Francis Bryan
Sir Francis Bryan (* c. 1490 in Cheddington , Buckinghamshire ; † February 2, 1550 in Clonmel , Kingdom of Ireland ) was an English nobleman , diplomat, favorite of King Henry VIII and until his death Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Known by the nickname Vicar of Hell (German: Vicar of Hell), Bryan managed to keep the king's favor even under the most adverse circumstances. He was known among his contemporaries for his eloquence, outright honesty with his monarch, and his poetry. Through his mother, Lady Margaret Bryan, he was a cousin of Queens Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard and a 2nd cousin of Queen Jane Seymour .
Youth and first offices
Francis Bryan was a son of Sir Thomas Bryan of Ashbridge, Hertfordshire and his wife Margaret Bryan, née Bouchier. His exact date of birth is unknown, but historians generally believe that he was not much younger than Henry VIII and was born in Cheddington, Buckinghamshire. His sister Elizabeth was born around 1500; his sister Margaret's date of birth is unknown. His brother Thomas died before 1508 and it is uncertain whether he was older or younger than Bryan. About Bryan's childhood there is a presumption that he lived at least temporarily in the household of Sir Thomas Parr of Kendal, a relative of Queen Catherine Parr , because Bryan later referred to him as his "special patron". Unlike other Renaissance courtiers, he never went to college. According to his own statements, he understood little Latin and had only a lack of “knowledge of history, which, as I admit, is difficult to understand for someone who is less educated than I can say of myself.” But he quickly distinguished himself as gifted, pointed speaker.
The Bryans were in the service of the royal family from an early age. Bryan's father first served Henry VII and later his son Henry VIII as a so-called Knight of the Body , a kind of ceremonial bodyguard and was also deputy chamberlain to Queen Catherine of Aragon . Although it is not known when exactly Bryan was at court for the first time, he writes that he was "very young". In April 1513 Francis Bryan received his first command as captain of the Margaret Bonaventure under the admiralty of his relative Sir Edward Howard. Just a year later, Bryan and his brother-in-law Nicholas Carew were already firmly integrated into the court, as the king lent them both horses and armor, possibly for the popular jousting , in which Bryan quickly made a name for himself. His mother was appointed governess of the newborn Princess Maria in 1516 and would later also look after her siblings Elisabeth and Eduard . In the same year Bryan received the office of cupbearer from the king , an honorable but also responsible position, since the cupbearer was responsible for the physical well-being of the king. At the same time, Bryan secured regular access to the king through this office.
Rise at court
As in 1518 the Office of the Gentleman of the Privy Chamber , gentleman of the royal private quarters, was created gave Henry Bryan this item. The young king liked to surround himself with friends and favorites, which is why a post in his private chambers was a guarantee for a political career and the preservation of offices and lands. At the same time Bryan received the office of Master of the Toils , which he should keep until Heinrich's death. From then on it was Bryan's job to serve the king in his private chambers, to help him dress and to entertain him. Unlike other courtiers, Bryan made no effort to flatter his monarch. Instead, he earned a reputation for always telling the king the unvarnished truth. Although he had never been taught rhetoric, he was very talented at expressing himself in words and said himself that it would take him a week to write down what he could say in an hour.
His confidentiality with the king alarmed the court's conservative forces. They observed the steadily growing number of royal favorites and their influence on the young Heinrich with suspicion. In addition, Bryan, along with his brother-in-law Nicholas Carew and friend Edward Neville, wandered the streets of Paris in disguise on his first mission in France and started quarrels with the French. When they returned, they were described as "completely French in their way of eating, drinking and dressing" and "versed in French vices and boasting" and "completely in love with the French court". In May 1519, Carew and Bryan were therefore banished from the court. Heinrich, however, seemed to have quickly forgiven them, because in October the two were fed again in the royal household.
It was by no means Bryan's only trip to France. In 1520 he accompanied the king to the meeting of the Camp du Drap d'Or and in July 1522 he was part of the English armed forces in Brittany under the command of his uncle Thomas Howards , where he was beaten to the Knight Banneret on July 22nd . Bryan's first marriage also took place that year. His bride was the widowed Philippa Fortescue, daughter and heir to Humphrey Spice of Black Notley, Essex. Philippa already had a son from her first marriage to John Fortescue: Henry Fortescue von Faulkbourne. Bryan initially bought the boy's guardianship but eventually sold it to Sir Andrew Windsor.
