Maria Dreieichen Basilica

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South-facing portal with the towers and conical staircase

The Basilica Maria Dreieichen is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage church and at the same time parish church in the Kirchweiler Maria Dreieichen of the cadastral community of Mold in the municipality of Rosenburg-Mold in Lower Austria . The church was elevated to a minor basilica in 1957 .

Image of grace Maria Dreieichen

"Around the year 1656", according to legend from Horner furrier Mathias Weinberger was (it is to be a historically verifiable Mathias wine Gartner act) on the Molderberg on the road from Horn to Eggenburg on a three burly oak a waxy Vesperbild attached. After this picture was destroyed by fire, the mayor of Horner Sebastian Friedrich had the statue of grace renewed based on the original in wood. As the pilgrimage flow increased rapidly, in 1700 Count Hoyos built a hermitage at the "Bründl" as the landlord to ensure constant care of the miraculous image. This hermitage existed until it was repealed by Emperor Joseph II in 1782.

Parish and pilgrimage church

Aerial view from the northeast

From 1730 to 1733 a stone chapel was built on the site of the old devotional image, which was consecrated to Maria Dreieichen in 1735 and from 1737 also gave the church hamlet this name. It belonged to the Riedenburg-Horn parish, which was transferred to Altenburg Abbey. Soon afterwards, from 1744 to 1750, today's new building took place, a north-facing, cross-shaped complex with a central longitudinal oval central dome, which does not appear to the outside. The building was built under the Altenburg abbot Placidus Much and the suggestion of Joseph Munggenast and the plans of Leopold Wißgrill based on the model of the collegiate church in Altenburg Abbey . The construction was financed with the private participation of Altenburg monks and the citizens of Horner. The choir area was built in 1760. The southern tower facade was completed in 1733 up to the middle floor. In 1783 the church itself became a parish with the towns of Mold , Mörtersdorf and Zaingrub and, until 1928, parts of the town of Rosenburg . Since 1785 it has been part of the Horn deanery, which was founded at the time . The towers were completed by Karl Benedikter from 1814 to 1819 in a slightly different form. The towers with round clock gables and onion helmets are preceded by a conical staircase in the central rectangular portal. On the third floor there are window niches with the central figure of Maria Dreieichen flanked by the Saints Peter and Paul, above the figure of God the Father with lateral flame vases. The sculptural jewelry is by Franz Leopold Farmacher with a contract of 1745. A two- bay choir is attached to the nave, flanked by a sacristy and a confessional chapel, with the central portal leading to the rest of the former stone chapel, now called the treasure chamber, in the flat round choir closure Image of grace includes.

The bright and spacious interior of the church is marked by delicate rococo stucco, executed by Johann Georg Hoppel from 1768 to 1771, where vault frescos by Paul Troger , Josef Hauzinger and Johann Wenzel Bergl predominate. There are figural glass windows in the choir from 1894. There is a bell by Stefan Drackh from 1740 and a bell by Johann Gottlieb Jennichen from 1821.

organ

Organ from 1780

The main organ of the basilica was built by Anton Pfliegler in 1780 . An inscription on the wind tunnel of the main plant reads: “This organ was made by Mr. Anton Pfliegler and was struck for the first time on September 8th. 1780 ". For the first time, Pfliegler deviates from the baroque case type; the two main cases already reflect the incipient classicism. The work was of major surgery spared and is now the largest original work is received by Anton Pfliegler. From 1964 to 1967, a restoration of OBM Arnulf Klebel performed, the register Cimbal was' reconstructed in the main unit 1.

