12. April
The April 12 is the 102nd day of the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years ), thus remaining 263 days until the end of the year.
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Events
Politics and world events
- 238 : Gordian II , from March 19 to April 9, co-regent of his father, the Roman counter-emperor Gordian I , falls in the fight against Capelianus , who remained loyal to Emperor Maximinus Thrax . His father committed suicide that same day.
- 467 : At the suggestion of the powerful army master Ricimer is Anthemius with the support of the Eastern Roman Emperor Leo I the emperor of the Western Roman Empire levied.
- 1229 : The Treaty of Paris marks the end of the Albigensian Crusade . Count Raimund VII of Toulouse suffered considerable losses of territory. Occitania becomes part of the Kingdom of France .
- 1433 : In the Hague Treaty , Jakobäa von Straubing-Holland cedes the counties of Hainaut , Holland, Zealand and Friesland to Philip of Burgundy , after Philip of Burgundy had kidnapped her husband Frank von Borsselen for fear of his inheritance after the Delft Treaty of Reconciliation .
- 1557 : The governor of Quito , Gil Ramírez Dávalos, founded the city of Santa Ana de los Cuatro Ríos de Cuenca , today's Cuenca in Ecuador , on behalf of the viceroy of Peru .
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- 1606 : To emphasize the personal union between England and Scotland , King James I./VI. a common flag of the two countries by decree . The Union Jack is an overlay of the Scottish St. Andrew's Cross with the English St. George's Cross .
- 1609 : In Antwerp , Spain and the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands conclude a twelve-year armistice in the Eighty Years War .
- 1782 : In the Caribbean archipelago Îles des Saintes occurs in the Revolutionary War to the Battle of the Saintes , in which the British fleet under George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney the French under François Joseph Paul de Grasse defeated. This ends the French threat to the British West Indies .
- 1796 : During the Italian campaign , Napoleon Bonaparte and his army defeated Austro-Sardinian troops under the command of General Jean-Pierre de Beaulieu in the Battle of Montenotte .
- 1798 : In Aarau, under French pressure, the Helvetic Republic is constituted in place of the Old Confederation . The French subsidiary republic , created by exporting the revolution , existed until 1803.
- 1809 : In the first battle on Bergisel , the rebellious Tyrolean farmers under Andreas Hofer defeat the Bavarian occupation forces and move into Innsbruck .
- 1814 : By signing the treaty that was presented to him the day before, Napoleon Bonaparte abdicated unconditionally (for the first time) under pressure from the Allies.
- 1848 : The Hecker uprising to achieve the goals of the March Revolution in the Grand Duchy of Baden begins with a popular assembly initiated by Friedrich Hecker and Gustav Struve in the town hall of Constance . The radical democrats do not meet with the popular approval for the Baden revolution .
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- 1861 : The first battle of the American Civil War begins with the attack on Fort Sumter by the Confederate Army under Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard . Fort Sumter near Charleston in South Carolina remained in the possession of the Union after the state's declaration of independence and is under the command of Major Robert Anderson .
- 1862 : During the Andrews raid, Northern soldiers hijack a Western and Atlantic Railroad train to cut communications with the city of Chattanooga , Tennessee, under siege by the Union Army . The action forms the subject of Buster Keaton's film The General in 1926 .
- 1877 : The United Kingdom annexes the Boer Republic of the Transvaal . This leads to massive resistance by the Boers, which escalated three years later in the first Boer War .
- 1893 : German soldiers under the command of Curt von François conquer the Witbooi settlement of Hornkranz in German South West Africa . There are also unarmed men and women among the dead.
- 1927 : With the approval and arms of Chiang Kai-shek , triads under the leadership of Du Yuesheng organize a massacre of communists and workers in Shanghai .
- 1933 : In the Dachau concentration camp are Rudolf Benario , Ernst Goldmann, Arthur Kahn and Erwin Kahn murdered. Benario, Goldmann and Arthur Kahn are the first Jewish victims in a German concentration camp.
- 1945 : After the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt , Harry S. Truman is sworn in as the 33rd US President .
- 1946 : The last French troops leave the former Mandate Syria . The country was officially granted independence by the Forces françaises libres in 1941 , but France still retained de facto control.
- 1957 : 18 leading atomic scientists of the Federal Republic of Germany oppose the atomic armament of the Federal Republic in the Göttingen Declaration . These are Professors Fritz Bopp , Max Born , Rudolf Fleischmann , Walther Gerlach , Otto Hahn , Otto Haxel , Werner Heisenberg , Hans Kopfermann , Max von Laue , Heinz Maier-Leibnitz , Josef Mattauch , Fritz Paneth , Wolfgang Paul , Wolfgang Riezler , Fritz Straßmann , Wilhelm Walcher , Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Karl Wirtz .
- 1968 : The day after the assassination attempt on Rudi Dutschke by Josef Bachmann in Berlin, serious riots broke out in several German cities .
- 1980 : Assassination of incumbent President William R. Tolbert Jr. to putscht Samuel Doe in Liberia to power. Doe, who comes from the Krahn people , ends the almost 150-year rule of the Ameriko-Liberians in the country.
- 1990 : The CDU politician Lothar de Maizière is elected the first democratically legitimized Prime Minister of the GDR after his success in the 1990 Volkskammer election. The de Maizière government is the last in the GDR .
- 1993 : Bosnian War : The NATO operation to militarily enforce the no-fly zone over Bosnia-Herzegovina begins.
- 2002 : In a coup against the Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez , Pedro Carmona is installed as interim president, but has to resign after 36 hours.
- 2003 : In a referendum in Hungary, 83.8% of the voters vote for the planned EU accession . The turnout is 45.6%.
economy
- 1897 : The Vreneli gold coin designed by Fritz Landry is put into circulation in Switzerland as the successor to Helvetia . The coin was initially heavily criticized, but developed into the most famous gold coin in Switzerland .
