Cenad Castle
| Cenad Castle | |
|---|---|
| Alternative name | Morisena |
| limes | Dacian Limes |
| section | A / I / 4 |
| Dating (occupancy) | unknown |
| Type | Cohort fort (?) |
| unit | a) Legio XIII Gemina (construction team), b) Auxiliary unit (?) |
| size | unknown |
| State of preservation | Remains of a fort corner visible in the area, fort area unexplored |
| place | Cenad |
| Geographical location | 46 ° 8 '15 " N , 20 ° 35' 12" E |
| height | 83 m |
| Previous |
Fort Sânnicolau Mare (east, A / I / 3) |
| Subsequently |
Szeged Castle (west, A / I / 5) |
Fort Cenad , which is also known by its ancient name Morisena , was a Roman auxiliary troop camp and part of the outer line in the western fortress chain of the Dacian Limes (limes Daciae) , in the area of the municipality of Cenad (Rum .: Cenadu Mare; ung .: Nagycsanád ), Timiș County , Banat Region in Romania .
location
Cenad is located in western Romania, the municipality is between the rivers Marosch ( Mures ) and Aranka , where the Marosch marks the natural border with Hungary . The distance to Timişoara is 80 km. Today the fort is built over from the town center. Its center was in the courtyard of the Protestant church. The camp area is also known by the field name "Cetate = fortress". Traces of a camp corner can still be seen in the area.
Development and function
During the second Dacian war (105-106 AD), Trajan also occupied the areas north of the Mureș (Latin: Marisus ) and incorporated them into the new province of Dacia Superior . In the area of today's Cetate, the Roman army built a fort, which was initially occupied by legionary vexillation. A civil settlement ( vicus or canabae ) soon emerged in the vicinity of the fort , the ancient name of which was passed down as Morisena ( “Castrum iuxta Morisium” = fort on the Mures). The fort and settlement probably existed until the early 3rd century AD.
The auxiliary cohort, presumably stationed here later, was responsible, among other things, for monitoring and securing the road connection from Micia to Partiscum , which ran on the south bank of the Mureș River to the northwest.
Find spectrum
The site was not systematically investigated. So far only small finds have been recovered, brick stamps of Legio XIII Gemina seem to at least confirm the identification of the location as a Roman military installation. Presumably the fortification was built in the early 2nd century by a vexillation of this legion. Readings and brick stamps are now in the Banat National Museum , Timișoara.
Monument protection
All of the archaeological sites are protected as historical monuments under Law No. 422/2001, passed in 2001, and are included in the National List of Historical Monuments ( Lista Monumentelor Istorice ). Responsible are the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional), in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts and the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other important institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.
See also
literature
- Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story . In: Yearbook of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz , Volume 44, Part 2, Mainz 1997, p. 24 ( PDF ).
- Nicolae Gudea: Limesul Daciei romanc de la Traianus la Aurelianus. In: Acta Musei Porolissensis 1 , 1977. p. 109 (in Romanian).
- Nicolae Gudea: The Limes Dakiens and the defense of the Upper Moesian Danube line from Trajan to Aurelian. In: Rise and Fall of the Roman World . Part II, Volume 6. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1977, ISBN 3-11-006735-8 , (therein p. 871: 12. List of military camps ).
- Felix Milleker : Délmagyarország régiségleletei a honfoglalás előtti idökböl. (The archaeological finds in southern Hungary before the time of the conquest.) Temeschburg 1899, pp. 17–18 (in Hungarian).
- Dumitru Tudor: Corpus monumentorum religionis equitum danuvinorum (CMRED). The monuments . Volume 1. Brill-Verlag, Leiden 1969, p. 58.
- Liviu Mărghitan: Decebal. Editura Militară, Bucharest 1978, pp. 102-106.
- János Szilágyi : The crews of the defense system of Dazien and their brick stamps / A Daciai erődrendszer helyőrségei es a katonai teglabélyegek. In the series: Dissertationes Pannonicae Ser. II, 21. Institute for Coin Studies and Archeology at the Peter Pazmany University, Budapest 1946. pp. 8–9 and 63 (in German and Hungarian);
- Andrian Bejan: Cercetările arheologice în aşezarea feudal-timpurie de la Cenad, 1975.
Web links
- J. Wilkes, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies: Places: 207023 (Cenad) . Pleiades. Retrieved January 23, 2013 at 1:58 pm.
Remarks
- ^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).
Individual evidence
Bulci Castle | Aradul Nou Castle | Sânnicolau Mare Castle | Cenad Castle (Morisena) | Szeged Castle (Partiscum)