Peter Orseolo

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Enthronement of King Peter I by the German King Heinrich III. in 1044 ( Hungarian illustrated chronicle , 14th century)
Peter Orseolo, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber after a drawing by Moritz von Schwind ca.1828

Peter Orseolo (also Urseolo; * approx. 1008; † 1046 ) was the second king of Hungary . He ruled from 1038 to 1041 and, after a three-year hiatus, from 1044 to 1046. Peter was the son of the Doge of Venice , Ottone Orseolo , and a daughter of the Grand Duke Géza of Hungary, Marie of Hungary . Peter is buried in Fünfkirchen (Pécs).

Life

Orseolo came from an influential tribunician Venetian patrician family . After his father was expelled from Venice in 1026, Peter Orseolo, his mother and sister were accepted by his uncle Stephan I in Hungary . The young man received a careful education. He was considered smart, eager to learn and daring. The clergy, the Italian and the German feudalists trusted him as a prince of western origin. But many Hungarians distrusted him for the same reasons.

Stephan I designated him as heir to the throne in 1031 after the death of his son and rightful heir to the throne Emmerich (Imre) . In 1038 Peter followed Stephan I as the second king of Hungary.

In terms of foreign policy, Peter I. Orseolo supported Bohemia in the west against Emperor Heinrich III. and even fell 1039/40 in the Bavarian Avar one; he was allied with Croatia and Venice and gave Casimir I of Poland asylum; in the east he waged war against Byzantine Bulgaria in 1040 .

Domestically, he turned the nobility and the church against him through economic pressure, persecution, and arbitrary dismissals and appointments of bishops. In addition, he came into conflict with national-Hungarian circles because of the unworthy treatment of Queen Gisela , the widow of the late Stephen I, and because of his foreign origins. Under the leadership of the pagan nobleman Sámuel Aba , there was a revolt in 1041, which drove Peter Orseolo from the throne. Sámuel Aba the son of Sarolta, the youngest sister of King Stephen, was crowned king.

At the instigation of Peter's brother-in-law, Margrave Adalbert I of Austria, Heinrich III fell. in Hungary, defeated King Sámuel Aba in the Battle of Menfö in 1044 and reinstated the expelled Peter I as his vassal . Since Peter only ruled with the help of a massive Bavarian and Bohemian presence, the pagan nobles called back the Árpáden Andreas and Levente from Rus to the country in 1046 . Peter I was captured and blinded along with his sons . He died a little later from his injuries. The rule now came to Andreas , who was a second nephew of Stephan I.

According to a legend, Peter Orseolo was married to Judith von Schweinfurt , Duchess of Bohemia, but this cannot be historically correct because he died in 1046/7 and Judith von Schweinfurt was only expelled from Bohemia by her son in 1055 after the death of her husband and in Hungary sought refuge.

literature

predecessor Office successor
Stephan I.
Sámuel Aba 		King of Hungary
1038-1041
1044-1046 		Sámuel Aba
Andreas I.
personal data
SURNAME Peter Orseolo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Peter I.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION second king of Hungary
DATE OF BIRTH around 1008
DATE OF DEATH 1046