- 1922 : The Anglo-Czechoslovakian Bank starts business operations as the successor to the Anglo-Austrian Bank .
- 1984 : Almost 20 years after the start of planning, the new West Runway goes into operation at Frankfurt Airport . Because of the still massive protests, the opening ceremony will not be held.
- 1992 : As the first Walt Disney - amusement park in Europe opened Euro Disney Resort Paris in Marne-la-Vallee 30 kilometers east of Paris.
science and technology
- 1789 : The German-British astronomer Wilhelm Herschel discovers the galaxies cataloged as NGC 3310 , NGC 3718 and NGC 3729 while exploring the sky in the constellation Great Bear .
- 1817 : The merger of the University of Halle and the University of Wittenberg creates the United Friedrichs University Halle-Wittenberg in Halle an der Saale . The relocation of the University of Wittenberg had become necessary because the Saxon areas around Wittenberg had been added to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna .
- 1831 : The collapse of the Broughton Suspension Bridge makes the vibration problems of bridges clear as the first resonance catastrophe of a suspension bridge .
- 1849 : The Italian astronomer Annibale De Gasparis is the first to see Hygiea , the third largest asteroid .
- 1928 : The Germans Hermann Köhl and Ehrenfried Günther Freiherr von Hünefeld and the Irishman James Fitzmaurice take off with their Junkers W 33 Bremen from Baldonnel, Ireland for the first Atlantic flight from east to west.
- 1935 : The light twin-engined bomber Bristol Blenheim takes off on its maiden flight in Great Britain .
- 1961 : The Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin flying from Baikonur from aboard Vostok 1 became the first man into space . This marked the beginning of manned space travel , which gave the Soviet Union a head start in the Cold War race . After circumnavigating the earth, Gagarin lands safely on earth again on the same day.
- 1981 : With the STS-1 mission of the Columbia space shuttle , the reusable space shuttle is launched into space for the first time . On board are the commander John Watts Young and the pilot Robert Crippen . The space flight lasts until April 14th.
- 1985 : The world's most powerful floating crane , the McDermott Derrick Barge No. 102 Thialf is laid down. The ship is designed as a semi-submersible and can therefore vary its draft.
Culture
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- 1774 : Staged by Heinrich Gottfried Koch , the Sturm und Drang drama Götz von Berlichingen by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is premiered at the Berlin Comödienhaus .
- 1784 : Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his 17th piano concerto in G major , Köchelverzeichnis 453.
- 1826 : In Covent Garden , London , under the direction of the composer, the world premiere of Carl Maria von Weber's opera Oberon with the libretto by James Planché based on the romantic heroic tale by Christoph Martin Wieland takes place. It is Weber's last opera, who dies of tuberculosis a few weeks after its premiere.
- 1867 : The world premiere of Jacques Offenbach's opera-bouffe The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein with Hortense Schneider in the title role takes place at the Théâtre des Variétés in Paris . The libretto for the operetta was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy .
- 1893 : The Paris Olympia opens its large concert hall under the name Montagnes Russes . The music hall is used by the great artists of the time and also for other events.
- 1930 : The opera Z Mrtvého Domu ( From the House of the Dead ) by Leoš Janáček is premiered in Brno. It is an adaptation of the story Notes from a House of the Dead by Fyodor Dostoyevsky .
- 1950 : The musical comedy The Man with the Top Hat by Just Scheu and Ernst Nebhut is premiered at the Städtische Bühnen Frankfurt am Main .
- 1954 : After moving to Decca Records , Bill Haley recorded the song Rock Around the Clock in New York and helped rock 'n' roll to break through shortly thereafter .
- 1978 : The opera Le Grand Macabre by György Ligeti based on a play by Michel de Ghelderode is premiered at the Royal Opera in Stockholm .
- 1988 : Bernardo Bertolucci 's monumental film The Last Emperor, about the fate of a Chinese ruler, receives nine Oscars at the Academy Awards , including in the categories of Best Film and Best Director .
- 1989 : The GDR version of the Arthurian legend by Christoph Hein , The Knights of the Round Table , premiered at the Dresden State Theater. The piece, with its clear references to the current situation in the GDR, is a success with the public.
- 2018 : The Margravial Opera House in Bayreuth reopened after a six-year renovation phase with the opera Artaserse by Johann Adolph Hasse , with which Bayreuth's performance history began in 1748 .
society
- 1385 : At the double wedding in Cambrai , Johann Ohnefurcht marries Margarete von Straubing-Holland and his sister Margaretha marries her brother Wilhelm II . The French King Charles VI is among the more than 20,000 invited guests . The celebrations for the major event last eight days.
- 1474 : Barbara Gonzaga , daughter of Margrave Luigi III. from the Gonzaga family , married Eberhard V , Count of Württemberg , in Mantua and then followed him to Urach Castle .
- 1861 : Bill Hickok kills gang leader David McCanles and two other men in a shootout at Rock Creek Station on the Oregon Trail and is subsequently named Wild Bill .
- 1980 : The lower leg amputee athlete Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope in Newfoundland , where he wants to raise funds for cancer research. However, he has to stop the run from the Canadian Atlantic to the Pacific coast after running 5373 kilometers.
religion
- 1633 : The Inquisition begins formal questioning of Galileo Galileo in Rome about his doctrine of the heliocentric worldview . He has to move to the Inquisition's premises for 22 days .
- 1937 : The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Opel, Benjamin I. that gives Orthodox Church of Albania , the autocephalous . She can use it to choose her own metropolitan .
Disasters
- 1665 : Margaret Porteous is the first recorded plague -Todesfall the Great Plague of London , which until the Great Fire in 1666 in London rage and environment and will require about 100,000 deaths.
