Jean Salmon Macrin

Jean Salmon Macrin ( The [h] of Salmon and Salmon Macrin shortly Macrin ; Latin artist from 1528 Salmonius Macrinus Iuliodunensis * 1490 in Loudun ; † 20th October 1557 ) was a neo-Latin poet of French origin in order for 1533-1534 Chamberlain of King Francis I appointed.

Salmon Macrin was highly regarded in the first half of the 16th century for his artistic poetry based on Catullus and Horace . He acted as the undisputed leading figure of his contemporaries, soon also of the younger generation of poets. In modern research, Salmon Macrin is judged to be "the best horazising poet ever to have appeared".

Life

Macrin was born in Loudun (near Poitiers) in 1490 under the name Jean Salmon . His father, Pierre Salmon, was a wheat trader. His mother, Nicole Tyrel, came from the petty bourgeoisie. Jean Salmon grew up with three siblings.

Jean Salmon went to school in Loudun and then, on the recommendation of his teacher, Pierre Michel, to Paris University. Here he attended the literary courses of the theologian Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples ( Jacobus Faber Stapulensis ) and the Italian Girolamo Aleandro ( Hieronymus Aleander ), with whom he studied Greek.

Soon the young Salmon entered the service of Antoine Bohier, the wealthy Archbishop of Bourges, with whom he remained as secretary until the Archbishop's death (1519), and then in the service of the house of René de Savoie, an uncle of the King, as a private tutor to his sons.

In 1528, Jean Salmon (hereinafter “Salmon Macrin”, “Macrin” for short) married his compatriot Guillonne Boursault, an 18-year-old girl from a respected Loudun family, who was 20 years his junior. The young woman stayed in her hometown, so that Macrin, bound by his professional obligations far away, rarely had the opportunity to spend a few days or weeks with her and their soon-to-be-born children.

This situation inevitably did not change after Macrin entered the king's service. He held the office of chamberlain to the king - alongside other artists such as the poets Clément Marot and Claude Chappuys , the painter Jean Clouet , the translator Antoine Macault - for many years: initially in the wake of Francis I, who was mainly traveling, and after his death ( 1547) at the court of Heinrich II .

Macrin's wife died in Loudun in 1550 at the age of 40. The badly affected poet stayed at the royal court one last time - probably for a few months - before finally retiring to his hometown. He died himself in 1557 at the age of 67.

plant

Macrin's poetic productivity is impressive. He wrote over a third of all French Latin poetry published in the second quarter of the sixteenth century. If one disregards the contributions of his contemporaries, one comes to a total of over 1,100 poems (approx. 40,000 verses) in his books. 90% of these are first-published pieces.

Macrin's poetry collections were published between 1513 and 1550. During this long period of 37 years there are inevitably fluctuations in his work, depending on the age of the poet, his stage of development, his motivation and / or historical events.

1513–1516: the youth works

The four first books of Jean Salmon ( Elegiarum ... liber et al.), Published 1512–1516, contain mainly religious poems. These small collections of poetry are the product of a young poet who was considered promising by his environment and who still belonged to the late Middle Ages.

Creation break and reorientation

After these first publications, Macrin, busy professionally, did not publish a new book for 12 years.

In the course of these years, significant changes took place at the royal court. Francis I had ruled since 1515. The development of the French Renaissance was in progress in many areas (architecture, sculpture and painting, refined court manners, sophisticated clothing). The establishment of the Institution des lecteurs royaux (or Collège des trois langues, later Collège de France ) was on the way to being realized. There was increasing elation in the humanist circle.

Here Macrin found the decisive impetus for a resumption of his poetic activity. His orientation should now be completely new. For on the one hand motivated by the local social and cultural boom and by his endeavor to compete with the neo-Latin poets of Italy, on the other hand by his impending marriage to the young Guillonne and by the prospect of his part in the rehabilitation of the, which was often discussed in the literature of the time To contribute to wife and marriage, he decided on a marriage poem based on Catullus and Horace, characterized by warm-hearted love.

