Moritz von Schwind

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Moritz von Schwind, around 1860
Signature Moritz von Schwind.JPG
Moritz von Schwind, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber , 1827
The Moritz von Schwind House in Frankfurt, Bockenheimer Anlage 3
Self-portrait from 1822
The Moritz von Schwind memorial plaque in bronze inaugurated in 1967 at the Moritz von Schwind House, Frankfurt, Bockenheimer Anlage 3, designed by Knud Knudsen
Grave of Moritz von Schwind in the old southern cemetery in Munich

Moritz Ludwig von Schwind (born January 21, 1804 in Vienna , † February 8, 1871 in Niederpöcking , Kingdom of Bavaria ) was an Austrian painter and draftsman of the late Romantic period .

Life

Origin and studies

His parents were Franz Edler von Schwind (1752-1818) and his wife Franziska von Holzmeister (1771-1842), a daughter of Hofrat August Holzmeister von Forstheim (1742-1806), who had been Austrian nobility since 1799, and since 1803 with distinction "From Forstheim". His father came from Bohemia, was court secretary at the secret court chancellery and was made an imperial knight in 1792 . Moritz von Schwind had five brothers, including: the Austro-Hungarian Council of State Baron August von Schwind (1800–1892) and the Bergrat Franz von Schwind (1806–1877). His grandson, the opera singer Wolfgang von Schwind , was the son of Hermann von Schwind.

He first attended the Schottengymnasium in Vienna, where Nikolaus Lenau and Eduard von Bauernfeld were classmates, and then began studying at the university. Actually he should have become a civil servant like his father, but from 1821 he studied with Johann Peter Krafft and Ludwig Ferdinand Schnorr von Carolsfeld at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna . During his time in Vienna he was friends with Franz Schubert , Franz von Schober , Leopold Kupelwieser and Franz Grillparzer .

Munich

In 1828, on the advice of Peter Cornelius , he moved to Munich , who gave him an order to paint the library room of the Bavarian Queen with scenes from Ludwig Tiecks poetry. After a trip to Italy in 1835, he created designs for the Munich Residence and Hohenschwangau Castle , the latter showing scenes from the life of Charlemagne , implemented by Franz Xaver Glink . Orders from Saxony and Baden followed and made him known.

Karlsruhe and Frankfurt

In the years 1840–1844 Moritz von Schwind lived and worked in Karlsruhe . Here he met his wife Luise Sachs, the daughter of a major. In the well-known picture The Honeymoon , she should be shown. Other sources name Ms. von Mangstl , the opera singer he admires, as a model. In Karlsruhe he created eight round medallions for the conference room of the Karlsruhe State House and decorated the stairwell and the ground floor halls of the State Art Hall with frescoes .

From 1844 to 1847 he worked at the Städelschule in Frankfurt . There he had the Moritz von Schwind House built in the Bockenheimer Anlage in 1845 , a villa of his own design in the form of romantic classicism. The parapet fields are decorated with terracottas of our own design.

Further stations

In 1847 he became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich . Teaching assignments in Frankfurt am Main and Munich were followed by Franz von Schober 's commission from the Hereditary Grand Duke of Weimar to paint the restored Wartburg near Eisenach . The murals on the Wartburg, created in 1854/55 - for example the "Singers' War" - are among his most famous works. The paintings show moments from Thuringian history, especially the life of Elisabeth of Thuringia . In 1855 he was knighted together with his brothers August (Ministerialrat) and Franz (Bergrat). He was able to export his cardboard boxes to Glasgow and London.

In 1866/67 he worked on the painting of the newly built Vienna Court Opera in the so-called “Schwind Foyer”. In the loggia there are frescoes by Schwind depicting scenes from Mozart's “Magic Flute” , in the foyer there are frescoes from works by other composers. Schwind's late work, the “Melusinen Cycle”, was intended to decorate a round temple and was completed six months before his death. These pictures are exhibited in the Austrian Gallery.

family

He married Luise Sachs (1816-1894), a daughter of the Baden major Wilhelm Sachs († 1841) and Friederike Elise Weiss, in Beuern near Baden-Baden in 1842 . The couple had a son and five daughters, two of whom died early, but survived:

  • Hermann (July 6, 1843 - July 20, 1906) ∞ Karoline Haas (November 5, 1856 - November 1, 1928)
  • Anna (1844–1891) ∞ Johann Jacob Siebert, Dr. iur.
  • Marie (* 1847) ∞ Ferdinand Baurnfeind (1829–1895), Dr. med.
  • Helene (1855–1949) ∞ Paul von Ravenstein (1854–1938), painter, professor

tomb

Moritz Schwind's grave is located in the Old Southern Cemetery in Munich (Gräberfeld 16 - Row 9 - Platz 43/44; ⊙ ).

plant

Genoveva in the wild

Moritz von Schwind, who, under the influence of Peter von Cornelius and his monumental style, found a style characterized by generosity and few figures, was next to Carl Spitzweg the most important and most popular painter of the German late Romantic period . His pictures on topics from German sagas and fairy tales are popular and poetic. In addition to oil painting, he also created significant things in fresco painting and book illustration. He also created many templates for the Munich picture sheets . His art, like that of Carl Spitzweg, is nationally limited. In a fire on June 6, 1931 in the Munich Glass Palace , over 3,000 paintings were destroyed during an art exhibition. Among them were works of art by Schwind, u. a. the painting Knight on a Night Voyage from 1851 .

