Camp du Drap d'Or

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 50 ° 51 '8 "  N , 1 ° 55' 23"  E

Field of the Cloth of Gold by James Basire, 1774, engraving after a contemporary oil painting, front left Henry VIII.

The Field of the Cloth of Gold ([ kɑ dy dra dɔr ], Eng. Field of the Cloth of Gold , Ger. Field of the Gilded cloth ) is the historical name of a place in the French community Balinghem between Ardres and Guînes near Calais and was the scene of a meeting between the King of France, Francis I , and the King of England , Henry VIII from June 7 to 24, 1520. The official aim of the meeting was to improve relations between the royal houses.

background

With the death of Emperor Maximilian I in 1519, a succession dispute broke out over rule in the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation . Both the French King Francis I and King Charles I of Spain made their claims. The election fell on June 28, 1519 on Charles V , who had previously been stylized as a “German” candidate . At the time of the meeting in Europe with France under King Francis I and the Holy Roman Empire under Charles V, there were two rival and opposed powers that were gaining influence, each trying to win England as an ally. In the run-up to the royal meeting, Henry VIII and Charles V met on May 26, 1520 in Dover . An alliance between the two powers England and the Holy Roman Empire would have made the situation in Europe extremely threatening for France. The Treaty of London supported the Franco-English rapprochement with an important document. This should be reinforced by the meeting of the two kings in June 1520.

The meeting at the Camp du Drap d'Or

The diplomatic meeting in a makeshift army camp got its name from the sumptuous design of the tent accommodations and the luxurious gold-embroidered costumes with which the two delegations wanted to impress and excel each other.

Numerous influential European diplomats, on the French side Galiot de Genouillac and Gilles de la Pommeraie , consciously attached importance to the accommodation of the monarchs and their entourage during the organization. On the English side, the Earl of Worcester was responsible for organizing the meeting. He landed in English-occupied Calais on April 13, 1520 and agreed with the French negotiators that the meeting of the two kings should take place in the so-called Val d'Or , which was between the English Guînes and the French Ardres . By choosing this area close to the border, the organizers tried to avoid any disadvantage or preference for a delegation. In addition, when the first meeting was held, the ground was leveled at the venue to avoid having one party look up at the other and feel humiliated. Under Worcester's supervision, several courtiers were commissioned to build a makeshift gallery and palace out of wood and fabric. The palace was built on an area of ​​around 10,000 square meters on a stone foundation in front of the existing castle of Guînes around a central courtyard. Several thousand workers and craftsmen were involved in the construction of the palace. Wood was brought in from Kent in England and the Netherlands for the construction, and glass was obtained from Saint-Omer . The temporary residence ultimately consisted of a ten-meter-high wooden support frame covered with painted canvas, which was intended to create the illusion of a solid building. The pitched roof was made of oiled linen and was intended to imitate roofing slate. Elaborately decorated glass windows with gold ornaments were integrated into the building. The organizers set up two ornamental fountains on the forecourt from which red wine gushed. The French camp consisted of 300-400 intricately designed tents made of velvet and gold-colored fabrics. Franz I resided in the largest tent, which was supported by two ship masts. A life-size statue of the Archangel Michael was erected on the tent .

After arriving in Calais, Henry VIII reached his palace in Guînes on June 5, 1520, while Francis I moved into his residence in Ardres. After Cardinal Thomas Wolsey first visited the French king, the first meeting between the two monarchs took place on June 7th, halfway in the Val d'Or:

"Thursdaie the viii [sic] daie of June being Corpus Christi daie the king of Enlang and the frenche king mett in a valley called the goulden dale which dale lyeth in the midwaie betwixt Guisnes and Arde in which Arde the frenche king laie during the triumph . In the said dale the king had his pavilion of cloth of gould pight where there was a certain banquett prepared for the said kings the kings grace was accompanied with five hundred horsemen and three thousand footmen. In like wyse the French king was accompanied with a great company of horsemen and footemen: at the tyme of the meating of theis ii renowned Princes there was proclamacouns made on both parties by the heraults and officers of arms that everie companye should stand still the king of England with his company on the one side of the dale and the frenche king on thother side in likewise: then proclamacouns made paine of death that every company should stand still till the two kings did ride downe the valley and in the bottome they met where ever of them embrased other on horseback in great amytie and then incontinent they lighted from their horses putting their horse from them and imbrasing other with their capps om their hands the lord Marques Dorsett bearing the kings sword naked: In likewise the Duke of Bourbon bearing the French kings sword. "

