Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller

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Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller: Self-portrait at a young age , 1828, Belvedere , Vienna

Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller (born January 15, 1793 in Vienna , † August 23, 1865 in Hinterbrühl near Mödling ) was one of the most important Austrian painters of the Biedermeier period .

Life

The Expected (1860)
Katharina Waldmüller, portrayed by her brother Josef Weidner

Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller attended the Academy in Vienna irregularly between 1807 and 1813 and was a student of Hubert Maurer and Johann Baptist Lampi . In 1810 he received the Gundel Prize.

He earned his living as a miniaturist by making portraits and in 1811 he was a drawing teacher for three years in the house of Count Gyulay in Agram (Zagreb) . Here he met his first wife, the court opera singer Katharina Weidner , a sister of the portrait painter Josef Weidner , whom he married in 1814. The couple initially lived in different cities in which Katharina had received an engagement as a singer, such as Baden near Vienna, Brno and Prague . During this time, Waldmüller hired himself out as a backdrop painter at the theater. In 1817 his wife got an engagement at the Kärntnertortheater in Vienna, where Waldmüller has lived since then.

In 1818 he took lessons in oil painting from Joseph Lange and landscape painting from Johann Nepomuk Schödlberger (1779-1853) . The portraiture remained first Waldmüller's most successful division. In 1822 he exhibited portraits at the Academy in St. Anna. Commissioned by the Leipzig publisher Breitkopf & Härtel , he created one of the later best-known portraits of Ludwig van Beethoven in 1823 , which was destroyed in World War II.

In 1827 he was commissioned to portray Emperor Franz I , which increasingly earned him other commissions from aristocratic circles. Between 1825 and 1844 Waldmüller made several study trips to Italy . In 1829 he became curator of the academy's painting collection with the title and rank of professor. In 1830 he made his first trip to Paris . In the following years he created landscapes of the Salzkammergut , where he spent his summer stays in Bad Ischl , and of the Vienna Prater .

Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, lithograph by Eduard Kaiser , 1847.

In 1835 Waldmüller became a full councilor to the academy, and in 1836 he and Joseph von Führich compiled a catalog for the picture gallery. Waldmüller increasingly came into conflict with the academy because he preferred studying nature over academic copying of old masters. Metternich protected and sponsored Waldmüller, but could not prevent his reform proposals from being rejected and he initially lost his academy studio in 1850 and was suspended from his post in 1857.

In 1851 Waldmüller married the milliner Anna Bayer after his wife, who had been divorced from bed and table since 1834, had died. In 1854 Waldmüller found himself in great financial difficulties and was even forced to exhibit in his wife's fashion salon. Until that year he had also given private lessons. He was later able to celebrate international success again (1856 exhibition at Buckingham Palace in London , 1861 historical art exhibition in Cologne , 1862 international art exhibition in London) and was rehabilitated in 1864 by Emperor Franz Joseph .

The painters Hans Canon , Anton Romako and Adam Brenner are among his most important students .

Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller died at the age of 72 and was buried in the Matzleinsdorf cemetery. In 1922 his remains and his tombstone were transferred to the grave grove in Waldmüllerpark in Vienna .

Monument in the Vienna Rathauspark

Appreciation

Waldmüller was equally successful in his work in landscape painting as well as in portrait and genre painting . His pictures are still popular today, although Waldmüller is often misunderstood as a performer of Biedermeier idylls. Genre scenes from Vormärz in Vienna or pictures of children can create a harmless impression, but Waldmüller pointed to the future with his advocacy of the study of nature and open-air painting and against academic painting. He was one of the great representatives of the portrayal of reality. The representation of light became the central problem of his extensive output, which includes around 1200 paintings. Waldmüller's pictures can also be found outside Austria in numerous international galleries.

Josef Engelhart's monument, unveiled on October 1, 1913, was erected in Vienna's Rathauspark in his honor . The former Catholic cemetery of Matzleinsdorf , where Waldmüller's grave is located, was transformed into the Waldmüllerpark named after him in 1923 . A Waldmüllergasse in Vienna-Mauer was named after the painter from 1927 to 1955, and there has been a Waldmüllergasse in Vienna's 20th district since 1888 . In 1932, the Austrian Post published a stamp with a portrait of Waldmüller as part of a series of stamps on Austrian painters. A special postage stamp was issued on the 100th anniversary of his death. Motifs based on works by Waldmüller can be seen on two other Austrian postage stamps (200 years of Ludwig van Beethoven, 1970; Biedermeier and Vormärz in Vienna, 1988).

