1766

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Calendar overview 1766
1766
Franz Xaver Wolfgang von Orsini-Rosenberg
Franz Xaver Wolfgang von Orsini-Rosenberg
becomes First Minister
in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany .
Louis Antoine de Bougainville
Louis Antoine de Bougainville sets out on a circumnavigation of the world
with the frigate
La Boudeuse .
Francisco de Goya: Madrid hat riot
The hat riot breaks out in Madrid .
1766 in other calendars
Armenian calendar 1214/15 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar 1758/59 (turn of the year 10/11 September)
Bengali solar calendar 1171/72 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar 2309/10 (southern Buddhism); 2308/09 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar 74th (75th) cycle

Year of the fire dog丙戌 ( at the beginning of the year wood rooster 乙酉)

Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) 1128/29 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea) 4099/4100 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar 1144/45 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar 1179/80 (June 8/9)
Jewish calendar 5526/27 (September 3-4)
Coptic calendar 1482/83 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar 941/942
Seleucid era Babylon: 2076/77 (turn of the year April)

Syria: 2077/78 (turn of the year October)

Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) 1822/23 (turn of the year April)

events

Politics and world events

Madrid hat riot

Engraving by Motín de Esquilache from 1766

The Spanish government in Madrid under Prime Minister Jerónimo Grimaldi and his closest advisor Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marqués de Esquilache , banned its citizens from wearing the round broad-brimmed hat ( sombrero redondo ) and long coat on March 10 as part of a radical reform program . Anger in the population triggers the Madrid hat riot ( Motín de Esquilache ) 13 days later on Palm Sunday , which spreads rapidly across the country from Madrid. King Carlos III flees to Aranjuez and leaves the government to the moderate reform minister Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, conde de Aranda . The latter orders that the uprising be put down by military means, but the troops cannot restore the authority of state power. It is only thanks to the intervention of two Jesuits that the rebels give in to minor concessions and the dismissal of de Esquilache. The Marqués leaves the country via Cartagena and embarks for Naples. The Jesuit order , which made a significant contribution to the containment of the uprising, is subsequently suspected of being the mastermind against any evidence .

Lorraine

The Duchy of Lorraine , formerly part of the Holy Roman Empire is, after the death of Duke Stanisław I on February 23, according to the provisions of the Treaty of Vienna from 1738 as a province of France annexed.

Scandinavia

King Christian VII

Friedrich V , who died on January 14, is followed by his almost 17-year-old son Christian VII as King of Denmark and Norway , who also becomes Duke of Schleswig and Holstein . Government affairs leads first, when it belonged to his father, the secret council called the Cabinet , in particular, Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff , chairman of the German firm . But after just a few days, the new king dismisses the long-serving court marshal Adam Gottlob von Moltke . At the age of seventeen he married his fifteen-year-old cousin Caroline Mathilde of Great Britain on November 8th at Christiansborg Palace , to whom he was engaged two years ago, but to whom he publicly declares that he does not love her.

Austria

In Austria is Codex Theresianus developed. This civil law code is still strongly Romanistic, casuistic and very extensive and, on the advice of Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz-Rietberg, never receives legal status.

Great Britain and its colonies

The stamp law is carried to the grave

The British Parliament raises the declaratory act of March 18, the Stamp Act on which the North American colonies has triggered resistance. At the same time, however, it states that it naturally and in principle has the right to enact laws for the American colonies in every respect .

William Pitt (the Elder),
1st Earl of Chatham

Due to internal differences within the Whig Party, Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham , resigns as Prime Minister of Great Britain in June . King George III then instructs his party colleague William Pitt to form a government. He takes over the post of Lord Seal Keeper and enters the House of Lords with the newly created title of Earl of Chatham , which costs him numerous sympathies from his voters. The previous Foreign Secretary Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton , becomes First Lord of the Treasury .