- Unknown : Joycelene G. Russell: The Field of the Cloth of Gold: Men and manners in 1520 . London 1969. pp. 201f.

The list of those present, written on behalf of Henry VIII, counts around 4,000 people and 2,000 horses as companions of the English king as well as around 1,100 companions and 770 horses on the side of the English queen. Among the people were the Cardinal of York, the Bishop of Winchester, and the Royal Secretary. The program of the following days, consisting of staged tournaments and banquets, made political actions irrelevant. Between June 11th and 22nd, tournaments with over 300 participants took place on the tournament ground, which was built according to a sketch by the English king.

Only the renewal of the Treaty of London can be regarded as the political result of this elaborately staged meeting of rulers. The meeting ended on June 24th with the handing over of gifts and the decision to meet again.

Effect and consequence

Camp du Drap d´Or is considered to be one of the most representative and extravagant rulers' meetings of the early modern period. The rapprochement between the two dynasties is emphasized as the political reason for the joint meeting. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the real reason for research. On the one hand, reference is made to the peace efforts of both rulers to prevent a possible war between the major European powers. On the other hand, Russell portrays it as excessive celebration and power representation of both kings, for whom politics is only a sham. The latter is confirmed by the assumption that Henry VIII and Francis I would have entered into a financial and physical competition for greater royal dignity after the election of Charles V. What is certain is that the rapprochement sought could not bring about the hoped-for goal of a peaceful Europe. Henry VIII and Charles V signed a treaty on July 14th in which they agreed not to enter into an alliance with France. Soon afterwards direct armed conflicts broke out within Europe. Due to the numerous written records in diplomatic correspondence and administrative records by the royal courts, the meeting is one of the most important for scientific research in the early modern period. The sources not only provide a comprehensive overview of the event, but also detailed descriptions of the food, festival, building and negotiation culture of the 16th century.

swell

English sources

  • Edward Hall: Chronicle. Containing the history of England, during the reign of Henry the Fourth, and the succeeding monarchs, to the end of the reign of Henry the Eighth, in which are particularly described the manners and customs of those periods . London 1809.
  • Richard Grafton: A chronicle at large, unto the first yere of Queen Elizabeth . London 1569.

Latin sources

  • Jacques Dubois: Francisci Francorum Regis et Henrici Anglorum Colloqium . Eds. Bamforth, Stephen; Dupèbe, Jean. Renaissance Studies, Volume 5, Numbers 1-2, March 1991, pp. 1-237 (237).

literature

  • Sydney Anglo: Le Camp du Drap d'Or et les entrevues d'Henri VIII et de Charles Quint . In: Marcel Bataillon , Jean Jacquot (ed.): Fêtes et cérémonies au temps de Charles, IIe Congrès de l'Assocociation Internationale des Historiens de la Renaissance (2nd Sect.), Bruxelles, Anvers, Gand, Liège, 2 - 7 septembre 1957 Quint . Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 1975. pp. 113-134.
  • Guillaume Apollinaire: Pages d'histoire. Chroniques des grands siècles . Arts graphiques, Vincennes 1912, pp. 15-18.
  • Charles Gavard: Galeries historiques du palais de Versailles . Volume 1. Imprimerie royale, Paris 1839, pp. 187-190.
  • Charles Giry-Deloison: 1520, le Camp du Drap d'ór. la rencontre d Henry VIII et de François Ier . Château d'Hardelot-Center culturel de l'entente cordiale, Paris 2012.
  • Phyllis Mack: Political rhetoric and poetic meaning in Renaissance culture. Clement Marot and the Field of Cloth of Gold . In: Phyllis Mack, Margaret C. Jacob (Eds.): Politics and culture in early modern Europe . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1987, pp. 59-83.
  • François-Auguste Mignet: Rivalité de François Ier et de Charles-Quint . Volume 1, reprint of the Paris edition of 1875. Mégariotis reprints, Geneva 1978, pp. 246-257.
  • Glenn Richardson: The Field of Cloth of Gold . Yale University Press , New Haven 2014.
  • Joycelyne Gledhill Russell: The Field of Cloth of Gold; Men and Manners in 1520 . Barnes & Noble , New York 1969.
  • Christine Tauber: Mannerism and Rule Practice. The art of politics and art politics at the court of François Ie . Akademie Verlag , Berlin 2009.

