Johann Peter Krafft

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann Peter Krafft, portrait by Josef Danhauser
The farewell of the militia
Manfred's hour of death
Archduke Carl in the battle of Aspern

Johann Peter Krafft (also Jean-Pierre ) (born September 15, 1780 in Hanau , Hesse , † October 28, 1856 in Vienna ) was a German genre , history and portrait painter .

Life

Johann Peter Krafft was the son of from Alsace originating Email painter Johann Ignaz Krafft and his wife Anna Katharina Magdalena Donné. His brother Joseph Krafft was also a painter, who was particularly concerned with portrait and miniature painting . Grandfather Josef Krafft was a wine merchant and landlord in Strasbourg .

Krafft attended the High State School in his hometown of Hanau and also the drawing academy there at the age of 10 (1790) . Together with his sister he was sent to his aunt in Vienna in 1799, where he immediately enrolled at the Vienna Academy in history painting with Heinrich Friedrich Füger . In 1802 he traveled to Paris with Johann Veit Schnorr von Carolsfeld to continue studying here. Here he had contact with the famous classicist history painters Jacques-Louis David and François Gérard , to whom he owed a lot artistically.

In 1805 he returned to Vienna and, on David's advice, now also devoted himself to portraiture . In 1808 and 1809 Krafft went on study trips to Italy, especially to Rome . In 1813 he became a member of the Academy in Vienna and in 1815 of the Hanau Drawing Academy. In 1815 he married Juliana Preisinger, with whom he remained married until her death in 1847. His children were the painter Marie Krafft (1812–1885), the orientalist Albrecht Krafft (1816–1847) and the portrait painter Julie Krafft (1821–1903). In 1823 he was appointed proofreader and extraordinary professor for history painting at the Vienna Academy. As such, he was already committed to nature observation instead of academic templates in the classroom.

In 1828 Krafft finally became director of the imperial picture gallery and castle captain of the Belvedere Palace in Vienna. He lived here with his family until his death. Krafft was one of the co-founders of the Wiener Kunstverein. In 1835 Krafft was appointed to the Academic Council. In the same year he made a trip to Munich and Dresden , in 1837 to Venice , where he acquired 80 paintings for the Viennese gallery, and in 1838 to Berlin , Prague and Karlstein Castle . Here he was called in as an expert on monument preservation. In 1839 he became an honorary member of the Copenhagen Academy. In the Belvedere, he made a living by having the gallery hang again and, at the end of his life, the overgrown garden repaired. Johann Peter Krafft is buried in a crypt in Vienna's central cemetery.

In 1885, Krafftgasse in Vienna- Leopoldstadt (2nd district) was named after him.

power

Johann Peter Krafft was of great importance for Austrian painting. He was a leading history and portrait painter of the classical style in Vienna, but later also had an influence on the development of genre painting in the Viennese Biedermeier period , e.g. B. through his monumental paintings The Farewell of the Landwehrmann (1813) and The Homecoming of the Landwehrmann (1820). During and immediately after the coalition wars , Krafft created important historical pictures of patriotic and patriotic content for Austria and the imperial family . These include the aforementioned two paintings with the Landwehrmann, but also the two counterparts Archduke Karl with his staff in the Battle of Aspern (1819) and The victory report from Prince Karl Philipp zu Schwarzenberg to the allied monarch Emperor Franz I of Austria, Tsar Alexander I. and King Friedrich Wilhelm III. of Prussia in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig (1817). These paintings were commissioned work for the hall of honor of the old military house for invalids in Vienna-Landstrasse . After the old Invalidenhaus was demolished due to dilapidation, the two monumental paintings were transferred to the new Invalidenhaus in Hietzing , but were too big for the building there and were therefore assigned to the Vienna Army History Museum , where they are exhibited today in the Hall of Revolutions .

In another monumental painting, Krafft tells an unproven episode from the Napoleonic wars that has nevertheless become a legend , namely "Archduke Karl with the flag of the Zach regiment at the Battle of Aspern" . When the center of the Austrian army wavered on the morning of May 22, 1809 and Napoleon ordered the breakthrough by using the French cavalry , Karl is said to have seized the flag of the 1st Battalion of the Imperial and Royal Line Infantry Regiment No. 15 "Freiherr von Zach" and be blown up towards the enemy. This enabled him to close the ranks of the tightly packed Austrian troops and to bring the center of his army forward again, which would have led to victory. Krafft deliberately chose the pose that Jacques-Louis David used in 1801 for his equestrian portrait Bonaparte crossing the Alps on the Great Saint Bernard . The painting has been the model for the equestrian monument at Vienna's Heldenplatz by Anton Dominik Fernkorn . With this, Johann Peter Krafft created, as he himself discovered, his first modern event picture.

