1490

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1490
The Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus dies in Vienna .	Isabella d'Este marries Gianfrancesco II Gonzaga .
Sandro Botticelli paints The Annunciation .
1490 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	938/939 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1482/83
Aztec calendar	10th house - Matlactli Calli (until the end of January / beginning of February: 9th Feuerstein - Chicuhnahui Tecpatl )
Buddhist calendar	2033/34 (southern Buddhism); 2032/33 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	69th (70th) cycle Year of the Metal Dog庚戌 ( at the beginning of the year Earth Rooster 己酉)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	852/853 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3823/24 (October 2-3)
Iranian calendar	868/869
Islamic calendar	895/896 (turn of the year 13/14 November)
Jewish calendar	5250/51 (September 5-6)
Coptic calendar	1206/07
Malayalam calendar	665/666
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1800/01 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1801/02 (New Year October)
Spanish era	1528
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1546/47 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Central Europe

Matthias Corvinus' acquisitions and the Kingdom of Hungary at the time of his death

• After the death of Matthias Corvinus on April 6th, the Duchy of Austria falls back to the Habsburg Frederick III.
• The siege of Vienna from August 19th to 29th by Maximilian I ends with the surrender of the city.
• September 21 : Vladislav II is crowned King of Hungary on the basis of the Peace of Olomouc after the death of Matthias Corvinus .

• The St. Gallen War that began in the previous year between the four federal umbrella locations of the abbey of St. Gallen , Zurich , Lucerne , Glarus and Schwyz on the one hand and the imperial city of St. Gallen and the country of Appenzell on the other ended with a victory for the abbey. The rulership of the Rhine Valley becomes common rule of the Old Confederation .

Western and Southern Europe

Charles II of Savoy
(copper engraving around 1701)

• March 13 : After the death of Charles I , his son Charles II becomes Duke of Savoy . His mother Bianca von Montferrat takes over the guardianship of the minor.

• A commission chaired by Hernando de Talavera rejects the funding requested by Christopher Columbus for a trip to India through Castile .
• Princess Elisabeth of Spain marries the Portuguese heir to the throne Afonso, who dies almost a year later without ascending the throne.

India

• The three Dekkan sultanates Ahmadnagar , Berar and Bijapur achieve their independence from the Bahmani Sultanate .

America

• The Shuar people repel an attempt at conquest by the Inca and thus permanently maintain their independence.

economy

• The brewery of Jörg Hafner is proven in Munich .
• The Dutch postal rate is set up.
• In Saxony, the Meissnian guilder is introduced as the currency of account .

Culture

Visual arts

The Vitruvian Man

• around 1490: Leonardo da Vinci makes a drawing that later became famous as the Vitruvian Man .

Triptych The hay cart

• around 1490: Hieronymus Bosch paints the triptych The Hay Wagon . In it he spans the arc from paradise to the world to hell.

literature

→ Main article : Literature year 1490

Tirant lo Blanc , excerpt from the edition of 1490

The courtly chivalric novel Tirant lo Blanc , mainly written by Joanot Martorell and finished by Martí Joan de Galba , is published in Valencia in the Old Catalan language . Due to its sharp realism, it is considered the cornerstone of the modern novel and is later described by Miguel de Cervantes, among others, as the “best book ever written”.

society

Portrait of Isabella by Leonardo da Vinci (1499)

On February 12, 16-year-old Isabella d'Este , daughter of Ercole I d'Este , Duke of Ferrara , and granddaughter of King Ferdinand I of Naples, is married to Gianfrancesco II Gonzaga , Marquis of Mantua . Since her husband was serving as a military commander in the service of the Republic of Venice at that time , she took over government affairs. Under her patronage, the Court of Mantua developed into one of the cultural centers of Europe in the following years.

• Charles de Valois, comte d'Angoulême , marries Princess Luise of Savoy by order of the French regent Anne de Beaujeu .

religion

• Elector Friedrich III. von Sachsen founds the Antoniterkloster Eicha southeast of Leipzig.

Historical maps and views

		Views and territorial situation View of the city of Rhodes around 1490 Europe and Eurasia at the end of the reign of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary around 1490

Born

Date of birth saved

• February 17th : Charles III. de Bourbon-Montpensier , French military leader († 1527 )
• February 21 : Hans Dürer , German painter, draftsman and engraver († 1534 )

• March 24 : Giovanni Salviati , Cardinal of the Roman Church († 1553 )
• March 25 : Francesco Maria I della Rovere , Duke of Urbino († 1538 )

• May 17 : Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach , first Duke of Prussia († 1568 )
• June 28 : Albrecht , Archbishop of Magdeburg, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz and Margrave of Brandenburg († 1545 )
• July 25 : Amalie von der Pfalz , Countess Palatine of Simmern and Duchess of Pomerania († 1525 )