In 1965 the Lower Austrian State Exhibition was held in his honor in Hinterbrühl , with a large number of works being shown in the Höldrichsmühle .

Works

Mother of Captain von Stierle-Holzmeister (around 1819), Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin
The Wolfgangsee (1835), Belvedere , Vienna
Portrait of Louise Mayer, 1836, Germanisches Nationalmuseum , Nuremberg
After school (1841), Alte Nationalgalerie , Berlin
Return from the parish fair , around 1859/60, Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin
Portrait of the Russian ambassador to the Viennese court, Prince Andreas Rasumowsky , 1835, oil on panel, 39 × 31 cm, private collection
Portrait Ludwig van Beethoven , 1823, oil on canvas, 66 × 57 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum , Vienna, Collection of old musical instruments, inv. No. 1000, location: Neue Burg , Vienna
Franz Schubert in the Freundeskreis , pencil on paper, 18.1 × 12.2 cm ( Albertina, Vienna , Graphic Collection, inv.no.25446)
  • Waldmüller's aunt with a prayer book. 1818/1819, oil on canvas / wood, 56 × 47 cm, private collection
  • Mother of the Captain von Stierle-Holzmeister. Around 1819, Museum Alte Nationalgalerie , Berlin
  • Portrait of Mrs. Rosina Wiser. ( Belvedere , Vienna. Inv. No. 1871), 1820, oil on canvas, 50 × 40 cm
  • Portrait of Christoph Bonifazius Zang. ( Wien Museum , Vienna, inv.no. 30.855), around 1820, oil on canvas, 54.5 × 42.5 cm
  • Insight into the castle ruins of Klamm near Schottwien. (St. Pölten, Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum , inv.no.8274), 1822/23, oil on panel, 20 × 25.2 cm
  • Portrait of Elise Höfer. 1827, oil on wood, Wien Museum, Vienna
  • Self-portrait at a young age. (Vienna, Belvedere, Inv. No. 2121), 1828, oil on canvas, 95 × 75.5 cm
  • Lot from the Prater. 1831, oil on panel, 31 × 26 cm, private collection
  • Demetrius Count Apraxin. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.3686), 1832, oil on panel, 34.2 × 27.8 cm
  • The Rettenbach wilderness near Ischl. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.1658), 1832, oil on panel, 31.5 × 26 cm
  • A traveling beggar family receives presents from poor farmers on Christmas Eve. (Graz, Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum , inv. No. 1/1632), around 1834, oil on wood, 37 × 30 cm
  • The Dachstein with the Gosau lake. (Vienna, Leopold Museum ), 1834, oil on panel, 31.4 × 25.6 cm
  • The Höllengebirge near Ischl. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.2513), 1834, oil on panel, 33 × 25 cm
  • The alpine hut on the Hoisenrad near Ischl. (Wien Museum), 1834, oil on panel
  • The engraver Francois Haury. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.2462), 1834, oil on panel, 43 × 36 cm
  • Children with a butte with grapes. (St. Pölten, Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum, inv. No. 1447), 1834, oil on canvas, 77 × 63 cm
  • Portrait of the notary Dr. Josef August Eltz with his wife Caroline and their eight children in Ischl. (Vienna, Belvedere, Inv.No. 2567), 1835, oil on canvas, 124 × 110 cm
  • The Princely Esterhazy Council Mathias Kerzmann with his second wife and daughter Maria. (Vienna, Belvedere, Inv. No. 1521), 1835, oil on canvas, 205 × 158 cm
  • The Traun near Ischl. (Wien Museum), 1835, oil on panel
  • The Dachstein from the Sophien-Doppelblick near Ischl. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.5712), 1835, oil on panel, 31 × 26 cm
  • Wolfgangsee. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.1863), 1835, oil on panel, 31.5 × 26 cm
  • Julia Comtesse Apraxin. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.4655), 1835, oil on panel, 38 × 32 cm
  • Johann Jakob Schwartz from Mohrenstern. (Wien Museum), 1837, oil on panel
  • Josefine Schwartz from Mohrenstern. (Wien Museum), 1837, oil on panel
  • The view of the Dachstein with Lake Hallstatt from the Hütteneckalpe near Ischl. (Wien Museum), 1838, oil on panel
  • Girl in a satin dress. (Wien Museum), 1839, oil on panel
  • Part of Hallstatt. (Salzburg, Museum Carolino Augusteum ), 1839, oil on panel, 45 × 58 cm
  • Large still life with a magnificent goblet. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.876), 1839, oil on panel, 63.5 × 50 cm
  • Mill at the outflow of the Königsee. (Munich, Neue Pinakothek , inv.no.8299), 1840, oil on panel, 46 × 58 cm
  • Young peasant woman with three children in the window. (Munich, Neue Pinakothek, Inv.No. 12895) 1840, oil on canvas, 84.6 × 67.5 cm
  • Young lady at the dressing table. (Wien Museum, inv.no.10.126), 1840, oil on panel, 39.5 × 30.9 cm
  • Entrance to the Hell Valley. (St. Pölten, Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum, inv.no.6448), after 1840, oil on panel, 25.2 × 31.5 cm
  • View of Arco. (Winterthur, Museum Oskar Reinhart ), 1841, oil on canvas, 44.5 × 58 cm
