Bailiwick of the Rhine Valley

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Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Bailiwick of the Rhine Valley (1490–1798)
coat of arms
Coat of arms of the Bailiwick of the Rhine Valley until 1798
map
Eastern Switzerland1798.png
Eastern Switzerland in the old Confederation in the 18th century


Arose from Duchy of Austria (until 1394–1417/24), (1436–1445)
County of Toggenburg , (1417 / 24–1436)
Canton of Appenzell (1445–1490)
Form of rule Common rule
Ruler / government Common rule
Today's region / s CH-SG


Reichskreis circular
Capitals / residences Rheineck SG
Denomination / Religions until 1528: Roman Catholic , then also: Protestant Reformed
Language / n German


Incorporated into Reich exemption 1648

1798: Canton Säntis , Canton Linth
1803: Canton St. Gallen


From 1491 to 1798, the Vogtei Rheintal was a common rule of the Old Confederation in what is now Eastern Switzerland ( Canton St. Gallen ). The bailiwick comprised the following municipalities today:

history

The coat of arms of the Bailiwick of the Rhine Valley according to the Chronicle of Stumpf, 1548

The Alemannic settlement of the lower Rhine valley took place in the early Middle Ages. In Franks the Rhine was between Monstein and Hirschsprung the county district assigned Rhinegau, which was first mentioned 891. Only the area between Lake Constance and Montstein belonged to Thurgau . In the Middle Ages, the power relations in the Rhine Valley were extremely fragmented. German kings, bishops of Constance, abbots of St. Gallen and the counts of Bregenz and Werdenberg fought over the area on various occasions . Finally, in 1348 the Counts of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg were able to unite sovereignty in the entire Rhine Valley for the first time.

When the Habsburgs acquired the county of Tyrol in 1363 , they gradually began to gain control of the Rhine Valley. Until 1395 they were able to bring the entire Rhine valley under their control through purchase and conquest. Only the defeat against the Appenzeller in the Battle of Stoss 1405 put an end to this. Marbach , Berneck and Altstätten allied with the Appenzell people in the "Bund ob dem See", in which the country people in the Rhine Valley from Rheineck to Kriessern were united for the first time . After the Appenzell defeat at Bregenz in 1408, the old men returned. For a short time, most of the Rhine Valley came into the hands of the Toggenburgs in 1424 . After their extinction, the Old Zurich War broke out over the extensive inheritance, in the course of which Appenzell completely conquered the Rhine Valley with Rheineck in 1445.

Appenzell was able to assert the Rhine Valley against the claims of the Prince Abbey of St. Gallen in 1464 , but as a result of the war over the Rorschacher Klosterbruch they had to cede it to the four umbrella locations of the Abbey, Zurich , Glarus , Schwyz and Lucerne . Thus the Vogtei Rheintal became a common rule within the Old Confederation . In 1491 the four places Uri , Unterwalden and Zug became part of the rulership of the Vogei Rheintal, in 1500 Appenzell and 1712 Bern . The prince abbot of St. Gallen also ruled the Kriessern court.

In 1528 the Rheintaler decided to accept the Reformation , but Catholic minorities remained. Only Altstätten, Widnau, Kriessern and Rüthi were mostly Catholic. The peace of 1712 put an end to the protracted religious disputes and the Bailiwick was included in the " parity " zone of the Confederation. This means that both religions were allowed to exist side by side on an equal footing.

In 1798 the Vogei Rheintal declared itself independent. On March 26, 1798, a constitution was passed in a rural community in Altstätten and a district administrator and district administrator were elected. The independence only lasted for a short time, as the Rhine valley was incorporated into the canton of Säntis in May . Only Rüthi and Lienz came to the canton of Linth . After the founding of the canton of St. Gallen in 1803, the Rhine valley from Staad to Lienz formed a district. The main places were Altstätten and Rheineck on a monthly basis. In 1831 a division into the districts of the Lower and Upper Rhine Valley was made. The capital of the Upper Rhine Valley was Altstätten, while that of the Lower Rhine Valley changed between Rheineck and Berneck. The two districts were united in 2003 as part of a constitutional revision to form the Rheintal constituency of the canton of St. Gallen. The community Thal was beaten to the constituency of Rorschach .

See also

Web links