By 1529, Francis Bryan had accumulated a handsome number of offices and allowances. By marrying he had secured a lifelong claim on the interest on the Faulkbourne estates, which was only transferred to Henry Fortescue after his death. In 1524 he had raised government funds in Essex and in the following years he belonged to the Commissions of the Peace in Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire , which corresponded to an arbitration office for the settlement of local disputes. From 1526 he was Heinrich's chief cupbearer and was also in charge of Heinrich's pages. His office also included training the royal ward. In the same year, however, he was again removed from the Privy Chamber by Cardinal Wolsey's restructuring of the royal household, which was possibly Bryan's motive to later oppose the cardinal. A little later, Bryan had an accident in a jousting tournament, which cost him an eye.
Support of Anne Boleyn
When Francis Bryan's cousin Anne Boleyn won the King's Heart, Bryan supported her in her endeavor to become Queen of England. Her mothers Margaret Bryan and Elizabeth Boleyn were half-sisters and both Anne and Heinrich trusted him. It is believed that Bryan owed his reappointment as Gentleman of the Privy Chamber in 1528 to the influence of his cousin. What is certain, however, is that after the mass extinction caused by the English sweat, some positions had to be filled again and Bryan, as the king's friend, was an obvious choice. He took over from the late William Carey, husband of Anne's sister Mary Boleyn .
Heinrich also often sent him to Rome or France to promote his divorce from Catherine of Aragon . After the sack of Rome by Katharina's nephew Charles V , Bryan accompanied Cardinal Wolsey to France to confer with the French king. In August he was sent to accompany Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggi to England, where he was to decide on the validity of Henry's marriage to Catherine. Campeggi, however, did not come to any result that was satisfactory for the king, but handed the decision back to Rome, which many Cardinal Wolsey blamed.
In November 1528, Bryan was sent to Rome as a special envoy to persuade Pope Clement VII to annul Henry's first marriage. On the way to Rome Bryan was also a guest at Francis I , who warned him that "some advisers" of the king opposed the divorce, which Bryan passed on to Heinrich before he went on to Rome. Once in Rome, Bryan's patience was put to a severe test because the Pope was ill and could not see him. Then there were the political circumstances that fueled intrigue. In January 1529 Bryan wrote morosely to the king:
“We have been here for twelve days and cannot speak to the Pope. If he died in the meantime, it would be villainy. In the event of his death, Master Gregory went to incredible lengths to ensure that we could have a Pope who would rule in our favor. The flattering cardinal makes the Pope believe that the emperor will come this summer and give him back Vecchiano and Ostia. The Pope is and remains a good imperial, which is why I wonder whether it is better to let him live or die, for I think we could hardly find a worse one for our affairs. It is said here that Campeggi is loyal to the emperor through and through and they have sent you the goat as a gardener for your cause. "
As he later reported to the king, he tried to convince the Pope first with honest and then with dishonest means. There was even a rumor that Bryan, known as a philanderer, had slept with a papal courtesan in order to get information . In addition to writing to the King, Bryan also maintained correspondence with Anne Boleyn. By 1529 at the latest, however, it was clear that the Pope was unwilling to anger Charles V by agreeing to the cancellation. So far he had postponed a final decision to keep both Heinrich and Karl weighed, but in the end Bryan stated soberly: "It may appear in his Our Father, but not in his convictions." He added that the Pope was not for anything Henry would do, and that anyone who had told the king otherwise had misled him, which indirectly incriminated Wolsey.
After his return to England he was sent to France as ambassador, where he continued to campaign for Henry's cause and tried to sabotage any agreements between Charles V and Francis I. Although he did not speak Latin, which was then often used as the lingua franca at the courts, he quickly managed to establish himself as an ambassador because he quickly won Franz's trust. Bryan had regular access to the French king and was just as open to him as Heinrich. In 1532 Bryan was finally back at the English court and went about his duties as a gentleman of the Privy Chamber. However, unlike his brother-in-law Nicholas Carew, Bryan did not accompany the king and Anne Boleyn on their trip to Calais in October. Further short trips to France in 1533 included an attempt to dissuade Francis from meeting the Pope and relaying the news that Heinrich had been excommunicated by the Pope .