- 1970 : After two fires in which 30 sailors died, the Soviet nuclear submarine K-8 sinks with 22 crew members in the Bay of Biscay .
- 1999 : Near the Robert Daum place in Wuppertal district Elberfeld the happening worst accident of the Wuppertal suspension railway , the 5 dead and 47 injured overwhelmed.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Disaster .
nature and environment
- 1934 : The second highest wind speed ever measured on our planet - outside of tornadoes - near the ground is recorded on Mount Washington in New Hampshire at 372 km / h.
- 1934 : With the release of two pairs of raccoons on the Hessian Edersee , the spread of the animals in Central Europe begins.
Sports
- 1896 : In Hannover is Hannoversche football club from 1896 established where but only just despite the name Rugby is played. It wasn't until 1899 that the club actually turned to football .
- 1953 : The soccer club SG Volkspolizei Dresden is renamed SG Dynamo Dresden and integrated into the sports association Dynamo , the sports organization of the internal security organs in the GDR.
Entries of track and field world records can be found under the respective discipline under track and field .
Born
Before the 18th century
- 811 : Muhammad al-Jawād , ninth imam according to the belief of the Twelve Shiites (Imamites) and thus a direct descendant of the Prophet Mohammed
- 959 : En'yū , 64th Emperor of Japan
- 1116 : Rikissa , Polish princess
- 1432 : Anna , Duchess of Saxony, Landgrave of Thuringia and Duchess of Luxembourg
- 1481 : Hieronymus Schurff , German lawyer
- 1484 : Antonio da Sangallo the Younger , Italian architect and fortress builder
- 1500 : Joachim Camerarius the Elder , German humanist, polymath and poet
- 1526 : Marcus Antonius Muretus , French humanist
- 1530 : Heinrich Moller , German Protestant theologian
- 1550 : Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford , English nobleman, Lord Great Chamberlain at the court of Elizabeth I, possible author of Shakespeare's works
- 1577 : Christian IV , King of Denmark and Norway
- 1579 : François de Bassompierre , French diplomat and Marshal of France
- 1627 : Christoph Arnold , German theologian, hymn poet and poet
- 1666 : Pierre Le Gros the Younger , French sculptor in Rome
- 1670 : Gustav Samuel Leopold , last Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Kleeburg and Pfalz-Zweibrücken
- 1697 : Anton Pichler , German gem cutter
18th century
- 1710 : Caffarelli , Italian opera singer (castrato)
- 1713 : Guillaume Thomas François Raynal , French writer
- 1722 : Pietro Nardini , Italian composer and violinist
- 1723 : Franz Anton Bustelli , Swiss sculptor and modeler
- 1724 : Lyman Hall , one of the founding fathers of the USA
- 1729 : Georg Thomas von Asch , Russian city physicist, division doctor, chief doctor, general staff doctor and field marshal
- 1748 : Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu , French botanist
- 1752 : Johann Alois Schneider , German bishop
- 1760 : Franz Bühler , German Benedictine monk, musician and composer
- 1760 : Jean-François Thomas de Thomon , Franco-Russian architect
- 1768 : Christopher G. Champlin , American politician
- 1777 : Henry Clay , US Secretary of State
- 1782 : Christian Friedrich Spittler , Secretary of the Basel Christianity Society
- 1787 : Joseph Ignaz Ritter , German Catholic theologian and church historian
- 1792 : John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham , British statesman of the Whig Party
- 1794 : Germinal Pierre Dandelin , Belgian mathematician
- 1799 : Henri Druey , Swiss lawyer, philosopher, politician
19th century
1801-1850
- 1801 : Joseph Lanner , Austrian composer and violinist
- 1803 : Johann Wilhelm Zinkeisen , German historian
- 1803 : Anton Wilhelm von Zuccalmaglio , German poet musician
- 1805 : Johannes Zeltner , honorary citizen in Wittenberg
- 1810 : Heinrich von Rustige , German painter
- 1812 : Alexander von Villers , Austrian writer and diplomat
- 1812 : Girolamo d'Andrea , Italian cardinal
- 1812 : Hermann Hunaeus , German architect
- 1812 : Karl Ziegler , Austrian poet
- 1814 : Franz von Wertheim , Austrian industrialist
- 1821 : Samuel G. Arnold , American politician
- 1823 : Alexander Nikolajewitsch Ostrowski , Russian playwright
- 1825 : Ludwig Thiersch , German painter
- 1828 : Charles Foster , American politician
- 1829 : Augustin Feyen-Perrin , French painter
- 1829 : Richard Lucae , German architect; Director of the Berlin Building Academy
- 1830 : Julius von Horst , Austrian major general and statesman
- 1831 : Constantin Meunier , Belgian sculptor and painter
- 1831 : George Burgwyn Anderson , Confederate General of America
- 1835 : Isidoro Errázuriz , Ambassador of the Republic of Chile to Brazil
- 1838 : Karl Julius Späth , German inventor and designer, watchmaker
- 1839 : Nikolai Michailowitsch Prschewalski , Russian explorer
- 1840 : Edmond Audran , French organist and composer
- 1844 : Franz Kullak , German pianist and composer
- 1846 : Georg Oeder , German landscape painter
- 1849 : Albert Heim , Swiss geologist
1851-1900
- 1851 : Edward Walter Maunder , English astronomer and Bible researcher
- 1852 : Agnes Sapper , German writer
- 1852 : Ferdinand von Lindemann , German mathematician
- 1852 : Eduard Schulze , German officer and traveler
- 1853 : Wilhelm Augst , German politician
- 1856 : Ernst Maass , German classical philologist
- 1858 : Alfred Agster , German politician
- 1862 : Jean-Baptiste Reboul , French chef
- 1863 : Elias Erkko , Finnish writer
- 1863 : Eberhard Savary , German-Baltic pastor and Protestant martyr
- 1864 : Theodor Rehbock , German hydraulic engineer and professor in Karlsruhe
- 1866 : Viktoria von Prussia , daughter of Empress Victoria and Emperor Friedrich III.