Web links

Commons : Camp du drap d'or  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Glenn Richardson: The Field of Cloth of Gold . Yale University Press, New Haven / London 2013, p. 1.
  2. ↑ Charles Giry-Deloison: 1520, le Field of the Cloth of Gold: la rencontre d Henry VIII et de François Ier . Somogy, Paris 2012, p. 24f.
  3. ↑ Charles Giry-Deloison: 1520, le Field of the Cloth of Gold: la rencontre d Henry VIII et de François Ier . Somogy, Paris 2012, p. 40.
  4. ^ Glenn Richardson: The Field of Cloth of Gold. Yale University Press, New Haven / London 2013, p. 24.
  5. ^ Glenn Richardson: The Field of Cloth of Gold . Yale University Press, New Haven / London 2013, p. 31f.
  6. ↑ Christine Tauber: Mannerism and rule practice: the art of politics and art politics at the court of François Ier . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2009, p. 84.
  7. ↑ Jonathan Hughes: Somerset, Charles, first earl of Worcester (c.1460-1526). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  8. ↑ BBC Radio 4, "Field of the Cloth of Gold", Steven Gunn, John Guy, Penny Roberts from: BBC Radio 4 discussion "In our time", No. 42, October 6, 2005.
  9. ↑ RJ Knecht: Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1994, p. 171.
  10. ^ Glenn Richardson: The Field of Cloth of Gold . Yale University Press, New Haven / London 2013, p. 104.
  11. ↑ Charles Giry-Deloison: 1520, le Field of the Cloth of Gold: la rencontre d Henry VIII et de François Ier . Somogy, Paris 2012, p. 49.
  12. ↑ JS Brewer (ed.): Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 3: 1519-1523, March 1520, 21-30, RT 137, Letters indented specifying, in accordance with the treaty of 12 March 1519, the number and rank of the lords, ladies and gentlemen to attend the King and Queen at the interview with Francis I. , Institute of Historical Research, 1867, pp. 235-38.
  13. ↑ Jonathan Hughes: Somerset, Charles, first earl of Worcester (c.1460-1526). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  14. ↑ Joycelene G. Russell: The Field of the Cloth of Gold: Men and manners in 1520 . Routledge & K. Paul, London 1969, pp. 201f.
  15. ↑ Charles Giry-Deloison: 1520, le Field of the Cloth of Gold: la rencontre d Henry VIII et de François Ier . Somogy, Paris 2012, p. 52.
  16. ^ Glenn Richardson: Renaissance Monarchy. The Reigns of Henry VIII, Francis I and Charles V . Arnold Publishers, London 2002, p. 58.
  17. ^ Glenn Richardson: The Field of Cloth of Gold . Yale University Press, New Haven / London 2013, p. 2.
  18. ↑ Joycelene G. Russell: The Field of the Cloth of Gold: Men and manners in 1520 . Routledge & K. Paul, London 1969, pp. 2f.
  19. ^ Glenn Richardson: The Field of Cloth of Gold . Yale University Press, New Haven / London 2013, pp. 199–203.
  20. ^ Glenn Richardson: The Field of Cloth of Gold . Yale University Press, New Haven / London 2013, pp. 2f.