Bulci Castle
| Bulci Castle | |
|---|---|
| Alternative name | unknown |
| limes | Dacian Limes |
| section | A / I / 1 |
| Dating (occupancy) | trajanic ? |
| Type | Cohort fort? |
| unit |
Legio XIII Gemina ? (Construction crew), auxiliary unit? |
| Construction | Wood-earth construction |
| State of preservation | not visible in the field. |
| place | Bulci |
| Geographical location | 46 ° 0 '23 " N , 22 ° 6' 48" E |
| height | 145 m |
| Previous |
Vețel Fort (southeast, section A / V) |
| Subsequently |
Aradul Nou Castle (northwest, A / I / 2) |
Bulci Fort was a Roman auxiliary troop camp and part of the outer line in the western chain of fortresses of the Dacian Limes (limes Daciae) , in the municipality of Bata in the Arad district , in Romania .
Location and function
The region in the Arad district has been settled - with short interruptions - since the Neolithic . During the first half of the 1st millennium BC The Dacians founded the first settlements on both sides of the Mureș (lat .: Marisus ). From the 6th century BC Among other things, the Scythians who later became part of the Dacians settled here . End of the 4th century BC Chr. Also began Celtic tribes immigrate here, but also rapidly from the Dacians assimilated were.
The fort, possibly occupied by an auxiliary cohort, was east of today's village of Bata on the left bank of the Mureș. The site is also known by its field names "Cetate" (castle) or "Mănăstire" (monastery). His crew was responsible for monitoring and securing the road from Micia to Partiscum , which followed the south bank of the river towards the northwest.
Fort
The fort area has only been insufficiently explored. It was first investigated in 1868 by Flóris Rómer , the founder of Roman provincial archeology in Hungary, after which smaller search excavations were carried out by István Ferenczi and Mircea Barbu between 1976 and 1980 . The fence consisted of a wood and earth wall with a trench in front as an obstacle to the approach. Only small traces of the interior development could be detected. Found brick stamps of Legio XIII Gemina seem to at least confirm the identification of the site as a Roman military installation of the 2nd century AD. Presumably the fortification was built by a vexillation of this legion. No remains of the fort itself are recognizable in the area today.
Lost property and monument protection
The finds from the excavations are now in the Arad Museum Complex , Department of Archeology and History ( Romanian Complexul muzeal Arad, Secția Arheologie și Istorie ).
The entire archaeological site and in particular the castle are protected as historical monuments according to the Act No. 422/2001 passed in 2001 and are registered with the LMI code AR-ImA-00428.03 in the national list of historical monuments ( Lista Monumentelor Istorice ) . Responsible are the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii și Patrimoniului Național), in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts and the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other important institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.
See also
literature
- Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum Mainz. Volume 44, Part 2, Mainz 1997, p. 23 ( PDF file; 5.78 MB ).
- Nicolae Gudea: Limesul Daciei romanc de la Traianus la Aurelianus. In: Acta Musei Porolissensis 1. 1977, p. 109 (in Romanian).
- Nicolae Gudea: The Limes Dakiens and the defense of the Upper Moesian Danube line from Trajan to Aurelian. In: Rise and Fall of the Roman World . Part II, Volume 6. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1977, ISBN 3-11-006735-8 , pp. 851-884 (therein p. 871: 12. List of military camps ).
- Nicolae Gudea: Report on the archaeological research carried out between 1979 and 1983 on the Limes of the three Dacia and the neighboring provinces of Moesia Superior and Moesia Inferior. In: Studies on the military borders of Rome, 3rd 13th International Limes Congress, Aalen 1983. Stuttgart 1986, p. 480.
- Pál Király: Dacia Provincia Augusti I. Nagybecskerek 1893, p. 23 (in Hungarian).
- Felix Milleker : Délmagyarország régiségleletei a honfoglalás előtti idökböl. (The archaeological finds in southern Hungary before the time of the conquest.) Temeschburg 1899, p. 16 (in Hungarian).
- Eduard Nemeth: Armata în sud-vestul Daciei romane. (The army in south-western Roman Dacia.) Ed. Mirton, Timişoara 2005, ISBN 973-661-691-6 (in Romanian).
- Alexandru Borza: Banatul în timpul Romanilor. (The Banat in Roman times.) Temeschburg 1943, p. 79 (in Romanian language),
- Mihail Macrea: Viața în Dacia romană. (Life in Roman Dacia.) Editura Științifică, Bucharest 1969, pp. 229–230 (in Romanian).
- Dumitru Tudor: Corpus monumentorum religionis equitum danuvinorum (CMRED). The monuments. Volume 1. Brill-Verlag, Leiden 1969, p. 59.
- Dumitru Tudor: Tabula Imperii Romani (TIR): Bucarest. Drobeta-Romula-Sucidava. Académie de la République Socialiste de Roumanie, Bucharest 1969 (parts of sheets K-34, K-35, L-34, L-35), here: TIR L 34, p. 43.
- Liviu Mărghitan: Decebal. Editura Militară, Bucharest 1978, pp. 98-100.
- István Ferenczi, Mircea Barbu: Chroniques. In: Dacia . No. 25, 1981, p. 366.
- István Ferenczi, Mircea Barbu: Cercetări arheologice de la Bulci și împrejurimi. (Archaeological research in Bulci and the surrounding area.) In: Ziridava. 9, 1978, pp. 67-80 (in Romanian).
Web links
- J. Wilkes, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies: Places: 206998 (Bulci) . Pleiades. Retrieved January 22, 2013 at 11:23 pm.
Remarks
- ^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).
Individual evidence
Bulci Castle | Aradul Nou Castle | Sânnicolau Mare Castle | Cenad Castle (Morisena) | Szeged Castle (Partiscum)