Honors

Erlkönig , around 1830

The Schwindstraße in Frankfurt is named after Moritz von Schwind, just a street of the same name in the district List, the painter district of Hanover , and one is in Munich, Maxvorstadt, in the Academy of Fine Arts. In 1874 the Schwindgasse in Vienna- Wieden (4th district) was named after him. In Niederpöcking there is the Moritz-von-Schwind-Weg . His name was chiseled in his honor at the end of the 1890s on the east side of the Düsseldorf Art Academy , on the right side above the main entrance between Cornelius and Kaulbach . A monument in Vienna created in 1909 by Othmar Schimkowitz was destroyed in 1945 and has not been restored since then. His monument from 1893 on Munich's Praterinsel is to be returned to its old location after the facility was destroyed in World War II.

List of selected works

The Singers' War , Wartburg
The Honeymoon , 1867, 52 × 41 cm, oil on wood, Schack-Galerie , Munich
Schubert lunette in the Vienna Court Opera (1869). You can see motifs from works by Schubert: Erlkönig , The Wanderer , The Domestic War , Diana , The Fisherman
Schubertiade , known under the title A Schubert Evening with Josef [Ritter] von Spaun . Sepia drawing, around 1868, Wien Museum , Vienna
Franz Lachner , Franz Schubert and Eduard von Bauernfeld at the Heurigen , (sketch, 1862).
Emperor Maximilian I in Martinswand , around 1860, Österreichische Galerie Belvedere , Vienna
  • The bread cutter ( Österreichische Galerie Belvedere , Vienna), 1823, oil on canvas
  • Chivalrous lovers (Wuppertal, Von der Heydt-Museum), around 1824, oil on wood, 40 × 33 cm
  • Adam's Sleep (Halle an der Saale, Moritzburg Foundation , Art Museum of the State of Saxony-Anhalt), around 1824, watercolor and pen, heightened with gold, 42.7 × 33.5 cm.
  • The Erlkönig ( Österreichische Galerie Belvedere , Vienna), around 1830, oil on panel
  • Frescoes in the Munich Residence , 1832–36
  • Inauguration of the Freiburg Minster (Karlsruhe, Staatliche Kunsthalle ), 1836–38
  • Allegorical frescoes (Vienna, staircase of the Wertheimstein Villa), 1840
  • Mermaids watering a deer (Munich, Schack-Galerie ), around 1846, oil on canvas, 69 × 40 cm
  • Spielmann und Einsiedler (Munich, Neue Pinakothek ), around 1846, oil on cardboard, 61 × 46 cm
  • Rose (Berlin, Nationalgalerie), 1847, oil on canvas, 216 × 137 cm
  • The ride of Kunos von Falkenstein (Leipzig, Museum of Fine Arts), around 1850–80, oil on canvas
  • Nocturnal duel at a garden gate (Munich, Schack-Galerie), around 1850–60, oil on canvas, 57 × 35 cm
  • Symphony (Munich, Neue Pinakothek), 1852, oil on canvas, 166 × 98 cm
  • Frescoes on the Wartburg, including Der Sängerkrieg (Wartburg bei Eisenach), 1853–55
  • Charlemagne crowned emperor (lithograph 1856, pictures on German history)
  • Emperor Rudolf's ride to the grave (Kiel, Kunsthalle), 1857, oil on canvas, 150 × 295 cm
  • The Seven Ravens and the Faithful Sister (Weimar), 1857–58, series of watercolors
  • The morning hour (Munich, Pinakothek der Moderne, Schack-Galerie), around 1860, oil on wood, 34 × 40 cm
  • same subject in a similar design: The Morning Hour , Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
  • Rübezahl (Munich, Schack-Galerie), 1859, oil on canvas
  • Farewell at daybreak (Berlin, Nationalgalerie ), 1859, oil on cardboard, 36 × 24 cm
  • In the artist's house (Munich, Schack-Galerie ), around 1860, oil on canvas, 71 × 51 cm
  • Emperor Maximilian I in Martinswand ( Österreichische Galerie Belvedere , Vienna), around 1860, oil on canvas
  • Apse frescoes and stations of the cross (parish church St. Nikolaus, Bad Reichenhall ), 1863
  • Frescoes, ceiling paintings and wall paintings (Vienna, State Opera), 1864–67
  • The Honeymoon (Munich, Schack-Galerie), 1867, oil on panel, 52 × 41 cm
  • Frescoes Amor and Psyche ( Schwind Pavilion in Rüdigsdorf , Kohren-Sahlis )

literature

Web links

Commons : Moritz von Schwind  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Moritz von Schwind  - Sources and full texts

Illustrations by Moritz von Schwind

References and comments

  1. ^ Memorial to Moritz von Schwind by Othmar Schimkowitz , (photo), accessed October 19, 2018
  2. ↑ Schwind Memorial should be returned to Praterinsel , September 25, 2017, accessed October 19, 2018
  3. ↑ Schwinddenkmal should go back to the "Schwindinsel" , November 26, 2017, accessed October 19, 2018
  4. ↑ Motif from Schubert's song The Angry Diana (D 707)
  5. ↑ for dating see Elmar Worgull : Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller sketched Franz Schubert in the circle of friends. Iconography and compositional specifics of a unique pictorial document. In: Schubert through glasses. Announcements / International Franz Schubert Institute Vienna. Hans Schneider , Tutzing. 18 (1997), p. 113, note 39.
  6. ↑ s. this Elmar Worgull : Franz Schubert's face mask and role models in drawings Moritz von Schwind (1997) in the bibliography.
personal data
SURNAME Schwind, Moritz von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schwind, Moritz Ludwig von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian painter
DATE OF BIRTH January 21, 1804
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH February 8, 1871
Place of death Niederpöcking , Kingdom of Bavaria