When Thomas Cranmer dissolved Heinrich's marriage to Katharina von Aragón in Anne Boleyn's favor in the same year , Francis Bryan testified against Heinrich's repudiated queen, whereupon she was declared “disobedient”, while it was said of Bryan that “his presence has already been in various cases Could have done good ”. A year later, Bryan was given a seat in the House of Commons , the lower house of the British Parliament, as representative of Buckinghamshire . According to one list, he was instrumental in drafting the new definition of treason.
Under suspicion
The case of Anne Boleyn
In 1534, one year after the birth of her daughter Elisabeth , Anne Boleyn suffered a stillbirth. Bryan distanced himself from the Boleyns during this time, which was expressed in a dispute with Anne's brother George Boleyn . Historians suspect that on the one hand he did not want to fall with the Queen and on the other hand, Bryan, unlike the Boleyns, was a staunch supporter of the Roman Catholic religion. After spending the last months of the previous year in France again, he returned to the court in 1536, but went to Buckinghamshire in April. When his friends and colleagues Thomas Wyatt , George Boleyn, Francis Weston , Henry Norris and William Brereton were arrested, Bryan was also ordered by Lord Seal Keeper Thomas Cromwell to appear at court and make a statement. However, his friend Wyatt had already sent him an Ecclesiasticus- coded warning from the Tower, which Bryan could easily decipher thanks to his knowledge of the Bible.
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Based on Wyatt's warning, Bryan probably already suspected that he was now also under suspicion as a close relative of Anne Boleyn. As he later told his friend, Abbot Robert Hobbes of Woburn Abbey , “he was astonished, but knowing his duty to his prince, he did not hesitate, but went straight to the keeper of the lord's seal and then to the king, and nothing incriminating against him was found . "Somewhat puzzled Hobbes replied that it would still have been strange that Cromwell could issue such a resolute order, but Bryan replied," What? He must obey his master, and I assure you that there is no wiser man than him to manage the king's affairs. I pray that God will protect his life. ”He repeated this pious phrase several times, including in Cromwell's presence. When asked by the abbot why he felt so attached to Cromwell, Bryan replied, "Because he was talking to the king."
From these words of Bryan, as well as the fact that Cromwell subsequently called him Vicar of Hell in a letter to Stephan Gardiner , some historians conclude that Bryan had saved his skin thanks to an agreement with Cromwell. An indication of this is the fact that Bryan was allowed to see the king after the conversation with Cromwell, which no other suspect had been granted. Others believe it is possible that Bryan's interrogation was a mere charade to give Cromwell's intrigue against Anne Boleyn the appearance of a normal investigation, in the course of which the innocence of some of the participants is revealed. The evidence often cited to support this thesis is that Francis Bryan was the one who brought news of Anne's conviction to Jane Seymour on May 17 just hours after the verdict was announced.
David Starkey argues that Bryan's survival was the result of an agreement between Thomas Cromwell and the Conservative faction, led by Bryan's brother-in-law, Nicholas Carew. In this way, Starkey also explains the survival of Thomas Wyatt, who was Cromwell's ally and a supporter of the Boleyns. Possibly, according to Starkey, the Conservative faction forbidden to try Wyatt in exchange for Bryan's life. In any event, Bryan benefited from Anne Boleyn's fall as he became the head of the gentlemen of the Privy Chamber on May 13th. On top of that, he was awarded parts of the assets of George Boleyn and Henry Norris after their convictions, including 100 pounds from the income of the diocese of Winchester, much to the annoyance of Stephan Gardiner.
