Canabae
The civil camp village ( vicus ) in Roman legion camps is called canabae or canabae legionis .
The term was first used in Augustan times for settlements near the camps in Germania. Canabae originally referred to the stalls of merchants and wine merchants, from which the function of the canabae legionis arose later , which in the course of time were abbreviated to canabae . The land in the immediate vicinity of a fort was considered intra-denial ; d. H. in the vicinity of a Gallic leuga = 2.2 km. Mainly business people, traders and craftsmen and relatives of the soldiers lived here. They were called consistentes ad legionem or cives Romani consistentes ad legionem (Roman citizens in the Legion), or simply canabenses (people from the Canabae).
Intra leugnam referred to a strategic protection zone, the glacis of the camp, which had a special constitutional and sacred position. The use of this strip of land by the civilian population was only permitted by the camp commandant under certain conditions. Civilians were allowed to purchase land there, but the military administration had the right to use this land primarily for the needs of the soldiers. Mainly people of the lower classes settled within the Leuga. They were the intersection between the civilian population in a province or occupied territory and the legionnaires , both economically and culturally.
The legal status of the canabae varied. The hallmark is an independent community life with its own administration made up of magistrates and officials. Small settlements are also called uicus / vicus . Some of these settlements persisted even after the associated legion withdrew and were able to develop into a municipium . Otherwise, Canabae and civil municipalities always remained strictly territorially and legally strictly separated from each other.
According to one opinion, the term canabae developed into our current word for pub .
See also:
- Examples Lauriacum , Vindobona , Carnuntum or Vetera .
- List of the Roman vici in Lower Germany
literature
- Michaela Kronberger: Settlement chronological research on the canabae legionis of Vindobona. The grave fields (= monographs of the city archeology Vienna volume 1). Phoibos Verlag, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-901232-56-7 .
- Yann Le Bohec : The Roman Army. From Augustus to Constantine the Elder Size Steiner, Stuttgart 1993. New edition Nikol, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-86820-022-5 , pp. 262f.
- Harald von Petrikovits : The Canabae Legionis. In: 150 Years of the German Archaeological Institute, 1829–1979. Ceremonial events and international colloquium, 17. – 22. April 1979 in Berlin. von Zabern, Mainz 1981, ISBN 3-8053-0477-3 . Pp. 165-175.
- Christian Gugl, Michael Doneus: The camp suburb (canabae legionis) , in: Franz Humer (Hrsg.), Carnuntum. Reborn City of the Emperors, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Darmstadt 2014, pp. 67–72.
- Werner Jobst: Provincial capital Carnuntum. Austria's largest archaeological landscape. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-215-04441-2 .