Dositej Obradović

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dositej Obradović
Dositej Obradović

Dositej Obradović ( Serbian : Доситеј Обрадовић) (* around 1739 as Dimitrije in Čakovo ( Banat ); † April 7, 1811 in Belgrade ) was a Serbian writer, philosopher, educator, educator and founder of the University of Belgrade . He was one of the most notable and influential figures of the Serbian people in the 18th and early 19th centuries.

Life

As a young man, Dimitrije Obradović went to the Orthodox Novo Hopovo monastery to become a monk. He took the name Dositej (Dositheus). There he came to the realization, as he later wrote, that life in the monastery was not the true destiny he was looking for, and he left it after three years. He began to travel the world and studied at German universities. As a teacher he traveled to Europe and Asia Minor. For three years he studied philosophy and Greek in the school of Hierotheos Dendrinos in the Ottoman Empire in Smyrna ( İzmir ). He stayed in Vienna for six years, studying the German language and culture. He then worked as a language teacher in Vojvodina and Moldova . He later enrolled at the University of Halle to continue his philosophical studies in the Francke Foundations . Only then did he take off his monk's robe forever. He continued his studies in Leipzig . Here he also began his writing activity. In 1783 he published his first book Život i priključenija ( Eng . Life and Adventure) in Leipzig . Thereupon his travels took him to England and France, which he reported in a letter novel, which he added to his "Fables" in 1788. In 1804 he created the later Serbian national anthem Vostani Serbije . In 1811 he became the first 'education minister' in Serbia .

Dositej Obradović brought knowledge and ideas to the people and wanted to enlighten them. He advocated the use of the vernacular in literature and the liberation of women from a submissive position. However, he himself only used a variety adapted to the Serbian bourgeois colloquial language of the Banat in “Life and Adventure” and later returned more strongly to Slavic Serbian (Neweklowsky 1998, 10).

The monument to Dositej Obradović was unveiled in Belgrade in 1914.

His most important works are: "Life and Adventure", "Fables" and "Advice from Common Sense". Today “Life and Adventure” is perceived as one book together with the letters originally published in “Fables” (Fischer 2007, 265).

The Serbian parliament declares 2007 to be the year of Dositej Obradović, since Obradović had 'returned' to Serbia 200 years ago (although it was not actually a question of a return, since he was not born and raised in Serbia but in Banat (Fischer 2007 , 180)).

Works

  • Život ”i priključenïja Dimitria Obradoviča, narečenoga u kaludjerstvu Dosithea: nim 'istim” spisat' i izdat '. Prva čast ' . U Laipsiku: u tipografii Braitkopfa, 1783.
  • Ezopove i pročih ”raznih” basnotvorcev, s ”različni ezika na slavenoserbski ezik” prevedene, sad ”prvi red” s ”naravoučitelnimi poleznimi izjasněniami i nastavlěniami serbskoj junosti posvećene Basne . 1 ed.U Lajpsiku: Breitkopff, 1788.
  • Pěsna na insurrekciju Serbianov ”, Serbii i chrabrym” Eja Vitezovom ”i čadom”, i bogopomagaemomu i ”Voevodi Gospodinu Georgiju Petroviču posvećena, D. Obradovičem . Venice, 1804.
  • Pěsna o izbavleniju Serbie. Sočineno v ”Bělegradě . St. Petersburg, 1806.

In translation

  • Fragments from the autobiography of D. Obradović. Translated by Bartholomäus Kopitar. ( Barth. Kopitar's smaller writings on linguistic, historical, ethnographic and legal historical content ). Ed. Miss Miklosich. Vienna: Friedrich Beck's Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1857. 49–56.
  • Complete excerpt from the Serbian autobiography of Demetrius Obradović (known as Kalugjer Dositheus), an Austrian Illyrier. A contribution to human, ethnology and regional studies . Vienna: Beck, 1857.
  • Complete excerpt from the Serbian autobiography of Demetrius Obradović (known as Kalugjer Dositheus), an Austrian Illyrier. A contribution to human, ethnology and regional studies. In: Archives for Geography, History, State and War Art 2 (1811): 267-72.
  • The Life and Adventures of Dimitrije Obradović . University of California Publications in Modern Philology 39. Berkeley; Los Angeles, 1953.
  • Vie et aventures . Bibliothèque l'age d'homme. Classiques slaves. Lausanne: L'Age d'homme, 1991.

See also

literature

  • Iduć uči, u vekove gleda . Program obeležavanja 250. godišnjice rođenja Dositeja Obradovića. Književne Novine, Beograd 1989.
  • Milutin S. Tasić: Dositej Obradović . (Translated from Katarina Bles). NIL, Beograd 1994.
  • Gerhard Neweklowsky: Dositej Obradović - Life and Adventure . Verl. D. Austrian Akad. D. Wiss., Vienna 1998.
  • Petar Pijanović: Život i delo Dositeja Obradovića . Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd 2000.
  • Wladimir Fischer: Creating a National Hero: The Changing Symbolics of Dositej Obradović . In: Identity - Culture - Space. Turia + Kant, Vienna 2001.
  • Wladimir Fischer: "Asleep I dreamed that I was wearing harem pants". Dositej Obradović and the Serbian intellectual history as "Créolité" . In: The Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy. Oldenbourg, Vienna 2005.
  • Wladimir Fischer: Dositej Obradović as a bourgeois cultural hero. On the formation of a Serbian bourgeois self-image through literary communication 1783–1845 (= Olga Katsiardi-Hering, Max Demeter Peyfuss, Maria Stassinopoulou [ed.]: Studies on the history of Southeast Europe . No. 16 ). Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt / M. 2007, ISBN 978-3-631-54214-9 .
  • Grbic. Dragana: Preliminary decisions . Halle-Leipzig. Turning point in the life of Dositej Obradovic. Halle: Seminar for Slavic Studies at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Dositej Obradović  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Little Encyclopedia . Encyclios-Verlag, Zurich 1950, Volume 2, p. 274
  2. ^ GP Henderson: The revival of Greek thought. 1620-1830 . Albany NY 1970.
personal data
SURNAME Obradović, Dositej
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Obradović, Dimitrije
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Serbian writer, philosopher, educator and educator
DATE OF BIRTH around 1739
PLACE OF BIRTH Ciacova
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1811
Place of death Belgrade