Flóris Rómer

Flóris Rómer (baptismal name: Franz Rammer , later also Floris Römer , Florian Römer and Floridus ; * April 12, 1815 Pressburg ; † March 18, 1889 Großwardein ) was a Hungarian archaeologist , art historian, historian and professor at the University of Budapest. He is considered the father of Hungarian archeology .

Life

Floris Rómer around 1870

Rómer was born in Pressburg as the son of the master shoemaker Franz Rammer and his wife Anna, née Vetser. In order to ensure a broad education for him and his two brothers, their parents made it possible for their sons to attend Slovak and Hungarian schools in addition to their German mother tongue. According to Franz and Anna Rammer, Rómer was to become a priest and therefore entered the Benedictine monastery Bakonybél near Zirc at the age of fifteen in 1830 . In 1838 he received the ordination and took the religious name Floridus , which reminded of the holy Bishop Floridus. After studying philosophy and theology , he received his doctorate in 1839 and then worked at the Benedictine high school in Raab. Rómer was already using his talent as a painter at this time. This skill later helped him with the professional documentation of his art historical and archaeological research. From August 26, 1845 until the outbreak of the revolution in 1848, he was professor of natural history at the Royal Academy in Pressburg. It was during this time that his interest in historical topics began. In 1848 he was commissioned to teach the Archduke Joseph Karl Ludwig of Austria, born in Pressburg, the natural sciences. The scientist made a deep impression on the young archduke. Therefore he kept in contact until Rómer's death.

During the revolutionary years from 1848–1849 that ruled in many European countries, Rómer campaigned with the greatest passion against the ruling powers of the Restoration for an independent Hungary. After the revolution beginning in September 1848 he was lieutenant in a Hungarian Honvéd - Pioneer Regiment and made the fight against the Austrian troops. He was captured in Kufstein . The Imperial-Royal Court Martial of Pressburg sentenced him to eight years imprisonment in chains after the uprising was put down for participation on November 24, 1849 . He was imprisoned in Olomouc and Josefstadt for five years and was pardoned in the spring of 1854 as part of an amnesty granted for the wedding of Emperor Franz Joseph I to Elisabeth . Rómer first went to Pressburg, but found the constant police surveillance so depressing that he asked for re-entry into the Benedictine order in the Martinsberg Territorial Abbey. He was then sent to Bakonybél to repent in silence. After three years as a private tutor, the order allowed him to resume teaching in the lower classes of the Kőszeg grammar school in 1857 . Then he moved to Raab as a high school teacher. In 1859 he joined the Kk Central Commission for the research and preservation of architectural monuments in Vienna .

The specialist journal Archaeologiai Értesítő founded by Rómer in 1870 .

In 1860, Rómer was elected a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences . Since that year he has dealt with archeology. According to his own admission , he was encouraged by the literary and art-loving clergyman Arnold Ipolyi (born Stummer , 1823–1886), who became one of his closest companions and, alongside Rómer, was one of the first great art historians in Hungary. Ipolyi was also committed to the historical national consciousness of Hungary and had taken part in the revolution. Rómer's enthusiasm for the prehistoric, ancient and medieval legacies in Hungary furthered his autodidactic studies, during which he exchanged intensively with his friends, including the later canon and canon of Raab, Franz Ebenhöch (1821–1889). From 1861, Rómer and the historian Károly Ráth (1829–1868) published the series “Historical and archaeological books from Raab” (Győri Történeti és Régészeti Füzetek). Later, in Pest , he continued this work. In 1862 he wrote a paper that summarizes some of the Roman castles . Epigraphic research in Hungary begins with this work . Rómer became the founder of archaeological research in Hungary and the Hungarian Archaeological Reform Commission (Magyar Régészeti Reformbizottság). In 1863 he was able to work as a private lecturer in his field and in 1864 he took over the editing of the Archaeological Bulletin. (Archaeológiai Közlemények). One of his early works was the Archaeological Guide, with particular reference to Hungary from 1866. Also in 1864 he received an extraordinary and in 1868 a full professorship in archeology. In the same year he was appointed head of the chair of archeology at the Royal Hungarian University and the archaeological department of the Hungarian National Museum in Pest. During this time he took over the editing of the Archäologische Mitteilungen he founded (1868; Archaeologiai Értesitő). He also became curator of the coin and antiquities cabinet in the Hungarian capital. He enriched his knowledge with extensive study trips through Hungary, was particularly interested in the antiquities of the Szeklers in Transylvania and did research on the Limes a . a. in North Dakia . In addition to this research, he visited the most important museums in Western Europe. As a representative of the Hungarian archaeologists, Rómer took part in the international archaeological congresses in Stockholm (1875) and Lisbon (1876). He was responsible for the fact that the congress of 1876 could take place in Budapest, and on this occasion he made a map of Hungary, which provided information about the prehistoric sites of his homeland. In 1877 he gave up the chair of archeology due to his many other obligations and in 1879, with the support of Arnold Ipolyi, became canon and canon of the chapter of Greater Oradea . In the same year he took over the chairmanship of the National Archaeological and Anthropological Society (Országos Régészeti és Embertani Társulat). Rómer died in Oradea in 1889.

