Zápolya
Zápolya or Zapola, Zapolski or Szapolyai is the name of a medieval Hungarian magnate BadS the Hereditary Count of Zips ( "perpetuus comes de Szepus") in Upper Hungary , presumably Slavonian origin. The historian Miklós Istvánffy writes in his work Historiarum de rebus hungaricis libri 34 about a village called Zápolya, near the city of Čazma in today's Croatia , which was destroyed by the Turks. Today it is believed that it is the place Zapolje in what was then Požega County . Johann Zápolya was enfeoffed with the Transylvania Voivodeship by Vladislav II , King of Bohemia and Hungary , in 1511 and was King of Hungary, Dalmatia and Croatia from 1526 to 1540 . His son Johann Sigismund Zápolya received from Emperor Ferdinand I in 1551 in his capacity as King of Bohemia the Bohemian enfeoffment with the Silesian duchies of Opole and Ratibor after the renunciation of Transylvania and the Hungarian royal dignity. In 1556 he was again King of Hungary and master of Transylvania under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottomans . In 1570 he was recognized by Emperor Ferdinand I as Prince of Transylvania, renouncing the Hungarian title again.
The family died out in 1571 with Johann II Sigismund Zapolya.
coat of arms
- Zapolya family coat of arms: a growing natural wolf from a three-part shrub, top right with a silver crescent with the tip turned downwards, top left with a five or six-pointed golden star. Motto: SIC FATA FULLY. Abbreviated "SFV" on Transylvanian coins (see: Adolf Resch: Transylvania coins and medals, Hermannstadt 1908, pp. 6–17, panels 1 to 4)
- Royal coat of arms: quartered, the first field also quartered. therein 1. Zapolya (family coat of arms), 2. the patriarchal cross on a mountain of three, 3. divided seven times (old Hungary) and 4. a unicorn; in the second main field the Polish eagle, in the third the Milanese snake and in the fourth the three Dalmatian crowned panther or lion heads.
Well-known members of the Zápolya:
- Emmerich Zápolya, († 1487), Palatine of Hungary
- Stephan Zápolya (? –1499), Hungarian magnate , governor of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus in Silesia , Lusatia and Austria , Palatine of Hungary ;
- Johann Zápolya (1487–1540), son of Stephan Zápolya, Hungarian magnate, ruler of Transylvania , from 1526 King of Hungary;
- Barbara Zápolya (1495–1515), daughter of Stephan Zápolya, from 1512 Queen of Poland , Grand Duchess of Lithuania ;
- Johann Sigismund Zápolya (1540–1571), son of Johann Zápolya, Hungarian magnate, from 1540 to 1570 King of Hungary, from 1570 first prince of Transylvania.
literature
- Caspar Ursinus Velius : De Bello Pannonico. 1762.
- Ludwig Albrecht Gebhardi: History of the Grand Duchy of Transylvania and the kingdoms of Gallizien, Lodomeria and Rothreussen. Verlag Josef Leyrer, Pesth 1808.
- Wlodzimierz Dworzaczek: Genealogia. Warsaw 1959, plate 85.
- Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian noble families. Supplementary volume, edited by the board of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) Research Center for the Bohemian Lands. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-486-54051-3 , pp. 158 and 159, Zapolya, Zapola, Zapolsky, Szapolyai with a sequence overview
- Procházka novel : Princely titles and dignities in the historical lands of the Bohemian crown. In: Adler. Jubilee Volume Vienna 1970, p. 194.
- Archive for Austrian History , Volume LXXV: The Acquisitions of Transylvania by Emperor Ferdinand I in 1551.
- Hans-Joachim Böttcher : The Turkish Wars in the Mirror of Saxon Biographies , Gabriele Schäfer Verlag, Herne 2019, ISBN 978-3-944487-63-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Humana Hungarica 05.
- ↑ In Hungarian , the ending i is used as a possessive suffix (possessive ending). For Johann Zápolyai the translation would be something like: "Johann from the Zápolya family".