• November 10th : Johann , regent of the United Duchies of Jülich-Kleve-Berg († 1539 )
• December 26 : Friedrich Myconius , German preacher and reformer († 1546 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Rudolf Agricola , German printer and author († 1521 )
• Germain de Brie , French humanist († 1538 )
• Costanzo Festa , Italian composer († 1545 )
• Ulrich Fugger the Younger , Augsburg merchant († 1525 )
• Michael Gaismair , Austrian peasant leader († 1532 )
• Juan de Grijalva , Spanish explorer and conquistador († 1527 )
• Olaus Magnus , Swedish geographer, cartographer and bishop († 1557 )
• Juan de Padilla , one of the leaders of the Comuneros uprising against Emperor Charles V († 1521 )
• Jean Salmon Macrin , neo-Latin poet of French origin († 1557 )

Born around 1490

• 1477 / 1488 /1490: Titian called Tiziano , Venetian painter of the high Renaissance († 1576 )

• Leo Africanus , Berber traveler and geographer († after 1550)
• Juan Boscán Almogávar , Spanish poet († 1542 )
• Matthäus Aurogallus , German historian, linguist and Hebraist († 1543 )
• Johannes Blasius , Swiss Protestant pastor and reformer († 1550 )
• Pietro Paolo Borrono , Italian composer and lutenist († after 1563)
• Eberhard Brisger , German Protestant theologian and reformer († 1545 )
• Francis Bryan , English nobleman and diplomat († 1550 )
• Heinrich Faber , German teacher and music theorist († 1552 )
• William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton , confidante of King Henry VIII of England († 1542 )
• Florian Geyer , Frankish Imperial Knight, leader of the Black Heap in the German Peasants' War († 1525 )
• Margherita Luti , called La Fornarina , Italian baker's daughter, Raphael's preferred model and probably his lover
• Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca , Spanish navigator and explorer, († 1557 )
• Joachim Slüter , Low German reformer († 1532 )
• John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox , Scottish nobleman († 1526 )
• Alfonso de Valdés Spanish humanist, secretary and politician († 1532 )
• Juan de Valdés , Spanish secretary, humanist, theologian and author († 1541 )

Died

First half of the year

Ashikaga Yoshimasa's tomb in Kyoto

• January 27th : Ashikaga Yoshimasa , Japanese Shogun (* 1436 )
• February 21 : Ubaidullah Ahrar , Sheikh of the Naqshbandi order (* 1404 )

• March 3 : Friedrich von Öttingen , Bishop of Passau (* around 1459 )
• March 7 : Ivan Ivanovich the Young , Russian Grand Duke (* 1458 )
• March 13 : Charles I , Duke of Savoy (* 1468 )

Matthias Corvinus approx. 1490 in a codex of the Biblioteca Guarnacci, Volterra

• April 6 : Matthias Corvinus , King of Hungary and Croatia, Anti-King of Bohemia, Archduke of Austria (* 1443 )
• before April 26 : Henry Gundelfingen , German Early Humanist (* around 1440 / 1445 )
• April 27 : Jakob von Zadar , Dalmatian Franciscan (* around 1400 )

• May 5 : Margarethe von Nassau-Saarbrücken , German aristocratic book collector (* 1426 )

Joan of Portugal

• May 12 : Joan of Portugal , Portuguese princess from the house of Avis (* 1452 )

• June 2nd : Heinrich von Kleve , abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Liesborn
• June 27 : Eitel Friedrich von Zollern , Dutch admiral (* 1454 )

Second half of the year

• July 16 : William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , English nobleman (* around 1455 )
• August 11th : Wilhelm von Wertheim , Canon and Vicar General in Cologne
• August 28 : Wilhelm von Bibra , papal envoy (* 1442 )
• September 12 : Peter Schott the Younger , German lawyer, theologian and humanist (* 1460 )

• October 3 : Franz von Savoyen , Archbishop of Auch and Administrator of the Diocese of Geneva (* 1454 )
• October 17th : Giuliano da Maiano , Italian architect, sculptor and cabinet maker (* 1432 )

• November 11th : Sebastian I , Count of Ortenburg (* 1434 )
• November 19 : Hans the Rich , Baron von Gemmingen (* around 1410 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Ottilie von Baden , margravine of Baden and abbot of Pforzheim (* 1470 )
• Martí Joan de Galba , Catalan aristocrat and writer
• Casimir II , Duke of Zator (* before 1450 )
• Arend De Keysere , Flemish printer of incunabula (* around 1450 )
• Balázs Magyar , Hungarian general
• George Ripley , English alchemist (* around 1415 )
• Hermann Slupwachter , German Roman Catholic theologian and legal scholar (* 1420 )
• Bernhardus Trevisanus , Italian alchemist (* 1406 )

Died around 1490

• Beatrix da Silva Meneses , Portuguese nobleman, founder of the order and saint (* around 1424 )
• Hans Talhoffer , German fencing master (* around 1420 )

Web links

Commons : 1490  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files