Giovanni Salviati

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Portrait of Cardinal Giovanni Salviati (1490–1553), Pier Francesco Foschi , mid-16th century

Giovanni Salviati (born March 24, 1490 in Florence , † October 28, 1553 in Ravenna ) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Church .

Life

He came from the Florentine noble family Salviati and was the eldest of eleven children of the banker Jacopo Salviati and the Lucrezia de 'Medici . Among Giovanni Salvati's siblings were Maria , who later married Giovanni de 'Medici and became the mother of Cosimo I , and Bernardo , who was also promoted to cardinal in 1561. His nephew Antonmaria Salviati also became a cardinal in 1583. Giovanni Salviatis sister Francesca was married to Ottaviano de 'Medici (1484–1556) for the second time and was the mother of Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, who later became Pope Leo XI.His mother's brothers were Pope Leo X , Piero de 'Medici , ruler of Florence (1492–1494), and Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici , Duke of Nemours . Later cardinals from his paternal family were Alamanno Salviati (1730) and Gregorio Salviati (1777).

Like his father, he was the only one of the five brothers to visit the studio in Florence.

Church career

After the election of his uncle Giovanni de 'Medici as Pope Leo X. Giovanni Salviati embarked on a career in the church and became apostolic protonotary . His uncle, the Pope, made him cardinal deacon in the consistory of July 1, 1517 . He was appointed administrator of the diocese of Fermo on February 8, 1518 , which he held until October 16, 1521. From September 12, 1520 he was administrator of Ferrara , which he remained until May 1, 1550. In addition, he was from August 24, 1521 to March 18, 1523 administrator of Oloron .

After the death of Leo X. Giovanni Salviati took part in the conclave 1521–1522 , the Pope Hadrian VI. chose. He was also a participant in the 1523 conclave , from which Clement VII emerged as pope. Under his pontificate in 1525 he was a legate to King Carlos I of Spain and remained as such in Spain until September 1526, when he was replaced by the nuncio Baldassarre Castiglione . After that he was appointed as procurator ad pacem componendam sent to France, where he signed in 1526 the document that the Holy League of Cognac with King Francis I reasoned. He then carried out two more legations in France, once when Clement VII was being held by imperial troops in Castel Sant'Angelo , and the second time after the sacco di Roma . In this crisis, he contradicted a move by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey , who wanted to take over the administration of the whole Church after the imprisonment of the Pope.

In August 1529 Giovanni Salviati was one of the signatories of the Treaty of Cambrai . In November of the same year he took part in the meeting between Pope Clement VII and King Carlos I of Spain, who was subsequently crowned Emperor Charles V on February 24, 1530 . From Parma he promoted the siege of Florence and cheered the defeat of the republic and the return of the Medici .

He then managed a number of dioceses and abbeys as an administrator or Commendatarabbot . The annual income from Giovanni Salvati's benefices is said to have amounted to around 8,000 ducats a year , which he received in addition to the income from the family assets. He took part in the conclave of 1534, which Alessandro Farnese called Paul III. elected to the Pope. Under his pontificate he was a legate in Parma and Piacenza. At the end of 1535 he traveled to Naples to negotiate with Emperor Charles V about the fate of the Florentines who opposed Duke Alessandro de 'Medici . After the murder of Alessandro in January 1537, Cardinal Salviati moved to Florence with a small group of mercenaries , but he was persuaded by his nephew Cosimo I to dismiss the troops and start negotiations. Since he was suspected of sympathizing with the French, he was denied payment of his income from areas loyal to the emperor. With the help of Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, he tried to maintain his relationship with Piero Strozzi .

On August 12, 1538 he met as administrator of Saint-Papoul , this office he gave up on June 5, 1549 in favor of his brother Bernardo Salviati . Giovanni Salviati opted on January 8, 1543 for the cardinal class of the Cardinal Bishops and for the suburbicarian seat of Albano . From 1543 to 1553 he was a legate in Umbria. On October 17, 1544, he decided on the diocese of Sabina and on October 8, 1546 for the diocese of Porto e Santa Rufina . He took part in the conclave 1549-1550 , from the Julius III. emerged as Pope. Emperor Charles V opposed an election Salviati because of his proximity to the French king.

Last years and death

Giovanni Salviati opened and closed the Holy Door of the Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura in the jubilee year 1550 .

He died in 1553 in the convent of the Canons Regular of the Lateran in Ravenna. His body was transferred to Ferrara and buried there in the cathedral.

Services

Giovanni Salviati was considered a patron of the sciences and the arts. As a cardinal depository , he was always careful to present himself as impartial without his plans ever coming off. His doublespeak and secrecy skills were conducive to a diplomat, but his determination was insufficient to ever gain significant political influence. Twice, in the conclaves of 1534 and from 1549 to 1550, he was considered a papabile , but the rejection by the other cardinals and the princes entitled to veto resulted from the weakness that was perceived in him.

He was also considered a bonvivant , someone who was devoted to worldly pleasures and promoted the fine arts. His friendly relations with Michelangelo and especially with Niccolò Machiavelli , whose writing Dell'Arte della guerra ( On the Art of War ) he praised in 1521, reinforced this impression. Ludovico Ariosto , with whom he was also friends, drew Cardinal Giovanni Salviati in his work Orlando Furioso 1516 as one of the decisive opponents of the "ugly monster", as which he understood the crisis of Christianity at that time.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Pierre Hurtubise: Une famille-témoin. Les Salviati. Città del Vaticano 1985, p. 153 f.
personal data
SURNAME Salviati, Giovanni
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian cardinal of the Roman Church
DATE OF BIRTH March 24, 1490
PLACE OF BIRTH Florence
DATE OF DEATH October 28, 1553
Place of death Ravenna