horse-drawn buses. In many less large cities, the horse-drawn bus routes were discontinued with the introduction of the tram. Examples of this are Bielefeld in 1900 (after 14 years of bus traffic), as well as in 1901 the companies in Münster (Westphalia) (after 13 years of bus traffic) and in Freiburg im Breisgau (after 10 years of bus traffic).

In the first two and a half decades of the 20th century, combustion engines and pneumatic tires matured to such an extent that petrol and later diesel- powered buses became competitive.

The last horse buses were shut down in the 1920s. While the last horse-drawn bus line in London was discontinued in 1914 and in Hamburg in 1918, the horse-drawn bus routes in Berlin were able to hold their own for a few years longer. On June 21, 1920, the last Berlin horse-drawn bus was in daytime traffic, and on August 25, 1923, the last Berlin horse-drawn bus was also in night traffic.

Car shape

Horse-drawn omnibus for tourists in Antwerp in 2005
Car Ripert from 1881

Large carriages were used , that is, wagons with suspension and a hood . While Simon Kremser still used wagons with a tarpaulin as a roof, a type of car that is now called Kremser after him , most horse-drawn buses had a closed car body and glass windows. The passenger compartment usually had a longitudinal bench on both sides. Entry and exit were mostly through a rear door, often with a small platform. Quite a few horse-drawn buses were double-deckers . The benches were mounted back to back on the roof of the car. The different positions of the aisles inside and on the upper deck made it possible to save height. A small spiral staircase led to the roof of the car.

Even on buses without passengers on the upper deck, the driver's seat was often on the roof. In the regular service, the horse-drawn buses were mostly driven as single or two-horse vehicles.

The Cars Ripert , which were widespread in France from the 1870s, looked like horse-drawn tram cars with platforms open at both ends. They also found buyers in Spain, Belgium and Switzerland.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Horse omnibus  collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Horse omnibus  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. a b Post in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  2. a b c Stellwagen in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  3. ^ Landkutsche in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  4. wage cars in Vienna History Wiki of the city of Vienna
  5. ^ Social car in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  6. Omnibus in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  7. ^ Ulrich Werner Grimm : Simon Kremser. A name becomes a legend . Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-938485-28-6 ( Jewish miniatures 40).
  8. Ulrich Werner Grimm : Simon Kremser - legend and lived life . In: Berlinische monthly 9/1995 at the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein , pp. 14-25.
  9. Simon Kremser currently . Text agency Grimm.
  10. Ville de Nantes: Nantes, capitale des transports en commun
  11. ^ The Proceedings of the Old Bailey ...: Transport: Horse-Drawn Coaches and Omnibuses
  12. ^ New York Transit Museum: History of Public Transportation in New York City
  13. Elfi Bendikat: Local Public Transport Policy in Berlin and Paris 1839 to 1914 (Walter de Gruyter), page 103
  14. Cecilengarten Berlin: time frame (to Henoch's bus line)
  15. Omnibus-Condukteur , accessed on May 6, 2014