  • Emanuel Ritter von Neuwall. (Wien Museum), 1841, oil on panel
  • Grape hangers. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.1053), 1841, oil on canvas, 39 × 48 cm
  • After school. Old National Gallery, Berlin, 1841
  • Portrait of a young gentleman in black clothes. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.Lg 1091), 1842, oil on canvas, 100 × 81.5 cm
  • Lower Austrian farmer's wedding. (Vienna, Belvedere, Inv.No. 1122), 1843, oil on panel, 95 × 111 cm
  • The end of the lesson. (Moscow, Pushkin Museum , inv.no.1338), 1844, oil on panel, 78 × 95 cm
  • Adoration of Saint John. (Wien Museum, inv.no.8.153), 1844, oil on panel, 78.5 × 65 cm
  • Franz Grillparzer. (Wien Museum), 1844, oil on canvas
  • The mountain town of Castelmola near Taormina. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.559a), 1844, oil on canvas, 23.5 × 31.5 cm
  • Congratulations on grandfather's birthday. (Wien Museum), 1845, oil on panel
  • Wreath-binding girls. (Kassel, Neue Galerie , inv.no.168), 1846, oil on panel, 56 × 49.5 cm
  • At the monastery portal. (St. Petersburg, Hermitage , inv.no.7167), 1846, oil on panel, 61 × 79 cm
  • The attachment. (Wien Museum), 1847, oil on panel
  • View of Mödling. (Vienna, Liechtenstein Museum), 1848, oil on canvas, 56 × 69 cm
  • Mödling with the ruins of Liechtenstein. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.1375), 1848, oil on panel, 55.5 × 68 cm
  • Portrait of Mrs. Anna Waldmüller. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.191), 1850, oil on canvas, 68 × 55 cm
  • Mother's happiness. (St. Pölten, Lower Austrian State Museum, Inv. No. 7512), 1851, oil on panel
  • Palm Sunday. (Brno, Moravian Gallery , inv.no.A1444), 1852, oil on panel, 45.5 × 58 cm
  • Children at the window. (Salzburg, Residenzgalerie , Inv. No. 335), 1853, oil on canvas, 85 × 69 cm
  • Farewell to my parents. (St. Pölten, Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum, inv. No. 678), 1854, oil on panel, 70 × 86 cm
  • Children adorn the hat of a conscript. (Private property), 1854, oil on canvas, 55.5 × 44 cm
  • The farewell of the conscripted. (Vienna, Leopold Museum), 1854, oil on panel, 59 × 74 cm
  • The exhausted strength. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.3656), 1854, oil on canvas, 63 × 75.5 cm
  • Wienerwald landscape with Wildegg Castle. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.3796), around 1855, oil on canvas, 65.5 × 81 cm
  • Brushwood collector in the Vienna Woods. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.2106), 1855, oil on panel, 60.8 × 76.5 cm
  • Portrait of Frau Josefa Ernst, the mother of the cathedral builder Leopold Ernst. (Vienna, Leopold Museum, inv.no.635), 1856, oil on panel, 52.5 × 42 cm
  • The last calf or distress sale. (Stuttgart, Staatsgalerie , inv.no.GLV 27), 1857, oil on panel, 44 × 56.5 cm
  • On Corpus Christi morning. (recte: “On the morning of first communion”) (Vienna, Belvedere, inv. No. Lg 63), 1857, oil on panel, 65 × 82 cm
  • Monastery soup. (Schweinfurt, Museum Georg Schäfer , inv.no.1508), around 1858, oil on canvas, 96.4 × 121 cm
  • Children in the forest or violet pickers. (Nuremberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum ), 1858, oil on panel, 62.4 × 79 cm
  • After the attachment. (Dresden, Galerie Neue Meister , inv.no.2467 A), 1859, oil on panel, 73 × 90 cm
  • Children get their breakfast. (Prague, National Gallery , inv.no.NG O 12502), 1859, oil on panel, 71 × 61 cm
  • Mountain landscape with the Liechtenstein ruins near Mödling. (Vienna, Liechtenstein Museum), 1859, oil on panel, 42 × 55 cm
  • The interrupted pilgrimage or the sick pilgrim. (Vienna, Leopold Museum), 1859, oil on panel, 71 × 87 cm
  • Farmer's wife milking a cow (private property), 1859, tempera on cardboard, 34.5 × 42.5 cm
  • Farewell to the bride from her playmates. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.3273), 1860, oil on panel, 63 × 78.5 cm
  • Return from the parish fair. Old National Gallery, Berlin, 1859/60
  • Construction day workers receive their breakfast. 1859/1860
  • Early spring in the Vienna Woods or violet pickers. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.1501), 1861, oil on panel, 52 × 66 cm
  • The wreath winch. (Vienna, Belvedere, inv.no.5644), 1861, oil on panel, 44 × 35 cm
  • The rose season. (Wien Museum, inv. No. 10.134), 1862–1863, oil on panel, 51.5 × 65 cm
  • The begging boy from Magdalenengrund in Vienna. (Budapest, Museum of Fine Arts , inv. No. 378.B), 1863, oil on panel, 62 × 51 cm
  • Encounter in the forest. (Wien Museum), 1863, oil on panel
  • Returning mother with her children. (Vienna, Leopold Museum, inv.no.636), 1863, oil on panel, 53 × 42 cm
  • Early spring in the Vienna Woods. (Berlin, Nationalgalerie , inv.no.AI 866), 1864, oil on canvas, 43 × 54 cm

