Gyálarét
| Gyálarét | |||||
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Southern Great Plain | ||||
| County : | Csongrád-Csanád | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Szeged | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 12 ′ N , 20 ° 6 ′ E | ||||
| Residents : | 1,268 (2003) | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 62 | ||||
| Postal code : | 6757 | ||||
| Structure and administration | |||||
| Community type : | district | ||||
Gyálarét is part of the city of Szeged in the Csongrád-Csanád county in Hungary . In the formerly independent municipality , the lowest place in the country is located at an altitude of 78 m above sea level .
location
Gyálarét is located on the western bank of the Tisza in the southern district of Délikert and is about 7.5 km from the city center. The lowest point is in the Lúdvár district .
history
Early cultures
The area of today's Gyálarét was already settled in the Stone Age. The Szeged Móra Ferenc Múzeum carried out excavations in the 1960s (or according to other records in the 1970s), with traces of a 7700-7800-year-old settlement being discovered. The settlement already belongs to the Neolithic Age , which began in the Carpathian Basin with the appearance of the Körös culture and the Starčevo culture . With the help of radiocarbon dating , finds at the Gyálarét-Szilágyi homestead were dated to 7090 ± 80 BP.
The population at that time consisted of the Körös and Starčevo cultures as well as the Mesolithic hunters and gatherers who lived there. The oldest finds of the Körös culture from around 5140 BC were made in the area. Discovered. The Stone Age finds include a four-centimeter cult statuette , the so-called Lúdvári Vénusz . It is currently (2008) in the Tornyai János Múzeum in Hódmezővásárhely .
Middle Ages and Modern Times
The name Gyála was first mentioned in 1411. The place was destroyed in the 16th century and finally settled again in 1647. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Venetian-Austrian Turkish War at the beginning of the 18th century, the place was under the rule of the Habsburgs. The population consisted largely of Serbs .
19th century
During the revolutionary times of 1848 and 1849 there was also fighting in Gyálarét:
- “ The memory of the successful battle of Gyálarét (March 26, 1849), when Hungarians confiscated many weapons and wagons and took 30 prisoners after a two-hour battle against Serbs still lived in the memories of the manors. "
- "A tanyák népének emlékezetében még élt a sikeres gyálaréti csata (1849. március 26.), amikor a magyarok a szerbekkel szemben kétórai heves harc után rengeteg fegyvert, társzekeret is ejtette elkot és 30oztak."
The former kuk Oberleutnant Sándor Igmándy led the Hungarian troops there from 1848 to 1849. After the struggle for freedom he headed the audit office in Somogy County , where he died on July 13, 1877 in Kaposvár .
In the 1850s, the Tisza was diverted as part of a regulation so that the Gyála was no longer separated from the rét ("meadow or meadow"). Thus arose Altwasserbereich Gyálaréti-Holt Tisza .
20th century
With the Treaty of Trianon , the Tisza became a border river in this part of the country. The inner part of Gyála belonged to Serbia , Nagyrét, consisting of Fehérpart, Szilágy and Lúdvár on the other side of the river remained Hungarian. As part of later land reforms , these areas were divided into smaller units. At the Szilágyi farmstead, impoverished farmers and workers in Szeged and the surrounding area began to build a new settlement.
Gyála belonged to Csanád, Arad and Torontál County (see: historical county ), which was restructured in 1923. Torontál was then part of Romania.
In 1946 the place was named Gyálarét. and was part of Csanád County until 1950 . With the county reform in 1950, Gyálarét was annexed to the Csongrád county together with the Szeged district.
The figure shows the boundaries of the former counties:
- Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun
- Csanád, Arad és Torontál 1923–1945
- today's county boundaries
- County boundaries dissolved in 1914
On July 16, 1972, Gyálarét and Röszke became a border guard. In 1973 it was annexed to Szeged like many other parishes.
The Culture House
The culture center in Gyálarét belongs to the Móricz Zsigmond Művelődési Ház (“ Zsigmond Móricz Culture House”) in Szeged-Szentmihály. It is located on the main square of the community and housed the local school until 1985.
The residents converted the building, which was in a very poor condition, into a cultural center. Except for the floor plan, all parts of the building, the power supply and the furnishings were renewed. It was completed in 2004.
population
According to the 2001 census, 1,123 lived in 389 houses. The so-called Gyálaréti kiskertek ("allotment gardens Gyálarét"), where 140 residents lived in a further 95 houses and 12 manors, also belong to the settlement . The total population consisted of 1268 people.
Others
Gyálarét is also called Szárízék village by the older villagers . The name has its origins in the fact that the inhabitants used corn stalks ( szárízék ) to build fences around their houses.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Péter László, Röszke földje és népe. Szeged 1996. 20. o. (PDF; 1.4 MB)
- ↑ trough Mayer Ottó, Élet és Tudomány, 1977. nov. 18., 1471-1472 o.
- ↑ Péter László, Röszke földje és népe. Szeged 1996. 152. o. (PDF; 1.4 MB)
- ↑ Helységnévtár 2006, a KSH portálján
- ↑ portal.ksh.hu
swell
- Máté-Tóth, Andrásné: Gyálarét társadalma . Bába és Tsa, Szeged, ISBN 963-7337-52-0 (Hungarian).
- Bálint, Sándor: A szögedi nemzet . A szögedi nagytáj népélete I. In: A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve 1974-75 / 2 . Bába és Tsa, Szeged 1976, ISBN 963-7337-52-0 (Hungarian).
- Reizner, János: Szeged Története I-IV. In: A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve 1974-75 / 2 . Bába és Tsa, Szeged 1899, ISBN 963-7337-52-0 (Hungarian).
- Dombai, Tünde: Gyálánál van az ország legmélyebb pontja. Délmagyar, November 24, 2007; accessed November 28, 2008 (Hungarian).
- Röszke földje és népe. (pdf; 1.4 MB) Péter, László, October 12, 1997, p. 312 , accessed on November 28, 2008 (Hungarian).
- Gyálarét története. Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, accessed November 28, 2008 (Hungarian).