1539

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1539
Duke George the Bearded of Saxony dies.	The Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto lands in Florida .
Francis I of France has the Edict of Villers-Cotterets , that every official document in French must be drawn up.
1539 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	987/988 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1531/32
Buddhist calendar	2082/83 (southern Buddhism); 2081/82 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	70th (71st) cycle Year of the Earth-Pig己亥 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Dog 戊戌)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	901/902 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3872/73 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	917/918
Islamic calendar	945/946 (turn of the year 18/19 May)
Jewish calendar	5299/5300 (September 12/13)
Coptic calendar	1255/56
Malayalam calendar	714/715
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1849/50 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1850/51 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1595/96 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

America

Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada

• April 27 : In the presence of Sebastián de Belalcázar and Nikolaus Federmann , the Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada carries out the formal legal establishment of the city of Santa Fé de Bogotá .
• May 28 : Hernando de Soto lands near Tampa Bay on the Florida coast and begins his four-year expedition through the North American southeast.
• August 15 : On the site of the Inca city of Yarowilca , the conquistador Gómez de Alvarado y Contreras founds the city of La muy noble y leal ciudad de los Caballeros del León de Huánuco .
• Antonio de Mendoza , Viceroy of New Spain , sends the priest Marcos de Niza from Mexico City to the north in search of the mythical Seven Cities of Cibola . Led by the Moors Estevanico, he is supposed to find the cities and explore whether an expedition is worthwhile.

Holy Roman Empire

Dominions at the start of Wilhelm's government

• February 6th : Johann , first Duke of the United Duchies of Jülich-Kleve-Berg , dies. His successor is his son Wilhelm .
• April 17th : After the death of George the Bearded , whose son and Hereditary Prince Friedrich died on February 26th, his 66-year-old brother Heinrich the Pious became Duke of Saxony and Sagan and Margrave of Meissen . Under his government, Protestantism was elevated to the status of the state religion. Those who refuse to accept the new religion will be expelled from the country or imprisoned. On May 25, the Reformation will take place in Leipzig in the presence of Martin Luther . In November, however, he had to make some concessions to the state parliament in order to get funding approved.
• November 1st : Joachim II , Elector of Brandenburg, takes part in a communion for the first time in both guises. The Margraviate of Brandenburg thus joins the Reformation, which is then enforced through a church ordinance largely formulated by Johannes Agricola .
• The Duchy of Gifhorn , which only existed for ten years, is founded. Duke Ernst von Braunschweig-Lüneburg comes to terms with his brother and previous co-regent Franz with the duchy.

Other events in Europe

Hans Holbein : Sir Nicholas Carew

• March 8 : Nicholas Carew is executed in the Tower of London on suspicion of being involved in the Exeter conspiracy against King Henry VIII of England the previous year .
• August 15 : The French King Francis I issues the Edict of Villers-Cotterêts , which decrees that all official documents must be written in French .

science and technology

Carta Marina

• The first copies of the Carta Marina , created by the Swedish Bishop Olaus Magnus over a period of twelve years, are printed in Venice. It is the earliest map of Northern Europe .

Culture

Macropedius' Hecastus , first edition by Michael Hillen

• The Dutch playwright Georgius Macropedius publishes his neo-Latin drama Hecastus in Antwerp , an adaptation of the Jedermann subject in the tradition of the English Everyman and the Dutch Elckerlijc .
• The Christmas carol, probably composed by Martin Luther in 1535 , Vom Himmel hoch, I come here , is being printed for the first time.

religion

Anna Jansz on the way to the execution, depiction from the Märtyrerspiegel 1685

• January 24th : Anna Jansz is executed by drowning in Rotterdam for singing an Anabaptist song .
• March 19 : The diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas is founded in Mexico .
• April 19 : In the Frankfurt decency of 1539 the Nuremberg decency of 1532 is reaffirmed, which is supposed to secure the status quo between Protestants and Catholics in the empire.
• The Lutheranism prevails against the resistance of the Catholic bishop Jón Arason in Iceland by.
• The dissolution of the English monasteries , which began last year on the occasion of the Reformation in England on the orders of King Henry VIII , will be continued. Bolton Abbey , Fountains Abbey and Kirkstall Abbey , among others, will be abandoned.
• The Himmelstädt monastery is dissolved in the course of the Reformation in Brandenburg .