Ultimately, Krafft also worked as a restorer in Schönbrunn Palace and the Jesuit Church in Vienna. He significantly influenced the painting of Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller .

Exhibitions

Works (excerpt)

Portrait of Maria Angelica Richter von Binnenthal
  • Oedipus and Antigone (Paris, Musée du Louvre ), 1809, oil on canvas
  • Franz Wessely (Vienna, Belvedere ), 1810, oil on canvas
  • Count Ferenc Barkóczy (Budapest, Hungarian National Museum ), 1812, oil on canvas, 190 × 127 cm
  • Archduke Carl with the flag of the Zach Regiment at the Battle of Aspern 1809 (Vienna, Heeresgeschichtliches Museum ), 1812, oil on canvas
  • Farewell to the Landwehrmann (Vienna, Belvedere ), 1813, oil on canvas
  • Maria Angelica Richter von Binnenthal (private property), 1814/15, oil on canvas, 53 × 43 cm
  • The victory report after the battle of Leipzig on October 18, 1813 (Vienna, Heeresgeschichtliches Museum), 1817, oil on canvas
  • Archduke Carl with his staff in the Battle of Aspern 1809 (Vienna, Heeresgeschichtliches Museum), 1819, oil on canvas
  • Baroness Josephine Dietrich von Landsee with her daughters (St. Pölten, Museum Niederösterreich , inv. No. 7132), 1819, oil on canvas, 199 × 149 cm
  • The Return of the Landwehrmann (Vienna, Belvedere ), 1820, oil on canvas
  • Archduke Karl with his staff in the Battle of Aspern 1809 (Vienna, Liechtenstein Museum ), 1820, oil on canvas
  • Archduke Joseph Anton, Palatine of Hungary (Vienna, Heeresgeschichtliches Museum), 1820, oil on canvas
  • Equestrian portrait of Emperor Franz I (St. Petersburg, Hermitage ), oil on canvas, 361 × 258 cm
  • The Turkish Woman - Infidelity (Vienna, Belvedere ), 1825, oil on panel
  • Manfred's Hour of Death (Vienna, Belvedere ), 1825, oil on panel
  • Emperor Franz I of Austria (Vienna, Belvedere ), around 1825, oil on paper
  • Attack by Zrinys (Budapest, Hungarian National Museum), 1825, oil on canvas, 455 × 645 cm
  • Entry of Emperor Franz I into Vienna after the Peace of Paris on June 16, 1814 (Vienna, Belvedere ), before 1828, oil on canvas
  • Marie Krafft at her desk (Vienna, Belvedere ), 1828–34, oil on canvas
  • Emperor Franz I returned to Vienna in 1814 (Vienna, Hofburg ), 1833, mural in the central hall of the Reich Chancellery wing
  • Victory report after the Battle of Leipzig (Berlin, Deutsches Historisches Museum ), 1839, oil on canvas, 192 × 268 cm
  • Rüdiger and Angelika - Scene from Ariost's Rasendem Roland (Vienna, Picture Gallery of the Academy of Fine Arts , inv.no.1459), 1842/43, oil on panel, 134 × 103 cm
  • Rudolf von Habsburg and the Priest (Vienna, Belvedere ), 1849, oil on canvas
  • Judith with the head of Holofernes (Vienna, Belvedere ), before 1951, oil on canvas

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Peter Krafft  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Marianne Frodl-Schneemann: Johann Peter Krafft 1780-1856. Monograph and directory of the paintings . Herold, Vienna 1984, p. 139 u. 143 or catalog numbers 76 (Leipzig) and 92 (Aspern).
  2. ^ Manfried Rauchsteiner , Manfred Litscher (ed.): The Army History Museum in Vienna . Graz, Vienna 2000 p. 41.
  3. ^ Johann Peter Krafft: Handwritten autobiography in the archive of the Austrian Gallery . Quoted from: Claudia Reichl-Ham: The year 1809 as reflected in the objects of the Army History Museum , in: Viribus Unitis . Annual report 2009 of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Vienna 2010, p. 108.
personal data
SURNAME Krafft, Johann Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Krafft, Jean-Pierre
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German genre, history and portrait painter
DATE OF BIRTH September 15, 1780
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanau
DATE OF DEATH October 28, 1856
Place of death Vienna