Ciacova
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Ciacova Tschakowa Csák Čakovo / Чаково |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Timiș | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 31 ' N , 21 ° 8' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Height : | 83 m | ||||
| Area : | 122.65 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 5,348 (October 20, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 44 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Postal code : | 307110 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | ||||
| License plate : | TM | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2016) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Structure : | 4 districts / cadastral communities: Cebza , Macedonia , Obad , Petroman | ||||
| Mayor : | Petru Filip ( PNL ) | ||||
| Postal address : | Piața Cetății, no. 8 loc. Ciacova, jud. Timiș, RO-307110 |
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| Website : | |||||
Ciacova ( German Tschakowa , Hungarian Csák , Serbian Čakovo / Чаково ) is a city in Timiș County , Banat , Romania .
Geographical location
The city is located 28 kilometers southwest of Timișoara , on the left bank of the Old Temesch .
Neighboring places
| Peciu Nou | Parța | Jebel |
| Foeni |
.svg)
|
Tormac |
| Giera | Ghilad | Voiteg |
Place names
Over the centuries, the spelling of the place name was quite different: Chaak, Chaac, Czokoa, Czokoan, Czakona, Czakova, Zakovia, Zakovar, Schakowan, Csák, Csakóvár and Csákova . The first known German name Tschakowa comes from the year 1786. The Romanian place name is Ciacova.
history
The place was first mentioned in 1220 under the name Chaak , when there was a fortified castle here. The Kula , the symbol of Ciacova, is a tower, a remnant of this medieval fortified castle . Initially the place was inhabited exclusively by Romanians and Serbs. The first Germans came to Ciacova in 1716. The first school was built in 1728 and the Roman Catholic Church in 1732. Ciacova received its first pharmacy in 1795, the agriculture school in 1885 and the Notre-Dame school sisters established the denominational girls' school in 1895 .
On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Ciacova also belonged, fell to Romania. In 1923 the Romanian high school "Alexandru Mocioni" was built in the building of the monastery school, which in 1955 was converted into the "Theoretical Lyceum Tschakowa".
Before the end of the war, in January 1945, 131 people of German origin (72 men and 59 women) were deported from Ciacova to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work , of which 20 did not return. The land reform law of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of Ciacova of their livelihood. The nationalization law of June 11, 1948 in Romania provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, whereby all commercial enterprises were expropriated, regardless of the national affiliation of the owners. Ciacova was deported to the Bărăgan steppe in 1951 : 59 people were deported, 4 did not return. When the Bărăgan displaced people returned home in 1956, they got back the houses and farms that had been expropriated in 1945, but the land ownership was collectivized .
economy
Since the Middle Ages, livestock has been farmed in and around Chakowa. The Chakowa cattle markets were known far and wide. After the settlement of German farmers and craftsmen in the 18th century, more and more arable farming was practiced in addition to cattle breeding. Due to the weekly markets and five annual markets, there were 20 restaurants and one hotel in Tschakowa. The proportion of the German population in Ciacova was 50%.
Social station
In the 1990s, the parish priest was in Ciacova, thanks to the efforts Georg Kobor a charity set up -Station which both public conveniences like the old people's home in Ciacova , the children's home in Ulmbach , the orphanage in Varadia that Nervevklink in Jebel , as well as people in need Food, medicine, clothing supports. The Caritas Association St. Gerhard Ciacova itself operates a nursing home, a children's home, the medical treatment center, a clothes closet and a furniture store, the soup kitchen and the bakery as well as the farm in Petroman with pig breeding and butchery.
In the medical treatment center, which is equipped with state-of-the-art medical apparatus, doctors from different specialties have consultation hours on certain days of the week.
The construction and operation of these Caritas Ciacova facilities is done with great support from St. Clemens Hospitale Sterkrade . Its technical director Hans Rosenkranz has led more than 40 truck convoys from Oberhausen to Ciacova.
Residents
The 2002 census showed a population of 7282 people. In 2007 there were still 5006 people living in the city. The significant decline in population is mainly due to the spin-off of the newly created community of Ghilad with the village of Gad in April 2004.
Demographics
| count | nationality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | population | Romanians | German | Hungary | Roma | Serbs | Slovaks | other |
| 1880 | 12,960 | 7,611 | 3,166 | 762 | - | 1,328 | 24 | 69 |
| 1900 | 15,562 | 8,529 | 4,009 | 1,586 | - | 1,212 | 35 | 191 |
| 1930 | 13,566 | 8,289 | 2,666 | 1,409 | 288 | 744 | 20th | 150 |
| 1977 | 9,952 | 7.111 | 1,047 | 987 | 392 | 355 | 2 | 58 |
| 1992 | 7,457 | 5,802 | 304 | 709 | 398 | 195 | 2 | 47 |
| 2002 | 7,282 | 5,853 | 193 | 620 | 424 | 139 | ? | 53 |
| 2011 | 5,348 | 4,266 | 88 | 333 | 229 | 66 | - | 366 |
Twin cities
Ciacova maintains a partnership relationship with the French city of Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière and the Italian city of Masi Torello .
See also
literature
- Wilhelm Josef Merschdorf: Tschakowa. Market town in the Banat. Monograph and homeland book. Augsburg, 1997
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
- ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
- ↑ Kulturraum-banat.de , Tschakowa
- ↑ a b clemenshospitale.de ( Memento from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), On the way to Jebel and Ciacova. An aid project for Romania .
- ↑ Legea no. 84/2004, on April 5, 2004 from lege5.ro accessed on January 31, 2016 (Romanian)
- ↑ Varga E. Census data for Timiş county 1880 - 1992 (PDF; 897 kB)
