Hieronymus Aleander
Hieronymus Aleander , also Girolamo Aleandro (born February 13, 1480 in Motta di Livenza near Treviso , Republic of Venice , † February 1, 1542 in Rome ), was an Italian humanist and cardinal .
Life
Aleander was the son of a doctor from a noble family and initially studied medicine, but then theology and ancient languages at the University of Padua . From 1499 he taught ancient and oriental languages in Venice . There he became one of the leading members of the group of scholars around the humanist printer Aldus Manutius . In 1501 Pope Alexander VI appointed him . to Rome and entrusted him with diplomatic tasks. During his travels he became acquainted and familiar with Erasmus of Rotterdam , among others . In 1508 he went to the University of Paris as a teacher of ancient languages ; there he introduced the systematic study of the Greek language. During his time as a philology teacher in Venice and Paris, he was the editor of ancient Greek authors and wrote a Greek grammar . His Lexicon graeco-latinum , which appeared in Paris in 1512, was groundbreaking . After a short stay in Orléans (possibly to avoid the plague ) he was elected rector of the University of Paris in 1513 . In the same year he turned back to politics: he entered the service of Louis XII. and became chancellor of the Liège prince-bishop and finally in 1517 (-1519?) head of the Vatican library in Rome .
In September 1520, Pope Leo X sent him to the court of Charles V as nuncio to mobilize the emperor and empire against the Reformation . He played a decisive role at the Reichstag in Worms . In a famous speech on Ash Wednesday 1521, he demanded that Martin Luther be given eight immediately . However, he was unable to enforce this demand: Luther was summoned. The draft of the Edict of Worms came from his pen (which led to a break with Erasmus). He then also caused the adoption of this document.
In 1524 Aleander became Archbishop of Brindisi and nuncio to Francis I in France. Together with this he was captured in the Battle of Pavia (1525) . Later he was also on several diplomatic missions on behalf of the Holy See, mainly with the task of preventing a peaceful settlement of the religious parties in the German Reich. However , he could not prevent the religious peace in Nuremberg (1532). 1538 Aleander was from Pope Paul III. elevated to cardinal . His titular church was San Crisogono . Four years later he died in Rome.
For the history of the Reformation (and the beginning of the Counter-Reformation ) his letters as well as his diaries are informative documents.
literature
- Giuseppe Alberigo : Aleandro, Girolamo. In: Alberto M. Ghisalberti (Ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 2: Albicante – Ammannati. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1960.
- Gerhard Müller: Aleandro, Girolamo . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie (TRE). Volume 2, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1978, ISBN 3-11-007379-X , pp. 227-231.
- Theodor Brieger : Aleander, Hieronymus . In: Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church . Volume 1, (1896), pp. 328-332
- Adolf Hausrath : Aleander and Luther at the Reichstag in Worms. G. Grote, 1897.
- Wilhelm Gaß : Aleander, Hieronymus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, pp. 329-332.
- Aleander, Hieronymus. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 1, Leipzig 1732, column 1113.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : ALEANDER, Hieronymus (Girolamo Aleandro). In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 98.
- Ottavio Bucarelli: Girolamo Aleandro jun. In: Stefan Heid, Martin Dennert (Hrsg.): Personal Lexicon for Christian Archeology. Researchers and personalities from the 16th to the 21st century . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7954-2620-0 , Vol. 1, p. 60.
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Gian Pietro Carafa |
Archbishop of Brindisi 1524–1541 |
Francesco Aleandro |
Erhard von der Mark |
Cardinal priest of San Crisogono 1538–1542 |
Pietro Bembo |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Aleander, Hieronymus |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Aleandro, Girolamo |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | papal envoy |
DATE OF BIRTH | February 13, 1480 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Motta di Livenza , Italy |
DATE OF DEATH | February 1, 1542 |
Place of death | Rome |