1528–1534: the innovative works

Thus in 1528 the Carminum libellus was created, which was groundbreaking for the reputation of the 38-year-old Macrin as a humanistic poet. Thereupon, spurred on by this first success, Macrin wrote his next collection of poems in just two years, the Carminum libri quatuor, with which he soon gained the reputation of a second Horace and enjoyed corresponding recognition. A year later he published a new, now predominantly encomiastic collection of poems: the Lyricorum libri duo, dedicated to the king , to which he added the Epithalamiorum liber, an expanded reprint of the Carminum libellus of 1528.

After his appointment as the king's valet at the end of 1533 or beginning of 1534, Macrin published his next collection of encomiastic poems: the Elegiarum, Epigrammatum et Odarum libri tres.

1537–1546: the secured reputation

Between 1537 and 1546 Macrin published an astonishing number of other poems: hymns, odes, epigrams and many more (together around 470 pieces / around 18,000 verses: almost 50% of his entire work). Initially (1537) it was primarily about an encomiastic poetry: pious poems to God the Father, Christ and Mary, poems of praise in honor of the king and other high-ranking people. Soon afterwards (1538–1540) religious poetry followed almost exclusively: psalm paraphrases, paeani (= hymns) and other pious poems, before Macrin partly returned to secular poetry with his odes of 1546.

During this period, Macrin, aged 47 to 56, was the undisputed leading figure of the neo-Latin, younger generation of French poets.

1548–1550: the last works

Soon, however, due to the advancement of the national language, the death of numerous friends, the steadily deteriorating health of King Francis I († 1547) and the advancement of his own age, Macrin's former momentum gradually waned. From 1546 to 1549 he published three collections of poetry (approx. 170 poems / over 4,000 verses). But when his wife died, the end of his poetic career was in sight.

But the 60-year-old widower published one last collection of poems in the same year: the Naeniarum libri tres, a literary tumulus about the death of his wife, in which Macrin expressed his deep mourning in many variations and to which numerous poets of the new generation - in Latin , Greek or French language - as a sign of their admiration for the old master involved: Jean Dorat , Joachim Du Bellay , Nicolas Denisot and others

Original editions

(published under different artist names)

• Io. Salmonii Materni Lodunatis elegiarum Triumphalium liber. Paris 1512. Gallica
• Io. Salmonii Materni Lodunatis De Christi Superbenedicti Assertoris nostri morte Hephodion. Paris 1514.
• Io. Salmonii macrini Lodunatis elegia de Christi Superbenedicti Assertoris nostri morte. Paris 1515.
• Ioannis Salmonii Macrini Aquitani Sylva cui titulus Soter. Paris 1515-1516.
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Carminum libellus. Paris 1528. BSB
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Carminum libri quatuor. Paris 1530.
• Salmonii macrini Iuliodunensis Lyricorum libri duo. Epithalamiorum liber unus. Paris 1531. Gallica
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Cubicularii Regii Elegiarum, Epigrammatum et Odarum libri tres. Paris 1534.
• Salmonii macrini Iuliodunen. Cubicularii Regii Hymnorum libri sex. Paris 1537. Gallica
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Cubicularii Regii Odarum libri sex.Eiusdem aliquot Epigrammata. Lyon 1537.
• Septem Psalmi in lyricos numeros. Paeanum libri quatuor. Per Salmonium Macrinum Iuliodunensem Cubicularium Regium. Poitiers 1538.
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Cubicularii Regii Hymnorum selectorum libri tres. Paris 1540. Gallica
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Cubicularii Regii Odarum libri tres. Paris 1546. BSB
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Cubicularii Regii Epigrammatum libri duo. Poitiers 1548.
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Cubicularii Regii Epitome vitae Domini Nostri Iesu Christi. Varia item Poëmatia. Paris 1549. [1]
• Salmonii Macrini Iuliodunensis Cubicularii Regii Naeniarum libri tres. Paris 1550. BSB