- 1870 : Jakob Koch , German wrestler, world and European champion from Neuss
- 1871 : August Endell , German Art Nouveau architect
- 1871 : Ioannis Metaxas , general and politician in Greece
- 1872 : Georges Urbain , French chemist
- 1872 : Karl Otto Uhlig , Minister of the Interior of Saxony
- 1873 : Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney , French Bahai
- 1874 : Otto Hauser , Swiss prehistory researcher
- 1874 : William Henry Foulke , English football player and coach
- 1875 : Stanisław Adamski , Polish Bishop of Katowice and politician
- 1875 : Hugo Sinzheimer , German legal scholar
- 1876 : Carl Heinrich Becker , German orientalist, university reformer, politician, Prussian minister of education
- 1876 : Eduard Götz , German master painter, decorative painter and painter
- 1878 : Richard Goldschmidt , German biologist and geneticist
- 1878 : Robert Pracht , German school musician and composer
- 1879 : Fred H. Brown , American politician
- 1879 : Ernst Wandersleb , German balloonist, photographer, physicist
- 1881 : Walther Adam , German industrialist and art collector
- 1881 : Rudolf Ramek , Austrian lawyer and politician
- 1883 : Otto Bartning , German architect and architectural theorist
- 1883 : Francis Cadell , Scottish painter
- 1883 : Imogen Cunningham , American photographer
- 1884 : Otto Fritz Meyerhof , German-American biochemist
- 1885 : Ernst Beutler , German literary historian and Goethe researcher
- 1885 : Fritz Schuler , German politician, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag
- 1885 : Hermann Hoth , German officer in the Prussian army
- 1885 : Robert Delaunay , French painter
- 1885 : Julio Ortiz de Zárate , Chilean painter and sculptor
- 1886 : Christian Lahusen , German composer
- 1886 : Fritz Henßler , German printer and politician, MdR
- 1886 : Paul Buchner , German zoologist and cytologist
- 1887 : Harold Lockwood , American actor
- 1888 : Dan Ahearn , American athlete
- 1888 : Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola , Ecuadorian banker and president
- 1888 : Cecil Kimber , English automobile designer
- 1888 : Heinrich Neuhaus , Ukrainian pianist
- 1891 : Hans Rothfels , German historian
- 1892 : Johnny Dodds , American jazz clarinetist
- 1894 : Otto Arnholz , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1895 : Lucie Adelsberger , German doctor
- 1895 : Giovanni Panico , Italian cardinal
- 1895 : Robert Mulka , adjutant to the commander in Auschwitz concentration camp, war criminal
- 1897 : Karl Apel , German theologian
- 1897 : Julio Cueva , Cuban trumpeter and composer
- 1899 : Qanysch Sätbajew , Kazakh geologist
- 1900 : Joe Lapchick , American basketball player and coach
- 1900 : Franz Lippert , German politician (CSU) and State Secretary
20th century
1901-1925
- 1902 : Louis Beel , Dutch politician and Prime Minister
- 1903 : Arthur Geiss , German motorcycle racer
- 1903 : Rudolf Hotzenköcherle , Swiss linguist
- 1903 : Jan Tinbergen , Dutch mathematician and economist
- 1904 : Paul Dahlke , German actor
- 1905 : Günther Sewald , German politician
- 1905 : Karl Brunner , German politician
- 1906 : Feliks Rączkowski , Polish organist, composer and music teacher
- 1907 : Eugène Chaboud , French Formula 1 and sports car racing driver
- 1907 : Imogen Holst , British music writer, composer and conductor
- 1907 : Joan Grant , British writer
- 1908 : Virginia Cherrill , American actress
- 1909 : Walter Schmiele , German writer and translator
- 1909 : Jean Trémoulet , French racing driver and resistance fighter
- 1910 : Hugo von Wallis , German lawyer
- 1912 : Fritz Arlt , German functionary
- 1912 : Georges Franju , French film director
- 1913 : Keiko Fukuda , American judoka of Japanese origin
- 1913 : Fritz Fromm , German handball player
- 1914 : Gretel Bergmann , German athlete
- 1915 : Ernst Bornemann , German sex researcher
- 1915 : Kurt Früh , Swiss film director
- 1915 : Lujo Tončić-Sorinj , Austrian Foreign Minister and diplomat
- 1915 : Wolfhart Burdenski , German judge at the Federal Social Court
- 1915 : Hound Dog Taylor , American singer, pianist, and guitarist
- 1916 : Robert Austrian , American bacteriologist, immunologist and medical doctor
- 1916 : Russell Garcia , American composer and arranger
- 1916 : Heinz Werner , German soccer player and coach
- 1917 : Helen Forrest , American singer
- 1917 : Robert Manzon , French Formula 1 racing driver
- 1918 : Gustav Lübbe , German publisher
- 1919 : Billy Vaughn , American band leader
- 1920 : Armin Mohler , Swiss publicist, writer and journalist
- 1920 : Raymond Mhlaba , South African politician and civil rights activist
- 1921 : Günter Gerhard Lange , German type designer, typographer and teacher
- 1921 : Slim Dortch , American country and rockabilly musician
- 1921 : Shakey Jake Harris , American blues singer
- 1922 : Edwin Thomas Astley , British film composer
- 1923 : Ann Miller , American actress and dancer
- 1923 : Ernst Aust , German politician
- 1924 : Peter Safar , American anesthetist
- 1924 : Raymond Barre , French politician
- 1925 : Alfred Beck , German soccer player
1926-1950
- 1926 : Said Ramadan , Egyptian Muslim activist
