Sânnicolau Mare fort

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Sânnicolau Mare fort
limes Dacian Limes
section A / I / 3
Dating (occupancy) unknown
Type Cohort fort (?)
unit a) Legio XIII Gemina (construction team),
b) Auxiliary unit (?)
size unknown
Construction unknown
State of preservation not visible in the area,
fort unexplored
place Sânnicolau Mare
Geographical location 46 ° 4 '20 "  N , 20 ° 37' 46"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 4 '20 "  N , 20 ° 37' 46"  E
height 84  m
Previous Aradul Nou Castle
(east, A / I / 2)
Subsequently Fort Cenad
(west, A / I / 4)
map
Brick temple of the Legio XIII Gemina found in Aradul Nou

The Sânnicolau Mare fort was a Roman auxiliary troop camp and part of the outer line in the western chain of fortresses of the Dacian Limes (limes Daciae) , in the municipality of the city of Sânnicolau Mare (Greater Saint Nicholas), Timiș County , Banat region in Romania .

location

The border town Sânnicolau Mare is located in the far west of today's Romania, approx. 64 km northwest of Timisoara , on the banks of the Aranka. The fort was a little further west on the left bank of the river. Its location is also known under the field names "Cărămidăria Veche = old brickworks" or "Sziget". Today no traces of the Roman fortifications can be seen in the area.

Development and function

During the second Dacian War (105-106 AD), Trajan also occupied the regions north of the Mureș (Latin: Marisus ) and incorporated them into the province of Dacia Superior . In the area of ​​today's town of Sânnicolau Mare, the Roman army built a fort, which was initially occupied by legionary vexillation. The ancient name of this base is unknown.

The auxiliary cohort, presumably stationed in this fort afterwards, was responsible, among other things, for monitoring and securing the road connection from Micia to Partiscum , which ran on the south bank of the Mureș River in a north-west direction.

Find spectrum

The site is completely unexplored. Only small finds were recovered, such as the tombstone of the veteran Aurelius Timon, who had served in Legio XIII Gemina , as well as some terra sigillata fragments, which, however, could not be chronologically classified due to their small number and size. Coin finds show continuous monetary transactions from the 2nd to the 3rd century. In the 1990s, some graves could also be examined. Brick stamps from Legio XIII Gemina seem to at least confirm the identification of the site as a Roman military installation. Presumably the fortification was built in the early 2nd century by a vexillation of this legion. Their bricks were often found on the lower reaches of the Mureș. B. in Bulci , Aradul Nou , Cladova, Periam and Szeged , also evidence that the Romans have controlled this area since the beginning of their rule in Dacia. So far, however, most of these Roman fortifications have either not been investigated at all or only little investigated (status 2003). Findings and brick stamps are now in the Banater Museum ( Romanian Muzeul Banatului ), Timișoara.

Monument protection

All of the archaeological sites are protected as historical monuments under Law No. 422/2001, passed in 2001, and are entered in the National List of Historic Monuments ( Lista Monumentelor Istorice ) with the LMI code TM-IsB-06084 . Responsible are the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional), in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts and the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other important institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.

See also

literature

  • Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum Mainz , Volume 44, Part 2, Mainz 1997, p. 24, ( PDF ).
  • Nicolae Gudea: Limesul Daciei romanc de la Traianus la Aurelianus. In: Acta Musei Porolissensis 1. 1977. p. 109 (in Romanian).
  • Nicolae Gudea: The Limes Dakiens and the defense of the Upper Moesian Danube line from Trajan to Aurelian. In: Rise and Fall of the Roman World . Part II, Volume 6. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1977, ISBN 3-11-006735-8 , p. 871 (therein p. 871: 12. List of military camps ).
  • Felix Milleker : Délmagyarország régiségleletei a honfoglalás előtti idökböl. (The archaeological finds of southern Hungary before the time of the conquest.) Temeschburg 1899, pp. 47–48 (in Hungarian).
  • Dumitru Tudor: Corpus monumentorum religionis equitum danuvinorum (CMRED). The monuments. Volume 1. Brill-Verlag, Leiden 1969, p. 58.
  • Liviu Mărghitan: Decebal. Editura Militară, Bucharest 1978, p. 102.
  • Doina Benea: The economic activity in the village branches between Theiss, Marosch and Danube. In: Studia Antiqua et Archäeologica 9 (2003), pp. 299-318.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IDR, III, 1, 274.
  2. ↑ Doina Benea: 2003, p. 306.
  3. ↑ Doina Benea: 2003, p. 302.
  4. ↑ Doina Benea: 2003, p. 318.
  5. ↑ Doina Benaea: 2003.
  6. ↑ LMI TM-IsB-06084
  7. ↑ List of historical monuments on the website of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage