Papal Basilica

Heraldic emblem of the Holy See : the keys of Peter and the three-crowned tiara

Papal basilica , also papal basilica , Latin basilica pontificia or Italian basilica papale , are the names of some of the important Roman Catholic basilicas that are under the direct jurisdiction of the Holy See and are entrusted to the Pope . Since 2006 there are 12 papal basilicas: all basilicae maiores and some basilicae minores .
In addition, because the title basilica is conferred exclusively by the Pope, in German, in principle, all basilicae are also called "papal" basilica .

history

The papal basilica is a comparatively young church title , while the title basilica itself dates back to early Christianity in the 5th century. Pontifical churches, i.e. churches directly subordinate to the Pope (as Pontifex maximus ), have existed for just as long.

In the course of the 20th century, four churches in Italy were explicitly placed under the jurisdiction of the Holy See and named Basilica Pontificia : the Santuario della Beata Vergine del Rosario di Pompei , pilgrimage center for the worship of the rosary and the Marian mission; the International Sanctuaries of Sant'Antonio in Padova (Basilica del Santo) , center of the Antonian world; and the Santa Casa di Loreto with the Marian and Holy Family devotion of Loreto ; also in 1968 the Church of San Nicola a Bari of the Franciscans, which was elevated to a minor basilica in 1951. Three of them are basilicae ab immemorabili (basilicas “from ancient times, from ineffable times”), so they had the title even before the canonization in 1783, Madonna del Rosario was elevated to a minor basilica in 1901 .

In addition, in 1959, San Miguel in Madrid was elevated to a pontifical basilica (basilica minor since 1930) when Opus Dei took over the apostolic nunciature in Madrid.

Among the basilicae minores, the title Basilica pontificia is considered to be the highest in rank.

In 2006 all seven patriarchal basilicas in Rome and Assisi were renamed as Pope Benedict XVI. gave up the title of Patriarch of the West as a symbol of ecumenism and unity of the Church :

• The five old Roman patriarchal basilicas (since 451 at the latest, the later Latin Patriarchs of the East , to which these churches were assigned, had already been abolished in 1964, after the 2nd Vatican Council ). These are the Basilicae maiores San Giovanni in Laterano (Lateran basilica) , San Pietro in Vaticano (Vatican basilica, St. Peter's Basilica) , San Paolo fuori le mura and Santa Maria Maggiore as well as San Lorenzo fuori le Mura , the venerable basilica . From time immemorial, they were marked with two special symbols, the papal throne and the papal altar , at which only the Holy Father (originally: the Patriarch) or a representative was allowed to hold mass with his express permission.
• The two basilicae maiores in Assisi San Francesco and Santa Maria degli Angeli . They symbolize the close connection between the Popes and the Franciscan Order : San Francesco was elevated to the Papal Church in 1230 and officially in 1288 by Pope Nicholas IV , himself a former general of the Franciscan Order in the poverty struggle , and had been the Patriarchal Basilica since 1756. Santa Maria is the large church with which the original Franciscan church, the Portiuncula , was rebuilt under Pope Pius V , which has been the papal chapel (Capella Papalis) since 1909 .

San Francesco in Assisi has been called the Papal Basilica since the 18th century; San Lorenzo fuori le Mura since 1889, after the title of Patriarchal Basilica with the re-establishment of the (Latin) Patriarchate of Jerusalem on Ss. Sepulchris , the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. Since 2006, the other churches have also had the name basilica papale in their official title. The four basilica maiores are referred to as papal basilica or basiliche pontificie .

List of papal basilicas

church	city	State / Region	Diocese	Survey ( + construction data )	Title (special features)	image
San Francesco	Assisi	Italy, Umbria	Assisi - Nocera Umbra - Gualdo Tadino	18th century (consecrated in 1253)	Papal basilica, Basilica maior ( UNESCO World Heritage )
San Lorenzo Fuori le Mura	Rome	Italy, Lazio	Rome	(Church founded 3/4 century)	Papal basilica, basilica minor (time-honored basilica)
Madonna del Rosario	Pompei	Italy, Campania	Pompei	1901 (1876-1901)	Pontifical Church, minor basilica , international sanctuary , seat of the territorial prelature of Pompeii
San Miguel	Madrid	Spain, Madrid	Madrid	1959 (1739-45)	Pontifical church, minor basilica , seat of the apostolic nunciature
San Nicola	Bari	Italy, Apulia	Bari - Bitonto	1968 (1087-1197)	Pontifical Church, minor basilica
Sant'Antonio	Padua	Italy, Veneto	Padua	? (1232-14th century)	Pontifical Church, Minor Basilica , International Sanctuary
Basilica della Santa Casa	Loreto	Italy, Marche	Loreto	? (1294–1587)	Pontifical Church, Basilica minor , International Sanctuary ( Golden Rose )
[Ss. Salvatore e] Santi Giovanni [Battista ed Evangelista] (Lateran Basilica)	Rome	Italy, Lazio	Rome	2006 (consecration 4th century)	Arch basilica , main and mother church of all churches in the city and around the world , basilica maior , papal basilica, cathedral of the diocese of Rome ( UNESCO World Heritage )
San Pietro (Vatican Basilica, St. Peter's Basilica)	Rome	Vatican	Rome	2006 (consecrated around 324, today's church 1506–1626)	Basilica maior , papal basilica ( UNESCO World Heritage , one of the largest churches in the world)
San Paolo Fuori le mura	Rome	Italy, Lazio	Rome	2006 (consecrated around 324, up to the 20th century)	Basilica maior , papal basilica ( UNESCO World Heritage )
Santa Maria Maggiore	Rome	Italy, Lazio	Rome	2006 (consecration 5th century)	Basilica maior , papal basilica ( UNESCO World Heritage )
Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli	Assisi	Italy, Umbria	Assisi - Nocera Umbra - Gualdo Tadino	2006 (1569-1679)	Papal basilica, Basilica maior ( UNESCO World Heritage )