- 1926 : Jane Withers , American actress
- 1928 : Hardy Krüger , German film actor
- 1928 : Jean-François Paillard , French conductor
- 1930 : Dietrich Aigner , German historian and librarian
- 1930 : Bruno Benthien , German economist and Minister for Tourism in the GDR
- 1930 : Bubi Scholz , German boxer
- 1930 : Vladimír Skalický , Czech botanist
- 1931 : Chico Anysio , Brazilian actor, writer, comedian and composer
- 1932 : Lakshman Kadirgamar , Sri Lankan politician
- 1932 : Tiny Tim , American singer
- 1933 : Günther Eisenreich , German mathematician
- 1933 : Michael Petzet , German preservationist
- 1933 : Anicetas Uogelė , Lithuanian chess player
- 1933 : Montserrat Caballé , Spanish opera singer
- 1934 : Michael Grzimek , German wildlife filmmaker and zoologist
- 1935 : Jimmy Makulis , Greek pop singer
- 1935 : Cora Roberts , German actress
- 1936 : Tony Earl , American politician
- 1936 : Charles Napier , American actor
- 1937 : Igor Petrovich Wolk , Soviet cosmonaut and pilot
- 1938 : Ernst Halter , Swiss writer, translator and editor
- 1938 : Norman Paech , German professor emeritus
- 1939 : Alan Ayckbourn , British playwright
- 1939 : Heinz Friedrich Benner , German politician
- 1939 : Peter Giger , Swiss percussionist and band leader
- 1940 : Herbie Hancock , American musician
- 1940 : Jack Hibberd , Australian playwright and author
- 1941 : Bobby Moore , English football player
- 1941 : Iain Quarrier , Canadian actor
- 1941 : Dieter Auch , German politician
- 1942 : Carlos Reutemann , Argentine Formula 1 racing driver and politician
- 1942 : Jacob Zuma , South African politician
- 1942 : Peter Sünnenwold , mayor of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck
- 1943 : Gerd Udo Feller , German actor
- 1943 : Lothar Kobluhn , German football player
- 1943 : Michael Otto , German manager at Otto-Versand
- 1944 : Andrew Arbuckle , Scottish politician
- 1944 : John Kay , German-Canadian rock musician
- 1944 : Karel Kryl , Czech songwriter and poet
- 1944 : Patric Schmid , American founder of the "Opera Rara"
- 1945 : Miller Anderson , British rock musician, guitarist and singer
- 1945 : Rainer Feist , German military person at the NATO headquarters SHAPE
- 1945 : Felipe Lara , Spanish flamenco singer
- 1945 : Kiyoko Murata , Japanese writer
- 1945 : Sigrid Skarpelis-Sperk , German politician
- 1946 : Ed O'Neill , American actor
- 1946 : Ria Endres , German writer
- 1947 : Ali Arslan , German writer
- 1947 : Tom Clancy , American writer
- 1947 : David Letterman , American talk show host
- 1948 : Joschka Fischer , German politician
- 1948 : Marcello Lippi , Italian football coach
- 1949 : Anke Eymer , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
- 1949 : Walter Pradt , German football player
- 1949 : Scott Turow , American lawyer and author
- 1950 : Georgi Ananiev , Bulgarian politician
- 1950 : David Bruce Cassidy , American actor and singer
- 1950 : Flavio Briatore , Italian Formula 1 manager
- 1950 : Joachim Knape , German professor of general rhetoric
- 1950 : Werner Boschmann , German author, translator and publisher
- 1950 : Emilio Del Guercio , Argentinian rock guitarist and bassist
1951-1975
- 1951 : Ray Mallock , British racing car driver and racing team owner
- 1952 : Hellmut Hattler , German musician
- 1952 : Christof Wetterich , German theoretical physicist
- 1953 : Anne Abernathy , luge rider from the Virgin Islands
- 1953 : Reinhard Gerer , Austrian cook
- 1953 : Michaela Scheday , Austrian actress and director
- 1954 : Steve Stevaert , Belgian politician
- 1954 : Pat Travers , Canadian blues-rock guitarist
- 1955 : Eraldo Pecci , Italian football player
- 1955 : Jean-Louis Aubert , French singer and composer
- 1955 : Otari Ionowitsch Arshba , Russian politician
- 1955 : Nils Gaup , Norwegian film director
- 1955 : Viktor Arnar Ingólfsson , Icelandic writer
- 1956 : Andy García , American actor
- 1956 : Herbert Grönemeyer , German music producer, singer and actor
- 1956 : Andreas Hejj , German professor
- 1956 : Walter Salles , Brazilian film director
- 1956 : Yasuo Tanaka , Japanese writer and politician
- 1957 : Wolfgang Baasch , German politician
- 1957 : Vince Gill , American country musician
- 1957 : Tama Janowitz , American writer
- 1957 : Alex Lauzon , Austrian author and poker player
- 1957 : Wolfhard Pencz , German clarinetist and university professor
- 1958 : Roland Dalhäuser , Swiss athlete
- 1958 : Bernard Fellay , Swiss religious priest and bishop
- 1958 : Ginka Sagortschewa , Bulgarian athlete
- 1958 : Klaus Tafelmeier , German athlete and Olympic participant
- 1959 : Andy Bausch , Luxembourg film director
- 1960 : Viktor Moskalenko , Ukrainian chess grandmaster
- 1961 : Lisa Gerrard , Australian musician and singer
- 1961 : Christophe Rousset , French harpsichordist and conductor
- 1961 : Axel Wöstmann , German lawyer and rower
- 1962 : Sepp Daxenberger , German politician
- 1962 : Éric Laboureix , French freestyle skier
- 1962 : Reinhold Mathy , German soccer player
- 1962 : Carlos Sainz , Spanish rally driver
- 1963 : Kerstin Knüpfer , German handball player
- 1963 : Rolf Steimke , German author
- 1964 : Ross Cheever , American racing car driver
- 1964 : Claudia Jung , German singer
- 1964 : Pandora Peaks , American stripper and model
- 1964 : Ray van Zeschau , German singer, photographer, filmmaker and journalist
- 1965 : Kim Bodnia , Danish film actor
- 1965 : Ellen Lohr , German motor sportsperson
- 1966 : Rigmor Gustafsson , Swedish jazz singer
- 1966 : Nils-Olav Johansen , Norwegian jazz guitarist and singer
- 1968 : Guido Schiefen , German cellist
- 1969 : Lucas Radebe , South African soccer player
- 1971 : Nicholas Brendon , American actor
- 1971 : Shannen Doherty , American actress
- 1971 : Christophe Moreau , French racing cyclist
- 1972 : René Cattarinussi , Italian biathlete
- 1972 : Şebnem Ferah , Turkish artist of pop and rock music
- 1973 : Roberto Ayala , Argentine soccer player
- 1973 : Ryan Kisor , American jazz trumpeter
- 1973 : Joël Lautier , French chess master
- 1973 : Christian Panucci , Italian football player
- 1973 : Michael Watzke , German radio journalist
- 1974 : Belinda Emmett , Australian actress and presenter
- 1974 : Roman Hamrlík , Czech ice hockey player
- 1974 : Antje Rávic Strubel , German writer
- 1974 : Sylvinho , Brazilian soccer player
- 1975 : Samuli Aro , Finnish motorcyclist
- 1975 : Anja Nejarri , German film and television actress
- 1975 : Stefan Stankalla , German ski racer
1976-2000
- 1976 : Kuok Io Keong , Macau racing car driver
- 1976 : Olga Kotlyarova , Russian sprinter and middle-distance runner
- 1977 : Tobias Angerer , German cross-country skier
- 1977 : Giovanny Espinoza , Ecuadorian soccer player
- 1977 : Sarah Monahan , Australian actress
- 1977 : Sven Schuhmacher , German editor, presenter and singer
- 1978 : Stanislaw Angelov , Bulgarian football player
- 1978 : Guy Berryman , Scottish musician
- 1978 : Natalie Grams , German doctor and homeopathic critic
- 1978 : Ercandize , German rapper
- 1978 : Max Schradin , German TV presenter
- 1979 : Carolina la O , Colombian singer and actress
- 1979 : Claire Danes , American actress
- 1979 : Mateja Kežman , Serbian football player
- 1979 : Jennifer Morrison , American actress
- 1979 : Sergio Pellissier , Italian football player
- 1980 : Krešimir Ivanković , Croatian handball player
- 1980 : Diane Marshall-Green , American actress
- 1980 : Brian McFadden , Irish pop singer
- 1980 : Erik Mongrain , French-Canadian guitarist and composer
- 1981 : Juri Michailowitsch Borsakowski , Russian athlete
- 1981 : Nicolás Burdisso , Argentinian football player
- 1982 : Tamer Bayoumi , Egyptian Taekwondoin
- 1982 : Ryan Dalziel , British racing driver
- 1983 : Jelena Dokić , Australian tennis player
- 1983 : Sak Noel , Spanish DJ, music producer and music video director
- 1983 : Julia Bamberg , German radio presenter
- 1984 : Emma Bedschanjan , Armenian singer
- 1985 : Şəhriyar Məmmədyarov , Azerbaijani chess grandmaster
- 1986 : Blerim Džemaili , Swiss football player
- 1986 : Matt McGorry , American actor
- 1986 : Marcel Granollers , Spanish tennis player
- 1986 : Jonathan Pitroipa , Burkinabe soccer player
- 1987 : Brooklyn Decker , American model and actress
- 1988 : Tone Damli , Norwegian singer
- 1988 : Miquel Julià Perello , Spanish racing car driver
- 1988 : Michaël Rossi , French racing car driver
- 1989 : Cédric Ramothe , French cyclist
- 1989 : ILoveMakonnen , American rapper
- 1989 : Valentin Stocker , Swiss soccer player
- 1990 : Rahmat Adianto , Indonesian badminton player
- 1990 : Andreas Nilsson , Swedish handball player
- 1990 : Eetu Vähäsöyrinki , Finnish Nordic combined skier
- 1991 : Daniel Littau , German actor
- 1993 : Jordan Archer , Scottish football goalkeeper
- 1993 : Katelyn Pippy , American actress
- 1994 : Eric Bailly , Ivorian soccer player
- 1994 : Saoirse Ronan , Irish actress
- 1995 : Eric Loughran , American freestyle skier
- 1996 : Alina Grijseels , German handball player
- 1996 : Anton Salétros , Swedish football player
- 2000 : David Hogg , American activist
- 2000 : Suzanna von Nathusius , Polish children's television star
21st century
- 2001 : Anna Twardosz , Polish ski jumper
- 2002 : Max Krauthausen , German child actor
- 2003 : Peter DaCunha , Canadian actor
Died
Before the 15th century
- 238 : Gordian I , Roman emperor
- 238 : Gordian II , Roman emperor
- 352 : Julius I , Bishop of Rome and thus Pope since 337
- 403 : Epiphanius of Salamis , Bishop of Salamis in Cyprus
- 1050 : Alferio Pappacarbone , founder of the Benedictine abbey of Cava de 'Tirreni, saint
- 1107 : Burkhard von Fenis , Bishop of Basel
- 1111 : Berthold II , Duke of Swabia
- 1111 : Walram von Schwarzburg , Bishop of Naumburg
- 1125 : Vladislav I , Duke of Bohemia from the Premyslid family
- 1167 : Charles VII King of Sweden (1161–1167)
- 1206 : Diethelm von Krenkingen ; Abbot of Reichenau and Bishop of Constance
- 1237 : Berengaria of León , Empress of the Latin Empire of Constantinople
- 1257 : Schadschar ad-Durr , Sultana in Egypt
- 1307 : Humbert I , Seigneur de La Tour-du-Pin and Daupin von Viennois
- 1323 : Rigaud de Asserio , Bishop of Winchester
15th and 16th centuries
- 1411 : Robert I , Duke of Bar
- 1415 : Walram III. , French nobleman, Connétable of France
- 1418 : Sebastian Stempfl , Bishop of Brixen
- 1439 : Johann I , Duke of Glogau and Sagan
- 1469 : Peter von Schaumberg , Bishop of Augsburg
- 1476 : Dietrich III. von Schönberg , Bishop of Meissen
- 1479 : Bernhard Darsow , councilor of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck
- 1487 : Rudolf IV. , Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Count of Neuenburg am See
- 1500 : Leonhard , last Count of Görz from the Meinhardin family
- 1517 : Heinrich IV. Von Lichtenau , Bishop of Augsburg
- 1519 : Georgius Eberhard , abbot in the monastery of St. Blasien in the southern Black Forest
- 1521 : Piero di Cosimo , Italian painter and draftsman
- 1524 : Adriana von Hanau , Countess of Solms zu Lich
- 1530 : Joan of Castile , Princess of Castile and Queen of Portugal
- 1550 : Claude de Lorraine , first Duke of Guise
- 1555 : Joan of Castile , queen and titular queen of Castile and Aragon
- 1572 : Jean Crespin , Geneva lawyer of French origin, author and printer
- 1590 : Samuel Apiarius , Swiss printer and music publisher
17th and 18th centuries
- 1602 : Nikolaus von Reusner , German legal scholar
- 1638 : Shirō Amakusa , Japanese rebel
- 1643 : Nikolaus Hunnius , German Lutheran theologian
- 1645 : Sigismund Heusner von Wandersleben , German officer and politician
- 1648 : Katharina Belgica of Orange-Nassau , Countess of Hanau-Munzenberg
- 1666 : Johann Rudolf Wettstein , Swiss politician and mayor of Basel
- 1722 : Antonio Zanchi , Italian painter
- 1725 : Giovanni Battista Foggini , Italian sculptor and architect
- 1726 : Vincenzo Olivicciani gen. Vincenzino , Italian singer and neuter
- 1733 : Christian Meltzer , German pastor and chronicler of the Ore Mountains
- 1743 : Augustine Washington , British landowner in Virginia, father of George Washington
- 1748 : William Kent , English architect, garden designer, landscape painter and interior designer
- 1750 : Georg Wilhelm Henning , German-Russian engineer, designer, officer and organizer
- 1751 : Sigismund von Kollonitz , Archbishop of Vienna and Cardinal
- 1758 : Antoine de Jussieu , French physicist and botanist
- 1760 : Ernst Gottlieb Baron , German composer and lutenist
- 1766 : Johann Jakob Zehender , Swiss Protestant clergyman and local researcher
- 1782 : Pietro Metastasio , Italian poet and librettist
- 1793 : Hans Arentz , Norwegian judge and political and topographical author
- 1797 : Johann Georg Bach , son of Johann Ernst Bach
19th century
- 1804 : Amalie Christina Gylding , German porcelain painter
- 1808 : Johann Samuel Petri , German composer, pedagogue, cantor and author
- 1814 : Charles Burney , British composer and music historian
- 1817 : Charles Messier , French astronomer
- 1818 : Barbara Schulthess , citizen of Zurich, friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Caspar Lavater
- 1824 : Christian Gottlieb Kluge the Younger , German Protestant theologian and educator
- 1827 : Friederike Auguste Sophie von Anhalt-Bernburg , German princess
- 1828 : Leopold Layer , Slovenian painter
- 1830 : Christian Wilhelm Ahlwardt , German professor
- 1832 : Shadrach Bond , American politician
- 1840 : Franz Anton von Gerstner Austrian engineer and railway pioneer
- 1851 : Martin Schrettinger , German priest and librarian
- 1862 : Adley Hogan Gladden , Brigadier General of the Army of the Confederate States of America in the Civil War
- 1865 : Georg von Stockau , Austrian politician and landowner
- 1867 : Ottokar Maria von Attems , Austrian prince-bishop
- 1867 : Johann Christian Friedrich Tuch , German orientalist
- 1870 : Ernst Siegfried Mittler , German publisher
- 1878 : François Schubert , German concertmaster and composer
- 1878 : Gustav Heckenast , Hungarian bookseller, publisher and printer
- 1894 : Ludwig Pfau , German poet and revolutionary
- 1896 : Carl Humann , German engineer, architect and archaeologist
- 1898 : Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau , Canadian cardinal
20th century
1901-1950
- 1901 : Emilie Kempin-Spyri , first woman to receive a doctorate in law as a lawyer and to qualify as a professor
- 1902 : Alfred Cornu , French physicist
- 1907 : Otto Leixner von Grünberg , Austrian writer and literary historian
- 1912 : Clara Barton , American philanthropist
- 1917 : Elisabeth Gnauck-Kühne , German women's rights activist
- 1917 : Franziskus von Bettinger , German clergyman, Archbishop of Munich and Freising
- 1922 : František Ondříček , Czech violinist and composer
- 1922 : George Henry Wilson , American dentist and university professor
- 1923 : Ernst Schwerdtner , director of the royal Saxon teachers' college in Annaberg
- 1930 : Joseph König , German chemist
- 1933 : Adelbert Ames , American general during the Civil War
- 1933 : Lola Artot de Padilla , French-Spanish soprano
- 1933 : Rudolf Benario , German economist, one of the first Jews to be murdered in the Dachau concentration camp
- 1933 : Andreas Blunck , German lawyer and politician
- 1933 : Carl Ulrich , German politician and first Prime Minister of the People's State of Hesse
- 1938 : Fyodor Ivanovich Chalyapin , Russian opera singer
- 1938 : Johannes Thienemann , German ornithologist
- 1944 : Adolf Wagner , German politician, Gauleiter of Munich, Bavarian minister and SA general