Main work (briefly broken)
Principal 8th'
Portun 8th'
Salicinal 8th'
Quintadena 8th'
Octav 4 ′
Pointed lulls 4 ′
Quint 3 ′
Great Octave 2 ′
mixture 2 ′ fivefold
Cimbal 1 ′ triple
Positive (broken short)
Copl 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Whistle 4 ′
Dulciana 4 ′
Octav 2 ′
mixture 1 ′ triple
Pedal (short broken - 18 tones)
Portun Pahs 16 ′
Sub pahs 16 ′
Principal Pahs 8th'
Octav Pahs 8th'
Cornett Pahs 4 ′ fourfold
Bombard Pahs 16 ′
Bombard Pahs 8th'
Manual coupling
Pedal coupling

A new choir organ was installed in the left aisle of the basilica in 2016, which was purchased by the Lutheran Church of the Cross in Bellville (Cape Town). It was built in 1992 by Jan Pekelharing.

I. Manual II manual pedal
Covered 8 ′ Reed flute 8 ′ Subbass 16 ′
Principal 4 ′ Flute 4 ′ Choral bass 4 ′
Octave 2 ′ Flat flute 2 ′
Mixture 1 ′ Third 1 35

Bründl Chapel

The Bründl Chapel near the basilica

In the forest north of the pilgrimage church there is a completely renovated chapel under a gable roof with barrel vaults and a round apse. Inside, a relief (cartouche) shows the miraculous image of Maria Dreieichen around 1750. In 1983 the painter Herbert Puschnik designed the gable graffito of the chapel and the stations of the cross on Bründlweg.

Others

In the immediate vicinity of the Bründlkapelle there is a cave that is associated in folk tales with the robber chief Johann Georg Grasel (1790-1818), who is said to have used it as a shelter. However, there is no historical evidence for this. In 1866 a cholera cemetery was laid out south of the basilica , which, along with several small memorials and the row with the stalls for pilgrimage souvenirs, is a listed building.

literature

  • Compendium Historicum. From the origin of the Marian pilgrimage site to Drey Eichen to the so-called Molder-Berg not far from Horn in the, the ancient Hochlöbl. Altenburg Abbey and Monastery Ord. SS. P. Benedicti incorporated the parish district of Riedenburg, located in Lower Austria . 2nd edition, Retz (Christoph Joseph Hueth) 1770. ( text online )
  • Friedrich Endl, The Pilgrimage Church of Dreieichen bei Horn (OMB) , Vienna 1894.
  • Stephan Biedermann: Maria Dreieichen. Origin u. Description of the Gnadenkirche. Eggenburg 1931.
  • Gregor Schweighofer: Maria Dreieichen. Horn 1952.
  • Odilio Flagel: The Basilica of Maria Dreieichen. Maria Dreieichen 1965.
  • Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria: Lower Austria. North of the Danube. Mold. Parish and pilgrimage church to the Sorrowful Mother. Anton Schroll Verlag, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-7031-0652-2 , pages 754ff.
  • Bernhard Naber , Berthold Koppensteiner: Pilgrimage Church Maria Dreieichen. Vienna 1998.
  • Robert Bösner, Alexander Weiger: pilgrimage and parish church Maria Dreieichen. In: Christian art centers in Austria. No. 346, Salzburg 2000.
  • Hermann Maurer : Drawing stone and wonder tree. Austria's churches and monasteries in their original legends. Klosterneuburg Abbey Museum 2000, p. 102ff.
  • Helmut Leber: The miracle of the Molderberg. Horn n.d. (2003)
  • Hermann Maurer: Pilgrimages to the Bründl by Maria Dreieichen. In: Austrian magazine for folklore. LIX / 108, Vienna 2005, 43ff.
  • Hermann Maurer: Pilgrimage souvenirs from Maria Dreieichen - evidence from the Baroque period. In: Austrian magazine for folklore. LX / 109, Vienna 2006, p. 435ff.
  • Robert Bösner: 350 years of pilgrimage to the Sorrowful Mother of God by Maria Dreieichen. Salzburg 2006
  • Bernhard Purin: A Dreieichener miracle book from 1770 . In: Rosenburg-Mold Aktuell , issue 9–12 / 2012, pp. 5–8. ( Text online ).

Web links

Commons : Basilica Maria Dreieichen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 39 ′ 5 ″  N , 15 ° 43 ′ 0 ″  E