Asia

Hsinbyushin on his war elephant

In the Siamese-Burmese War , the siege of the Siamese capital Ayutthaya by the Burmese ruler Hsinbyushin from the Konbaung dynasty begins with around 50,000 men . King Ekathat offers to surrender, but Hsinbyushin wants the total destruction of the Ayutthaya kingdom . On January 20, the Siamese made a sortie with roughly the same troop strength, but their vanguard was so panicked by a volley of muskets that they flee back into their own ranks. Thousands of Siamese are killed by the pursuing Burmese. Siam tries to provide relief with around 10,000 men, but the Burmese hold their positions.

In December, the Siamese make one final effort to break the Burmese siege by using gunboats to attack the Burman’s underwater entrenchments. They are repulsed again with great losses. Phaya Taksin withdraws from the capital with around 500 soldiers in order to build up a new force in the east of the country.

business

Franz Xaver Wolfgang von Orsini-Rosenberg , first minister in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany since February 9 , begins implementing economic reforms on behalf of Grand Duke Peter Leopold . The previously regulated trade in grain, flour and bread will be released by law. The Tuscan administration will also undergo extensive reform over the next few years.

Company founder James Christie portrayed by Thomas Gainsborough (1778)

The auction house Christie’s , founded by James Christie shortly before, will hold its first auction on December 5th.

The Arnsberg Intelligence Journal is the first regularly published magazine in the Duchy of Westphalia .

science and technology

Circumnavigated the world

Great Britain: Wallis and Carteret
The journey of the dolphin

The British naval officer Samuel Wallis , who was put on half pay in 1763 after the end of the Seven Years' War , will be recalled to active duty in February and will be given command of the frigate Dolphin , which on May 9th after a two-year circumnavigation of the world under John Byron has returned. He is given the task of sailing with the Swallow under the command of Philip Carteret into the Strait of Magellan and then circumnavigating the world and using this opportunity to find, measure and map land or islands in the South Pacific. Tobias Furneaux serves as the second lieutenant under Valais . The ships set sail from Plymouth on August 26 and reach the Strait of Magellan on December 17, where they will have to contend with adverse winds until the end of the year.

France: de Bougainville
La Boudeuse

The officer Louis Antoine de Bougainville was commissioned by the French government to be the first Frenchman to sail around the world and set sail from Brest on December 15 with the frigate La Boudeuse , accompanied by naturalists such as the botanist Philibert Commerson and his husband disguised assistant Jeanne Baret , the astronomer Pierre-Antoine Véron and the adventurer Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen .

archeology

The sports and temple facilities at Olympia are being rediscovered.

Natural sciences

Johann Heinrich Lambert

Teaching and Research

Culture

Visual arts

Jens Juel: Self-portrait on the easel

literature

Music and theater

society

  • April 7th: The Vienna Prater , until then the hunting ground of the imperial court, is opened to the general public by Joseph II as Maria Theresa's co-regent . This decree will be announced in the Wienerisches Diarium . Joseph II also approves the settlement of coffee makers and hosts, the cornerstone for the creation of the Wurstelprater amusement park .
Albert Casimir of Saxe-Teschen
Maria Christina of Austria, Duchess of Teschen

religion

Disasters

High water marks of the Tarn in Albi
  • June 18: The river Tarn in Occitania has the highest flood to date . Proof of this is the high water mark in Albi .
  • The city of Cumaná in what is now Venezuela is destroyed by an earthquake.

Historical maps and views

Brooklyn 1766

Born

January to April

May to August
William Hyde Wollaston

September to December

John Dalton

Exact date of birth unknown

Died

First quarter

James Francis Edward Stuart's tomb in Rome
Daun's statue on top of the Maria Theresa monument in Vienna
Stanislaus Leszczyński's mausoleum in Nancy

Second quarter

Third quarter

Monument to Jean-François Lefèbvre in Abbeville

Fourth Quarter

Exact date of death unknown

Web links

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