• Pictures of life, monuments
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  Romans as a revolutionary 1848/49.

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  1858 while teaching in Güns (Kőszeg)

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  1861 as a high school teacher in Raab

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  Roman with the Order of the Iron Crown, which he was awarded in 1873

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  Bust in today's Bratislava

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  Memorial stone from 1910 in the Aquincum Museum, Budapest

Awards

• 1867: Royal Council
• 1873: Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown III. class
• 1876: Titular Abbot of the Johannes Baptista Monastery in Jánosi

Major works

• A Bakony természetrajzi és régészeti vázlata. (The Bakony, a natural geographical and archaeological sketch), Raab 1860
• The archaeological monuments of Bratislava. In: "Pressburg and its surroundings." Pressburg 1865.
• A Bakony-Szombathelyi érem-kincsről. (The Bakony-Szombathely Coin Treasure), 1865
• Műrégészeti kalauz különös tekintettel Magyarországra. (Archaeological guide, with particular reference to Hungary), Pest, 1866
• Catalog des objets hongrois de l'histoire du travail à l'Exposition universelle de 1867. 1867
• Díszlapok a római Könyvtárban őrzött négy Corvin-Codexből. Pest, 1871
• A régi plague. Történeti tanulmány. (The old plague. A historical study), Budapest 1873
• with Ernest Desjardins: Monuments épigraphiques du Musée national hongrois. (The Epigraphic Monuments in the Hungarian National Museum), 1873
• with Ernest Desjardins: A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum római feliratos emlékei. (The Hungarian National Museum and the Roman Monuments Inside), 1873
• Régi falképek Magyarországon. (Old murals in Hungary.) Hoffmann és Molnár, Budapest 1874
• Illustrated guide in the coin and antiquity department of the Hungarian National Museum. Athenoeum printing works, 1870
• Résultats généraux du mouvement archéologique en Hongrie avant la 8e Session du Congrès international d'anthropologie et d'archéologie préhistoriques à Budapest, 1876. Éditions du Musée national hongrois, Budapest 1878

Magazines

• Győri Történeti és Régészeti Füzetek (1861–1868)
• Archaeológiai Értesítő (1868–1872)
• Archaeológiai Közlemények (1864–1873)

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Rómer, Franz Florian . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 26th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1874, p. 330 ( digitized version ).
• Josef Kramny: Register for the yearbook 1856-1861 and for the communications 1856-1902 of the kk Central Commission for Art and Historical Monuments. I. List of authors. Vienna 1909, p. 25 ( Articles by Rómer in these journals) (PDF; 5.1 MB)
• Hubert Reitterer:  Rómer P. Floridus. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 9, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-7001-1483-4 , p. 232 f. (Direct links on p. 232 , p. 233 ).

Remarks

1. ^ ^{A b} Mária G. Aggházy: Baroque sculpture in Hungary. Publishing house of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest 1959. p. 5.
2. ↑ www.wikigallery [1]
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Zsolt Visy: The Pannonian Limes in Hungary . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1988. ISBN 3-8062-0488-8 . P. 14.
4. ↑ Arrabona vol. 9, Xántus János Múzeum, Győr 1967. p. 216.
5. ↑ Arrabona Vol. 7–8, Xántus János Múzeum, Győr 1965. P. 87.
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Lajos Csóka (OSB): History of Benedictine monasticism in Hungary. (= Studia Hungarica 11). R. Trofenik, Munich 1980. pp. 402 f. ( Online ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. In the web edition of the book ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. (accessed on November 10, 2011))  

Web links

Commons : Flóris Rómer  - collection of images, videos and audio files