Sámuel Aba
Paladin Sámuel Aba [ ˈʃaːmuɛl ˈɒbɒ ] ( Hungarian : Aba Sámuel ) (* around 990 ; † July 5, 1044 , near Füzesabony ) was King of Hungary from 1041 to 1044 and thus successor to Peter Orseolo . He was the son of Sarolta (sometimes Zarolta), the youngest sister I. Stephen .
Sámuel was a descendant of Eödömér, a tribal leader from the times when the Magyars settled in the Carpathian arch . He was also the brother-in-law of Stephen I , on which Sámuel's claims to the Hungarian throne were based.
At the end of the thirties of the 11th century, Sámuel Aba led circles who drove King Peter Orseolo from the throne and flee to the German King Heinrich III. forced. Sámuel Aba became the new king and tried to attract the public to his side by significantly lowering taxes. Because of this and the fact that paganism experienced a new upswing under his rule, he came into conflict with the church, especially with Bishop Gerhard von Csanád , who publicly reprimanded him for the numerous murders of his opponents. The nobility also increasingly moved away from the king, as Sámuel Aba restricted his supremacy over the lower classes of society.
In February 1042, Sámuel Aba attacked the Eastern March (Marcha Orientalis) and the Carantanian March . At the same time as the army advancing south of the Danube under Aba's leadership, he also sent an army north of the Danube. The southern army advanced as far as the Traisen and then returned home via Tulln with large booty. The army advancing north of the Danube was defeated by Margrave Adalbert the Victorious and his son Luitpold. Thereupon King Heinrich III urged. together with Peter Orseolo, Duke Břetislav I of Bohemia and Margrave Adalbert in Hungary. They took the urbs Heimenburc ( Hainburg ) , which was built around 1020 and conquered by the Hungarians around 1030, and destroyed it. Then they advanced on the northern bank of the Danube and took Pressburg (Hungarian: Pozsony ) and were even able to advance to Gran (Hungarian: Esztergom ). A number of castles were conquered and given to Bela, a nephew of King Stephen.
When a year later, in 1043, Henry III. again led a campaign against Hungary and reached the Raab , he was able to force a peace treaty. The area between Fischa and Leitha , which was ceded to the Hungarians in 1030, fell back to the empire. In the east of the Ostmark, only the so-called Hungarian Mark , also Neumark , was established and Luitpold was appointed as margrave. However, he died shortly afterwards, a few days after his marriage to Agnes of Poitou and Aquitaine .
However, conflicts increased within Hungarian society. Most of the nobles rose against Sámuel Aba and supported Peter as king. To take advantage of this, Heinrich III. again to war against Hungary. He defeated the Hungarian army in the Battle of Menfö on July 5, 1044, and Peter Orseolo was briefly restored to the Hungarian throne. Sámuel Aba, on the other hand, was captured and executed.
His body rests in the monastery of Abasár (then: Sár ), which Sámuel himself had built.
literature
- Európa uralkodói . Maecenas Verlag, 1999, ISBN 963-645-053-6 , Hungarian version by Péter Tamáska
- Thomas von Bogyay: Aba, Samuel , in: Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas . Volume 1. Munich 1974, p. 1
- Aba. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 1, Leipzig 1732, columns 1-32.
Web links
- Sámuel Aba , in: A Pallas Nagy Lexikona (Hungarian)
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Peter Orseolo |
King of Hungary 1041-1044 |
Peter Orseolo |
Palatine Hill of Hungary before 1041 |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Sámuel Aba |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Aba Sámuel (Hungarian) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | King of Hungary |
DATE OF BIRTH | around 990 |
DATE OF DEATH | July 5, 1044 |
Place of death | at Füzesabony |