Other churches

Occasionally, all basilicae minores are referred to as "papal". Some churches call themselves - without canonical reference - “papal basilica” to express a special proximity to the papacy. These include:

• Italy ( pontificia )

  San Giacomo degli Spagnoli di Napoli ( real pontificia "royal-papal"), Santa Croce in Torre del Greco

• German-speaking countries

  Bonn Minster , Marienbasilika Kevelaer , Basilica Marienweiher , Basilica Maria Dreieichen , Stiftsbasilika Herrieden , Basilica Maria Radna (Diocese of Timisoara), Ottobeuren monastery and parish church , Speyer Cathedral .

literature

• Gabriel Chow Hoi-Yan: Basilicas. Historical and Canonical Development . M.Div. Hons., Toronto, Ontario 2003, 5. Special Categories of Basilicas 5.1 Pontifical Basilicas , p. 54–58 (English, web link , gcatholic.org [accessed November 16, 2011]).

Web links

• liborius.de

swell

1. ↑ ^{a b} John Trigilio Jr., Rev. Kenneth Brighenti, James Cafone: Catholic Mass for Dummies . John Wiley & Sons, 2011, ISBN 978-0-470-76786-3 , Part III Tools of the Trade , Section Minor basilicas , p. 231 ( limited preview in Google Book Search - still without the 2006 renaturation).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Benvenuti nella Città della Carità ; see Santuario della Beata Vergine del Rosario di Pompei , Italian Wikipedia
3. ^ The official web portal of the Antonian world, basilicadelsanto.org
4. ↑ ^{a b} Santuario di Loreto , homepage; see Santa Casa , Italian Wikipedia
5. ↑ Pius XII. : Sacris in aedibus. Apostolic Letter of August 5, 1959; Paul VI : Basilicae Nicolaitanae , Apostolic Letter of February 11, 1968 ( original text la , vatican.va); cf. John Paul II : Nuovo ordinamento giuridico della Basilica di San Nicola a Bari . Constitutio Apostolica of March 8, 1989 ( original text it la , vatican.va).
6. ↑ San Miguel , bsmiguel.es (es)
7. ↑ so named in: Benedict XVI. : Antica venerabile basilica (The time-honored basilica) . Apostolic Letter of May 31, 2005
8. ↑ this strict regulation relativized with Paul VI. : Peculiare ius , Apostolic Letter motu proprio of February 8, 1966 ( original text la , vatican.va)
9. ↑ Paul VI. : Inclita toto , Apostolic Letter motu proprio of August 8, 1969 ( original text la , vatican.va)
10. ↑ both cf. Benedict XVI. : Totius orbis . Apostolic Letter of November 9, 2005
11. ↑ Papal basilicas and papal chapels . Vatican website, vatican.va
12. ↑ for example in the Discorso di Benedetto XVI ai Penitenzieri delle Quattro Basiliche Pontificie Romane. Sala Clementina, February 19, 2007 ( Original text it , vatican.va)
13. ↑ Basílica Pontificia de San Miguel , homepage; see Basílica de San Miguel (Madrid) , Spanish Wikipedia
14. ↑ for example "The honorary title of the Papal Basilica (Latin:" Basilica minor "," small basilica ") is awarded by the Pope to selected, particularly important churches outside Rome." Looked up / Faith, love, hope - 2 terms and festivals - keyword : Papal Basilica ( Memento of the original of February 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . belieeaktuell.net
15. ^ Giuseppe de Vargas Machuca: La Reale Pontificia Basilica di San Giacomo degli Spagnoli. Publisher R. Hermandad de Nobles Españoles de Santiago, 1991
16. ↑ Basilica Pontificia Santa Croce, scroce.org , see also Stoira ( Memento of the original from March 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , ibid
17. ↑ Bonn Minster - Papal Basilica minor , bonner-muenster.de
18. ↑ Pilgrimage site Kevelaer ( Memento of the original from December 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Pilgrimage leadership Kevelaer
19. ↑ 50 Years of the Papal Basilica Maria Dreieichen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .  maria-dreieichen.at, 2007
20. ↑ The papal basilica of Herrieden . Video, bistum-eichstaett.de
21. ↑ History of the Basilica Maria Radna ( Memento of the original from September 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . de.mariaradna.com, 2011 ("The Papal Basilica Maria - Radna, the most important place of pilgrimage in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Timisoara."; not so on the Romanian version of the site ( memento of the original from May 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info : The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) 
22. ↑ The Ottobeurer monastery and parish church is a papal basilica . Parish of St. Alexander and Theodor Ottobeuren
23. ↑ Papal Basilica  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   , Dombauverein Speyer eV 2007