Gerhard of Csanád

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Scenes from the life of Bishop Gerhard in the Anjou Legendarium (14th century)
Statue of St. Gerhard in Budapest
His portrait in Venice.

Gerhard von Csanád , also Giorgio di Sagredo , Gerhard Sagredo or ung. Gellért (* around 980 in Venice or Veneto ; † September 24, 1046 in Buda ) was the first bishop of Csanád . He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and is the patron saint of Budapest .

Life

This article or section needs to be revised: Here the Legenda maior of the 14th century is essentially paraphrased, which contains information on Gellért that can hardly be verified. The alleged study in Bologna, which was impossible around 1000, is typical. Belonging to the Sagredo family is actually an invention of the 16th century. Apart from the Deliberatio , no works have survived. The canonization by Gregory VII and the aftermath in Hungary is correct. - Enzian44 ( discussion ) 00:38, 2. Aug. 2014 (CEST)
Please help to improve it and then remove this mark.

Childhood, study, preacher

Gerhard was born into a wealthy aristocratic family in Venice , was of Lombard origin and came from the Sagredo family . Tradition has it that he was seriously ill as a child. His parents took him to a Benedictine monastery and promised him monasticism there , should he recover. So Gerhard became a novice with the Benedictines. Gerhard studied in Bologna . After the abbot's death, he was elected abbot of the Benedictine monastery in 1012 .

His father Gerhard fell on a crusade , whereupon Giorgio named himself after him and wanted to do the same in converting the Muslims. So he set out for the Holy Land in 1015 . During this trip he met Rasia, the abbot of the recently founded Hungarian monastery of Pannonhalma , who invited him to Hungary, and Gellért accepted the invitation.

The first Christian king of Hungary, St. Stephan I was so impressed by Gerhard's sermons that he entrusted him with the education of his eight-year-old son Imre (Emmerich) . Gerhard was to remain his teacher for seven years. According to tradition, Gerhard then devoted himself another seven years to studying the scriptures and writing a Bible commentary. The Deliberatio is probably the first commentary on the Bible written in Hungary.

First bishop of the diocese of Csanád

King Stefan I gave the Maroschburg ( Urbs Morisena ) and the extensive property of Achtwin to the commander-in- chief Csanád for his bravery in the war against his arch-rival Achtwin in 1028 . From then on, the city was no longer called Maroschburg, but Csanád, as was the entire province. The name Csanád was later also used by the diocese founded here, of which St. Gérard became the shepherd. The episcopal ordination of the saint in 1030 is also the date of the establishment of the diocese of Csanád . Gerhard built the cathedral school in Csanád, headed by Walter and Henricus Teutonicus, who visited students from Bohemia, Poland and Germany. As Doctor decretorum and Magister sacrae theologiae , Gerhard was also a prolific writer.

The Bishop of Csanád played a crucial role in the conversion of the pagans in Hungary and Transylvania . On the occasion of a pagan uprising in Buda, on the Gellertberg , which is named after him today , together with the bishops Buldus and Bystrík, he was martyred on September 24, 1046. According to legend, he was brought up the hill into the Danube in a barrel that was studded with nails rolled down and drowned there.

The relics of St. Gerhard was transferred to Csanáder Cathedral in 1053 by his successor Maurus and Abbot Philip and placed in a simple, stone-carved sarcophagus that has been preserved to this day and which today forms the altar of the Roman Catholic Church. Parts of his relics came to the cathedral church in Stuhlweissenburg ( Székesfehérvár ), but also to Venice and the church of the seminary in Budapest .

Gerhard was canonized together with King Stephan in 1083 by Pope Gregory VII and is today the patron saint of Budapest and one of the patrons of Hungary .

Works

The following works are attributed to St.Gerhard:

  • De laudibus BM Virginis
  • Sermomum quadragesimalium
  • Homiliarum de solemnitatibus totius anni

Apart from the Deliberatio , no works have survived.

literature

Web links

Commons : Gerard Sagredo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Koloman Juhász and Adam Shift: The Diocese of Timişoara – Timisoara. Past and Present , Timişoara 1934
  2. ↑ a b c St. Gerhard - a Hungarian saint is also the patron of the Danube Swabians - a contribution by the church historian Rudolf Grulich
  3. ↑ banaterra.eu , sarcophagus of St. Gerhard
  4. ^ Agoston Bárány: Torontálvármegye 'hajdana. Magyar Kir. Egyetem, Buda 1845, p. 92 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  5. ^ Johann Heinrich Schwicker: History of the Temeser Banat . Bettelheim, Gross-Becskerek 1861, p. 45 ( digitized in the Google book search).
predecessor Office successor
--- Bishop of Csanád
1030-1046 		Maurus
personal data
SURNAME Gerhard of Csanád
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Giorgio di Sagredo (real name); Sagredo, Gerhard; Gellért; Gerardus, Chanadiensis
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Csanád
DATE OF BIRTH around 980
PLACE OF BIRTH Venice or Veneto
DATE OF DEATH September 24, 1046
Place of death Buda