Pilgrimage of Grace
Bryan had survived Anne Boleyn's fall, but soon his loyalty to the king was being tested again. After Heinrich had proclaimed himself head of the English Church in 1535, he began to initiate the dissolution of the English monasteries. However, like his brother-in-law Nicholas Carew, Bryan was part of the conservative wing and did not think much of the Reformation. He insisted not to have anyone in his household who adhered to the "new doctrine" and had been under his control since Buckinghamshire, he had hunted heretics in the Chiltern Hills . Despite this negative attitude, Bryan was fascinated by Bible translations and was the patron of various scholars who, unlike him, understood Greek and made translations for him. Both he and Carew were considered sympathizers and supporters of the Catholic Princess Maria , which culminated in the charge that he was trying to reintegrate her into the line of succession. Bryan was subjected to interrogation during which he admitted that Carew and other members of the Privy Chamber were hoping that Maria would be reinstated into the throne. However, according to Bryan, it would of course be best if the king had a son with his new wife. When asked if he believed Mary had been conceived in good faith - which would have legitimized her even if her parents' marriage had actually been invalid - Bryan claimed that he had "never understood that term".
The population was also dissatisfied with the Reformation. Revolts broke out particularly in the north of England. In Lincolnshire the rebellion could be dissolved by the threat of military action. Immediately thereafter, in the autumn of 1536, the king faced a new threat in the so-called Pilgrimage of Grace under Robert Aske , about whom Bryan said dryly: "I don't know him and he doesn't know me either, but we only have two eyes together." forces were sent north under the leadership of Thomas Howard . Bryan, still having to prove himself, acted as the messenger, keeping the king informed of his uncle's strategy of offering pardons and buying time. However, Bryan's sympathies were more on the part of the rebels. He himself was considered a patron of monasteries and was friends with Robert Hobbes, the abbot of Woburn Abbey . Despite his unbridled lifestyle, he was very religious and his motto was Je tens grace - I seek redemption . Thomas Wyatt, who devoted a satire to him, said in her about his friend that he always tried to "have an honest name next to godly things".
After the bloody end of the Pilgrimage of Grace, Francis Bryan was sent once more to France in April 1537. The Pope was furious about the suppression of the uprising and had therefore sent Reginald Pole to incite the still Catholic kingdoms to war against heretical England. Bryan's official mission was to prevent Francis I from receiving Poles. Unofficially, he had the order to either arrest or even murder Poles. The papal envoy escaped the attack, however, and many suspected that Bryan himself had warned him.
Diplomatic failures
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During another mission to the continent in May of the next year, Bryan was caught in the crossfire once more when Woburn Abbey was examined more closely. Bryan was administrator of the monastery and was a close friend of Abbot Robert Hobbes, who was now on charges of high treason and was executed. In addition, Bryan failed miserably on his mission. Francis I and Charles V had scheduled a meeting to sign a treaty that threatened England. Bryan as the French ambassador and Thomas Wyatt as the imperial ambassador met with the monarchs in Nice and tried there to gain an advantage for England. But now Franz refused to see Bryan. Frustrated and incapacitated, Bryan turned to his old vices, behaved undiplomatically, got drunk and gambled so excessively that Wyatt felt compelled to trigger him. In this situation, both were unable to represent Heinrich's interests as the king wished and Bryan fell out of favor.
Back in England, Bryan faced the king's wrath, who ordered an investigation. Bryan was forced to disclose all his offices and income, and Cromwell, displeased with Bryan's influence, sought evidence that Bryan was secretly working for reconciliation with Rome, as his brother-in-law Nicholas Carew had done. During this time Bryan became seriously ill. He lost his post as chief gentleman of the Privy Chamber and was instead replaced by his own former servant, Anthony Denny. To prove his loyalty to the king, Bryan sat on the jury on February 14, 1539, which found his brother-in-law and friend Nicholas Carew guilty of treason for his alleged involvement in the Exeter conspiracy and sentenced to death. Once more he got away with it all intact, but his influence had suffered badly and his time as ambassador to France was over. Only in 1543 was he sent again on a diplomatic mission, this time to a meeting with Charles V.
The last few years
For the next few years, Francis Bryan concentrated on his service in the Privy Chamber and growing his own fortune. In Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire monasteries were dissolved and their properties were redistributed, from which he also benefited. After the fall of Thomas Cromwell, Bryan's career picked up again, possibly due to the increasing influence of the conservative forces that rallied around Bryan's cousin, Queen Catherine Howard . In 1542 he was the chief knight of Buckinghamshire in Parliament and provided 200 men against the war with Scotland. Catherine Howard's fall, Bryan survived again unscathed. During this time his wife Philippa also died.