Fonts

  • The need for a purposeful lesson in painting and plastic arts. Suggested based on my own experience. Vienna 1846.
  • Proposals for the reform of the Austrian-Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. Vienna 1849.
  • Suggestions for the revival of the patriotic fine arts. Vienna 1857 digitized
  • Imitation, reminiscence, plagiarism. 1857.

literature

  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Waldmüller, Ferdinand Georg . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 52nd part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1885, pp. 189–201 ( digitized version ).
  • Theodor v. Frimmel:  Waldmüller, Georg Ferdinand . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 40, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1896, pp. 716-720.
  • Agnes Husslein-Arco, Sabine Grabner: Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller 1793–1865. Catalog for the exhibition at the Belvedere , Vienna 2009.
  • Rupert Feuchtmüller : Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, 1793–1865. Leben-Schriften-Werke, Vienna-Munich: Christian Brandstätter Verlag, 1996.
  • Klaus Albrecht Schröder: Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller. Prestel-Verlag, Munich 1990.
  • Maria Buchsbaum: Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller. Salzburg 1967.
  • Bruno Grimschitz : Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller. Life and work. Vienna 1943.
  • Joseph Aug. Lux: Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller. An artist study with ten illustrations based on Waldmüller's original paintings. In: Reclams Universum 25.2 (1909), pp. 704-711.
  • Kurt Karl Eberlein: Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller. The painter's work. Berlin 1938.
  • Arthur Roessler / Gustav Pisko: Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller. His life, his work and his writings. 2 volumes. Vienna 1907.
  • Elmar Worgull : Rasumowsky depictions from Alexander Roslin to Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller. An aporetic of the concept of portrait . In: Bilblos: Contributions to books, library and writing / Austrian National Library Vienna. ( Dedicated to Eva Badura-Skoda ). Böhlau Verlag, Vienna et al. 1998, pp. 207-253.

Web links

Commons : Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The grave of Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller on knerger.de
  2. ↑ Feuchtmüller No. 37, Grimschitz No. 39, Roessler No. 6, Boetticher No. 126
personal data
SURNAME Waldmüller, Ferdinand Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian painter and art writer
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 1793
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH August 23, 1865
Place of death Hinterbrühl near Mödling