- 1944 : Adrian Warburton , British pilot in World War II
- 1945 : Vilém Mathesius , Prague linguist, historian and English scholar
- 1945 : Franklin D. Roosevelt , American politician, 32nd four-term President of the United States ( New Deal, Good Neigbor Policy )
- 1945 : Emil Stepanek , Austrian film architect
- 1947 : Juana la Macarrona , Spanish flamenco dancer
1951-2000
- 1955 : WH Anderson , Canadian singer, choir director and vocal teacher
- 1957 : Wilhelm Niklas , German politician and Federal Minister
- 1958 : Alice Verne-Bredt , English composer, pianist and music teacher
- 1959 : Grete Teege , German state politician, MdL
- 1960 : Walter Peterhans , German photographer
- 1961 : Nils-Eric Fougstedt , Finnish composer and conductor
- 1961 : Imre Sarkadi , Hungarian writer
- 1962 : Hermann Clausen , Danish-German politician
- 1962 : Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer , Austrian novelist, playwright and poet
- 1962 : Nils Erik Hellsten , Swedish fencer
- 1963 : Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz , Polish philosopher and logician
- 1963 : Herbie Nichols , American jazz pianist and composer
- 1964 : Barbara Henneberger , German ski racer
- 1966 : Sydney Allard , British racing driver and founder of the Allard Motor Company
- 1968 : Heinrich Nordhoff , German entrepreneur
- 1971 : Igor Evgenjewitsch Tamm , Soviet physicist of Russian-German origin, Nobel Prize winner
- 1972 : CW Ceram , German journalist and science writer
- 1973 : Arthur Freed , American musical producer and songwriter
- 1973 : Fritz Neumayer , German politician, Member of the State Parliament, State Minister, Member of the Bundestag, Federal Minister
- 1975 : Alf Steen Andersen , Norwegian ski jumper
- 1975 : Josephine Baker , American dancer, singer, and actress
- 1976 : Emilio Amero , Mexican painter, graphic artist and photographer
- 1976 : Eugène-Nestor de Kermadec , French painter
- 1979 : Karl Anton , Czech film director, screenwriter and film producer
- 1980 : Abel Ferreira , Brazilian composer
- 1980 : Maria Dietz , German politician and Member of the Bundestag
- 1980 : Clark McConachy , New Zealand snooker player and world champion in English billiards
- 1980 : William R. Tolbert Jr. , President of Liberia
- 1981 : Hendrik Andriessen , Dutch composer
- 1981 : Yasuhiko Asaka , Japanese nobleman and general
- 1981 : Hans Chemin-Petit , German composer
- 1981 : Joe Louis , American boxer
- 1981 : Jaap van Praag , Dutch organizer
- 1981 : Matthias Domaschk , German civil rights activist in the GDR
- 1986 : Valentin Petrovich Katajew , Soviet playwright and novelist
- 1988 : Alan Paton , South African writer
- 1989 : Sugar Ray Robinson , American boxer
- 1989 : Ursula von Brockdorff , Minister of Social Affairs of Schleswig-Holstein
- 1989 : Tilda Thamar , Argentine film actress and painter
- 1990 : Luis Trenker , Austrian-Italian mountaineer, actor, director and writer from South Tyrol
- 1990 : Kitagawa Fuyuhiko , Japanese poet and theater critic
- 1992 : Joachim Cadenbach , German actor and television presenter
- 1997 : Kurt Laqueur , German diplomat
- 1999 : Boxcar Willie , American country singer
21st century
- 2004 : Rudolf Rolfs , German satirist and theater director
- 2005 : Lucien Laurent , French soccer player
- 2005 : Barney Poole , American football player
- 2006 : Kazuo Kuroki , Japanese director and screenwriter
- 2006 : Christiane Maybach , German actress
- 2006 : Shekhar Mehta , Kenyan rally driver
- 2006 : Günther Schwab , Austrian writer
- 2008 : Dieter Eppler , German actor
- 2008 : Patrick Hillery , Irish President
- 2009 : Sitara Atschiksai , German-Afghan politician and women's rights activist
- 2009 : Marilyn Chambers , American actress
- 2009 : Ephraim Silas Obot , Nigerian bishop
- 2009 : Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick , American gender theorist and author
- 2009 : John Maddox , British chemist and science journalist
- 2010 : Wolfgang Graßl , German ski racer and trainer
- 2010 : Werner Schroeter , German director
- 2011 : Miroslav Tichý , Czech photographer and painter
- 2012 : Burkhard Asmuss , German historian
- 2012 : Vladimir Astapovsky , Soviet football goalkeeper
- 2012 : Rolf Idler , German theater actor
- 2015 : Mario Wallenda , American tightrope artist
- 2015 : Egon Winkelmann , German diplomat
- 2016 : Balls Mahoney , American wrestler
- 2016 : Arnold Wesker , British writer
- 2017 : Charlie Murphy , American comedian
- 2018 : Reinhard Düchting , German philologist
- 2018 : Sergio Pitol , Mexican literary scholar, diplomat and writer
- 2019 : Ivor Broadis , British football player
- 2020 : Stirling Moss , British racing car driver
Holidays and memorial days
- Church memorial days
- Petrus Valdes , French preacher and church founder (Protestant)
- St. Julius I , Roman bishop, pope and patron saint (Catholic)
- St. Zenon of Verona , Mauritanian-Roman Bishop (Catholic and Orthodox)
- Name days
- State holidays and memorial days
The list of commemorative and action days contains further entries .
Web links
Commons : April 12th - Collection of images, videos and audio files