In January 1543, Francis Bryan sailed as Vice Admiral of the royal fleet for the Firth of Forth in an attempt to intercept Claude de Lorraine , the father of the Scottish royal consort Marie de Guise . When a storm broke out at sea, Bryan acted arbitrarily, in breach of the orders of Lord High Admiral John Dudley . His command was withdrawn in late February. In the war against France in 1544 Bryan was part of the rearguard of the English army and was one of the generals who carried out the siege of Montreuil in September.
When the French involved the English in naval battles in the Solent in the summer of next year , Bryan and his one-eyed friend Sir John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford , supervised the defenses of the south coast. During the naval battle in the Solent, the French briefly captured the Isle of Wight and sank the English warship Mary Rose under the command of Sir George Carew , a relative of Nicholas Carew's. However, they did not succeed in taking the south coast and in August the French army withdrew from English territory.
In 1546, after the hostilities ended, Francis Bryan attended the reception of the French admiral. In the same year, his cousin Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey was arrested for treason, which is why Bryan, when the situation became critical, sided with the Seymours. While Surrey and his father Norfolk were sentenced to death and their possessions confiscated, Bryan remained undisturbed and earned a handsome income of £ 888 a year. After Surrey was executed, Bryan inherited his golden cloak. Together with his ally Edward Seymour , Bryan went to war against the Scots in September 1547 and was made banner lord in the process.
In 1548 Bryan married his second wife, Joan Butler (née Fitzgerald), Countess of Ormonde and daughter of the Earl of Desmond, who was considered the most powerful widow in Ireland. In this way Bryan secured the administration of the lands of his underage stepson Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormonde. With his marriage he now had some authority in the south of Leinster . His wife, however, was more inclined to her relatives, the Desmonds, and according to some theories, she sometimes worked with Irish rebels. In addition, Bryan now exercised the office of Lord Marshal and thus had the royal troops under his command. The Lord Deputy Sir Edward Bellingham protested violently against Bryan's appointment, calling him a soldier of fortune who would have ripped off lands, dues and the royal treasure. It was also claimed that his command was the young King Edward VI. cost over £ 40,000. Still, Bryan built a reputation for honesty in Ireland and insisted not to bow to the law.
On December 27, 1549 he received the title and office of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. A little later he died unexpectedly on February 2, 1550 in Clonmel . At the English court it was said that his last words were, "I beg you, let me be buried with the good fellows of Waterford ," who had a reputation for being good drinkers.
progeny
How many children Francis Bryan actually had is debatable. According to one source, Bryan had a son named Edmund from his marriage to Philippa Spice and children Francis and Elizabeth Bryan from his marriage to Joan Butler. According to another source, however, the marriages remained childless and his son, mentioned around 1548, was illegitimate.
obituary
There are no contemporary portraits of Francis Bryan, although a satire was dedicated to him by his friend, the poet Thomas Wyatt.
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Bryan ... who knows how great a grace |
Bryan ... who you know how great the grace of |
Roger Ascham , tutor of Princess Elisabeth , described Bryan as "forever young", even at an advanced age, when he was described as "gaunt and dry without moisture". His reputation in Europe remained double-edged. On the one hand, he was one of the few who did not shy away from telling princes the unvarnished truth; on the other hand, his behavior in the case of Anne Boleyn gave him the nickname "Vicar of Hell", which he would never lose again. One reason for this was Nicholas Sanders ' procatholic publication Origin and Progress of the English Schism in 1585, in which Bryan lives up to his nickname. He also appears in Nicolaus Vernuleaus' drama Henricus Octavus from 1624, but as a flatterer.
Bryan was also known among contemporaries for his poetry. Francis Meres called him "the most passionate of us to lament and regret the intricacies of love". Michael Drayton named Bryan, along with Surrey and Wyatt, as one of the authors who contributed to the anthology of Tottel's Miscellany works. Today, however, it is no longer certain which love poems were written by Bryan. All that is known is a poem of moral rules and ethical advice. In 1548 he also published A Dispraise of the Life of a Courtier , his translation of a work by Antonio de Guevara . In doing so, he dealt critically with the court, which, according to him, was "an excess of malice and displeasure".