Modern editions

• Georges Soubeille: Jean Salmon Macrin, Le livre des Épithalames (1528–1531). Les Odes de 1530 (Livres I & II). Edition critique avec introduction, traduction et notes. UTM, Toulouse 1978.
• Georges Soubeille: Jean Salmon Macrin, Épithalames & Odes. Édition critique avec introduction, traduction et notes (= Textes de la Renaissance sous la direction de Claude Blum , 20). Paris 1998, ISBN 2-85203-905-2 .
• Marie-Françoise Schumann: Salmon Macrin and his work with special consideration of the 'carmina ad Gelonidem' of 1528 and 1530 (= Hamburg Contributions to Neo-Latin Philology . Vol. 6). LIT, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10304-8 (partial edition).
• Suzanne Guillet-Laburthe: Jean Salmon Macrin, Hymnes (1537). Edition, traduction et commentaire (= Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance 481). Droz, Genève 2010, ISBN 978-2-600-01423-6 .
• Marie-Françoise Schumann: Salmon Macrins poetry collections from 1528 to 1534. Edition with word index (= Hamburg contributions to Neo-Latin Philology. Vol. 7). LIT, Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-643-11016-9 . Google Books
• Marie-Françoise Schumann: Salmon Macrins poetry collections from 1537. Edition with word index (= Hamburg contributions to Neo-Latin Philology. Vol. 8). LIT, Münster 2012, ISBN 978-3-643-11833-2 . Google Books
• Marie-Françoise Schumann: Salmon Macrins poetry collections from 1538 to 1546. Edition with word index (= Hamburg contributions to Neo-Latin Philology. Vol. 9). LIT, Münster 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-12168-4 . Google Books

literature

• McFarlane ID: Jean Salmon Macrin (1490-1557). In: Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance. XXI-1, 1959, pp. 55-84; XXI-2, 1959, pp. 311-349; XXII, 1960, pp. 73-89.
• ID McFarlane: Poésie neo-latine et poésie de langue vulgaire à l'époque de la Pléiade. Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Lovaniensis, Proceedings of the First International Congress of Neo-Latin Studies, Leuwen 23. – 28. August 1971. In: J. Ijsewijn, E. Keßler (Ed.): Humanistische Bibliothek, 1, 20. Munich 1973, pp. 389-403.
• Georges Soubeille: Le thème de la source chez Horace et chez Salmon Macrin. In: Pallas 20 (1973), pp. 59-74.
• Georges Soubeille: You tombeau du Dauphin (1536) au tombeau de Gélonis (1550). Vie et mort de l'école française neo-latine. In: Bulletin de la Société toulousaine d'études classiques 172 (December 1975), pp. 45-64.
• Georges Soubeille 1978 (see above, under “Modern Editions”).
• ID McFarlane: Pierre de Ronsard and the Neo-latin Poetry of his Time. In: Res publica litterarum 1 (1978), ISSN  0275-4304 , pp. 177-205.
• Georges Soubeille: Un recueil poétique hors du commun, le Naeniae de Salmon Macrin (1550). Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Sanctandreani. St Andrews, August 24 to September 1, 1982. In: ID McFarlane (Eds.): Medieval & Renaissance 38. Binghamton 1986, ISBN 0-86698-070-9 , pp. 391-397.
• Walther Ludwig : Horace reception in the Renaissance or the Renaissance of Horace. In: Olivier Reverdin, Bernard Grange (eds.): Horace - L'œuvre et les imitations - Un siècle d'interprétation. Entretiens sur l'Antiquité classique 39. Vandœuvres, Geneva 1992/1993, ISBN 3-7749-2634-4 , pp. 305-371.
• Philip Ford: Jean Salmon Macrin's "Epithalamiorum Liber" and the joys of conjugal love. In: Ingrid de Smet, Philip Ford (eds.): Eros et Priapus. Erotism et obscénité in la littérature neo-latine. Cahiers d'Humanisme et Renaissance 51, Geneva 1997, ISBN 978-2-60000-241-7 , pp. 65-84.
• Perrine Galand-Hallyn: Marot, Macrin, Bourbon: "Muse naïve" et "tendre style". Actes du colloque international de Baltimore, 5-7. December 1996. In: Gérard Defaux (Ed.): La génération Marot. Poètes français et neo-latins (1515–1550). Champion, Paris 1997, ISBN 2-85203-790-4 , pp. 211-240.
• Georges Soubeille 1998 (see above under “Modern Editions”).
• Perrine Galand-Hallyn: Jean Salmon Macrin et la liberté de l'éloge. Atti del IX Convegno internazionale (Chianciano-Pienza, 21-24 July 1997). In: Luisa Secchi Tarugi (ed.): Cultura e potere nel Rinascimento. Franco Cesati ed., Milan 1999, ISBN 88-7667-080-7 , pp. 515-529.
• François Rouget: Modèles séculaires et tradition biblique: les Septem Psalmi (1538) de Salmon Macrin. In: Rhoda Schnur et alii (Ed.): Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Abulensis. Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. Tempe (Arizona) 2000, ISBN 0-86698-249-3 , pp. 563-573.
• Perrine Galand-Hallyn: Aspects du discours humaniste sur la villa au XVIe siècle (Crinito, Brie, Macrin, Michel de l'Hospital). In: P. Galand-Hallyn, C. Lévy (eds.): La Villa et l'univers familial. Rome et ses Renaissances, Vol. 2. Presses Universitaires de la Sorbonne, Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-84050-538-9 , pp. 117-143.
• Marie-Françoise Schumann 2009 (see above under “Modern Editions”).
• Suzanne Guillet-Laburthe 2010 (see above under “Modern Editions”).
• Perrine Galand-Hallyn: Mémoires d'une vie trop courte: mise en scène du souvenir chez Jean Salmon Macrin (Naeniae, Paris, 1550). In: Hélène Casanova-Robin, Perrine Galand (ed.): Écritures latines de la mémoire de l'Antiquité au XVIe siècle. Colloques, congrès et conférences sur la Renaissance européenne. Garnier, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-8124-0100-8 .
• Suzanne Guillet-Laburthe: De la nymphe à la Sainte: Continuité et discontinuité de la représentation de l'épouse dans les œuvres de Jean Salmon Macrin. In: P. Galand, J. Nassichuk (eds.): Aspects du lyrisme conjugal à la Renaissance. Droz, Geneva 2011, ISBN 978-2-600-01270-6 .
• Perrine Galand-Hallyn: Moments d'intimité dans la poésie latine de Jean Salmon Macrin (1490–1557). In: C. Millet (ed.): Actes du colloque sur La circonstance lyrique, 16–18 mars 2006. Université Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3. Peter Lang, Brussels 2012, pp. 183–194.
• Marie-Françoise Schumann: The motif of the bee parable in the work of Salmon Macrin. In: L. Braun (Ed.): Album Alumnorum - Gualthero Ludwig septimum decimum lustrum emenso dedicatum. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-8260-5365-8 , pp. 89-99.

