Thomas Cranmer
Thomas Cranmer (born July 2, 1489 in Aslockton , Nottinghamshire , † March 21, 1556 in Oxford ) was an English Archbishop of Canterbury (1533-1556) and reformer .
Life
Cranmer studied at Cambridge and in 1515 received a Masters and Fellowship at Jesus College . In 1523 he received his doctorate. theol. and received a theological professorship at his university. Through his support for Henry VIII in his marriage annulment by Catherine of Aragón , he won the favor of the king, who declared him on August 22, 1532 as the successor to William Warham . Thomas Cranmer was ordained Archbishop of Canterbury on March 30, 1533. He declared the marriage of Henry VIII with Anne Boleyn , which had been concluded in January 1533, to be valid and thus also the divorce from Catherine of Aragón to be legal. In doing so, he drew the wrath of the Vatican , which responded with a papal threat of ban and a year later with a ban . Henry VIII then declared the separation of the English Church from Rome and himself head of the Church of England . In 1547, Cranmer put together the Book of Common Prayer , which is still the working agenda of the Anglican Church.
After the deaths of Heinrich and his successor Edward VI. the elder daughter of Heinrich Maria the Catholic ( Bloody Mary ) came to power. With the help of Reginald Pole , she attempted to recatholize England. Thomas Cranmer was arrested on September 8, 1553 and locked in the Tower of London . In the subsequent trial against him, faced with threats of torture, he initially revoked his Anglican creed, but then withdrew from it in a public statement at St. Mary's in Oxford . On March 21, 1556, he was removed from office and sentenced to death at the stake . The Victorian Martyrs' Memorial in Oxford commemorates his cremation and the previous cremation of two other Anglican bishops, Nicholas Ridley and Hugh Latimer .
Remembrance day
- Evangelical: March 21 on the calendar of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
- Anglican: March 21
Roman-like representation
- CJ Sansom : Heartstone , 2010 (German edition Pfeil der Rache . Fischer Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2011. ISBN 978-3-596-19105-5 )
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 1152-1154.
- Marie-Luise Ehrenschwendtner: Cranmer, Thomas . In: Religion Past and Present (RGG). 4th edition. Volume 2, Mohr-Siebeck, Tübingen 1999, Sp. 483.
- Geoffrey Rudolph Elton : Cranmer, Thomas . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie (TRE). Volume 8, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1981, ISBN 3-11-008563-1 , pp. 226-229.
- Theodor Kolde : Cranmer, Thomas . In: Realencyklopadie for Protestant Theology and Church (RE). 3. Edition. Volume 4, Hinrichs, Leipzig 1898, pp. 317-329.
- Diarmaid MacCulloch : Thomas Cranmer: A Life ; New Haven, Yale Univ. Press 1996.
- Karl Zuchardt: 1547 - Henry of England . In: Karl Zuchardt: The Hour of Truth - Farewell and End . 1972.
- Ulrich Gäbler : Marauding soldiers and rebelling farmers. The English diplomat Thomas Cranmer reports from Villach around 1532. In: Neues aus Alt-Villach , 50th yearbook 2013, pp. 133–151.
Web links
- Literature by and about Thomas Cranmer in the catalog of the German National Library
- Cranmer . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 4, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 326.
Individual evidence
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| William Warham |
Archbishop of Canterbury 1533–1556 |
Reginald Pole |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Cranmer, Thomas |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English Archbishop of Canterbury (1533–1556) and reformer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 2, 1489 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Aslockton , Nottinghamshire |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 21, 1556 |
| Place of death | Oxford |