The 1970 BBC series The Six Wives of Henry VIII , in which every episode revolves around a wife, features Bryan in the third episode through Jane Seymour. He is played by William Abney.
In the third season of the television series The Tudors , Alan Van Sprang played Francis Bryan. The character has no relation to the Boleyns here, as he is only introduced at court after their fall. His affairs include Edward Seymour's second wife Anne Stanhope and he is actively involved in the overthrow of Thomas Cromwell.
Web links
- The Anne Boleyn Files: Sir Richard Page and Sir Francis Bryan
- BRYAN, Sir Francis (by 1492-1550), of the Blackfriars, London, and Ampthill and Woburn, Beds.
- Sir Francis Bryan, Knight Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
literature
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 8. Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-19-861358-X .
- Eric Ives : The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn . Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Mass. u. a. 2004, ISBN 0-631-23479-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d The Anne Boleyn Files: Sir Richard Page and Sir Francis Bryan
- ↑ a b c d Sir Francis Bryan, Knight Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Susan Bridgen: Bryan, Francis . In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 8: Brown Burstow. 2004 Oxford University Press
- ^ A b David Starkey: The Reign of King Henry VIII. Personalities and Politics. 2002 Vintage Books, p. 52
- ↑ David Starkey: The Reign of King Henry VIII. Personalities and Politics. 2002 Vintage Books, p. 51
- ↑ Eric Ives: The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn. 'The Most Happy' . Blackwell Publishing, Malden 2004, ISBN 0-631-23479-9 , p. 107 ( online ).
- ^ [1] "We have been here twelve days, and cannot speak with the Pope. If he had died there would have been a mischievous business. If he die Master Gregory has made incredible efforts for us to have a Pope in our favor. The flattering friar makes the Pope believe the Emperor will come this summer, and restore him Civita Vecchia and Ostia. [...] The Pope is and will be good Imperial, wherefore I wonder whether it be best to have him live or die, for a worse than this is, I ween, for all our matters, cannot be found. [...] It is reported here that Campeggio is thoroughly Imperial, and for your matter there could not have been a worse one sent. "
- ↑ [2] "it might well be in his paternoster, but it was nothing in his creed."
- ↑ [3] "she was declared contumax. Here were looked for witnesses to prove such words as the late Queen spake at the time of the execution of the citation against her, as Master Bryan and others, whose presence might have done much good for divers causes. "
- ^ A b David Starkey: The Reign of King Henry VIII. Personalities and Politics. 2002 Vintage Books, p. 92
- ↑ [4] “when he was suddenly sent for he marveled; but knowing his truth to his prince he never hesitated but went straight to my lord Privy Seal, and then to the King, and there was "nothing found" in him. Said it was a "marvelous and peremptory commandment." Sir Francis said, What then? He must needs do his master's commandment, and I assure you there was never a wiser man to order the King's causes than he is, I pray God save his life, & c. Often afterwards Sir Francis said the abbot was much bounden to pray for his Lordship, and twice said so in his Lordship's presence, viz., At Ampthill and in Brogburugh Park. Asked why he was so bound to my lord Privy Seal, and Sir Francis replied that it [...] words spoken to the King. "
- ↑ Eric Ives: The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn. 'The Most Happy' . Blackwell Publishing, Malden 2004, ISBN 0-631-23479-9 , p. 328 ( online ).
- ↑ Eric Ives: The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn. 'The Most Happy' . Blackwell Publishing, Malden 2004, ISBN 0-631-23479-9 , p. 360 ( online ).
- ^ A b Examination of Sir Francis Bryan
- ^ BRYAN, Sir Francis (by 1492-1550), of the Blackfriars, London, and Ampthill and Woburn, Beds.
- ↑ David Starkey: The Reign of King Henry VIII. Personalities and Politics. 2002 Vintage Books, p. 17
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bryan, Francis |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bryan, Sir Francis (full name); Vicar of Hell |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English diplomat and cousin of Anne Boleyn |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1490 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Cheddington, Buckinghamshire |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 2, 1550 |
| Place of death | Clonmel , I-Kingdom of Ireland |