Web links

• Literature by and about Jean Salmon Macrin in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ^ Division of the estate of Jean ( Jehan ) Salmon, issued on July 18 and 19, 1558 in Loudun to François Martin, "licencié es loix, conseiller pour le roy [...]"; Text cited in Schumann 2009, pp. 136-139.
2. ↑ From 1512 to 1528, Jean Salmon chose various artist names (1512: Ioannes Salmonius Lodunas, 1513–1514: Ioannes Salmonius Maternus Lodunas, 1515: Ioannes Salmonius Macrinus Lodunas, 1515–1516: Ioannes Salmonius Macrinus Aquitanus and finally 1528: Salmoniodunensis Iuliodunensis ); see Schumann 2009, pp. 8-14 and 97-102.
3. ↑ Louis Trincant (approx. 1620): "Enfin il tomba en délire [...] et mourut en sa maison (où est maintenant le collège), le lundi 20 octobre, l'an 1557 [...]"; Quoted from Schumann 2009, p. 131.
4. ^ McFarlane in his foreword to Soubeille 1978, pp. 9-10.
5. ↑ Ludwig 1992/93, p. 356 (determination based on a comparison between the enkomiastic poems to / about Horace von Petrarca, Poliziano, Crinito and Macrin).
6. ↑ Soubeille 1978, pp. 20-21.
7. ↑ Soubeille 1978, pp. 23-24.
8. ↑ Soubeille 1978, pp. 34-35.
9. ↑ Schumann 2009, pp. 111–112 and 103.
10. ↑ Schumann 2009, p. 131.
11. ↑ Schumann 2009, pp. 4, 8–87 (catalog of Macrin's poetry collections) and pp. 89–90 (overview).
12. ↑ Schumann 2009, pp. 106-109.

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