Born

Date of birth saved

• January 28 : Nicolò Donà , 93rd Doge of Venice († 1618 )

• February 10 : Henni Arneken , Mayor of the old town of Hildesheim († 1602 )
• February 13 : Elisabeth of Hesse , Electress of the Palatinate († 1582 )
• February 23 : Heinrich XI. , Duke of Liegnitz († 1588 )

• March 18 : Maria von Nassau , Countess of Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden and Diez († 1599 )

• April 5 : Georg Friedrich I , Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Duke of Jägerndorf, administrator of the Duchy of Prussia († 1603 )
• April 6 : Amalia von Neuenahr-Alpen , Countess of Limburg and Electress of the Palatinate († 1602 )
• April 7th : Tobias Stimmer , Swiss painter († 1584 )
• April 17 : Hartwig Schmidenstet , German rhetorician († 1595 )
• April 30 : Barbara of Austria , Duchess of Ferrara († 1572 )

• May 4 : Hans Wolf von Schönberg , electoral Saxon politician († 1603 )

• June 6 : Katharina Wasa , Princess of Sweden and Countess of East Friesland († 1610 )

• July 4th : Ludwig VI. , Count Palatine of Simmern and Elector Palatinate († 1583 )

• August 19 : Andreas Schato , German mathematician, physicist and physician († 1603 )

• October 1 : Peter Wok von Rosenberg , Bohemian nobleman and politician, last of the Rosenbergs († 1611 )
• October 22 : Luigi Gonzaga , Duke of Nevers and Duke of Rethel († 1595 )

• December 20 : Paul Melissus , German neo-Latin poet, translator and composer († 1602 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Jodocus Amman , Swiss-German draftsman, etcher and engraver, form cutter, painter and author († 1591 )
• Giovanni Andrea Doria , Genoese admiral († 1606 )
• Katarina Hansdotter , mistress of the Swedish King Johann III. († 1596 )
• Hasegawa Tōhaku , Japanese painter († 1610 )
• Heinrich IV. , Last count of Sayn-Sayn († 1606 )
• Torii Mototada , Japanese samurai († 1600 )

Born around 1539

• Geoffrey Fenton , English statesman († 1608 )

Died

January to April

• January 14 : Giovanni Antonio da Pordenone , Italian painter (* around 1484 )
• January 24 : Anna Jansz , German martyr of the Anabaptist movement (* 1509 / 1510 )
• February 6th : Johann , regent of the United Duchies of Jülich-Kleve-Berg (* 1490 )
• February 7th : Anna von Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach , regent of Teschen (* 1487 )

Isabella d'Este

• February 13 : Isabella d'Este , Duchess of Mantua and one of the most important people in the culture and politics of the Italian Renaissance (* 1474 )
• February 26 : Friedrich , Hereditary Prince of Saxony (* 1504 )

• March 8 : Nicholas Carew , English nobleman (* around 1496 )
• March 11 : Johannes Baptist Righi , Franciscan hermit (* 1469 )
• March 13 : Thomas Boleyn , English nobleman, father of Anne and Mary Boleyn (* 1477 )
• March 19 : Edmund Howard , English nobleman (* 1478 )

Grave slab of George the Bearded in Meissen Cathedral

• April 17th : George the Bearded , Duke of Saxony (* 1471 )

May to December

Isabella of Portugal

• May 1 : Isabella of Portugal , Roman-German Empress, wife of Emperor Charles V (* 1503 )
• May 7th : María de Salinas , Spanish nobleman and lady-in-waiting of Catherine of Aragón (* around 1490 )
• June 4th : Maria von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Abbess of the Imperial Free Secular Imperial Monastery of Gandersheim (* 1521 )
• June 20 : Philip III. , Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (* 1486 )

• July 9 : Adrian Fortescue , English knight and martyr (* around 1476 )
• July 12th : Fernando Columbus , Spanish navigator, humanist and cosmographer, illegitimate son of Christopher Columbus (* 1488 )
• August 14 : Piers Edgcumbe , English nobleman, politician and military man (* around 1472 )

• October 15 : Jost III. von Rosenberg , nobleman from the Rosenberg family (* 1488 )
• October 18 : Edmund Braye, 1st Baron Braye , English nobleman (* 1484 )
• December 28 : Agnes Dürer , Nuremberg art dealer and wife of Albrecht Dürer (* 1475 )

Exact date of death unknown

• May 7th or September 22nd : Nanak Dev , Indian saint and founder of Sikhism (* 1469 )
• after December 15 : Tundama , South American cacique in the area around Duitama

Marco Palmezzano: self-portrait

• Marco Palmezzano , Italian painter (* 1456 )
• Ubaidullah , Uzbek governor of Bukhara (* 1476 )
• Ambrosius von Viermund , diplomat from the Electorate of Cologne, founder of the Lower Rhine noble family Virmond-Neersen (* before 1480 )

Died around 1539

• 1539/ 40 : Colijn de Coter , Flemish painter (* 1450 )