1618

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1618
The second lintel in Prague triggered the Thirty Years War .
The Dordrecht synod to settle the dispute over predestination begins.	Willebrord van Roijen Snell formulates Snellius' law of refraction .
1618 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1066/67 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1610/11 (September 10/11)
Bengali solar calendar	1023/245 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2161/62 (southern Buddhism); 2160/61 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	71st (72nd) cycle Year of the Earth-Horse戊午 ( at the beginning of the year Fire-Snake 丁巳)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	980/981 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3951/52 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	996/997
Islamic calendar	1027/28 (turn of the year 18/19 December)
Jewish calendar	5378/79 (September 19-20)
Coptic calendar	1334/35 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	793/794
Mayan Calendar	September 20, 1618 - beginning of Baktun 12
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1928/29 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1929/30 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1674/75 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Thirty Years' War

Second Prague window lintel, illustration from Theatrum Europaeum , Vol. 1, by Matthäus Merian

• May 23 : After a dispute at Prague Castle, several Bohemian nobles led by Heinrich Matthias von Thurn and Joachim Andreas von Schlick , who had previously held an improvised court hearing, throw the royal governors Jaroslav Borsita von Martinic and Wilhelm Slavata as well as the clerk's secretary Philipp Fabricius from the window. The second lintel in Prague is the climax of the class uprising in Bohemia and ends in the Thirty Years' War .
• May 24th : The Bohemian estates form a thirty-member directorate in Prague, which is supposed to secure the new power of the nobility. The main tasks are the drafting of a constitution, the election of a new king of Bohemia and the military defense against the emperor.
• The first skirmishes in South Bohemia begin in the summer, while both sides seek allies and prepare for a major military strike. The Bohemian rebels can Friedrich V of the Palatinate , the head of the Protestant Union and the Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel I win them over. The latter finances the army under Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld to support Bohemia. The Habsburgs hire Charles Bonaventure de Longueval , who is marching on Bohemia at the end of August.
• August: The Spanish-Habsburg archpriest Nicolò Rusca is convicted in the Thusner criminal court in Thusis and executed on September 4th . This leads to the outbreak of the Bündner turmoil in the Three Leagues .
• November 9th : Bohemian troops under Count Mansfeld defeat imperial soldiers under Charles Bonaventure de Longueval who retreat to Budweis in a battle near Lomnitz .

Siege of Pilsen

• November 21 : After a two-month siege, Pilsen is taken by Count Mansfeld.

Other events in the Holy Roman Empire

• July 1st : Ferdinand II is coronated as King of Hungary in St. Martin's Church in Pressburg
• July 6 : The Reich Chamber of Commerce confirms Hamburg's status as a Free Imperial City in a long, smoldering legal dispute . The judgment is not recognized by the Danish King Christian IV . It was not until the Gottorp Treaty in 1768 that people would give in.
• July 20 : Melchior Cardinal Klesl is arrested and imprisoned in Ambras

Other events in Europe

• October 29th : Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded by order of King James I of England on the basis of a 15-year-old death sentence.
• December 11th : The Treaty of Deulino ends the Polish-Russian war that broke out in 1609 with an armistice of 14.5 years. Poland-Lithuania reaches its greatest extent with the territorial concessions reached in the treaty.

• King Gustav II Adolf and his Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna found the Swedish Imperial Archives as an independent institution in the Royal Chancellery.
• With the St Mary's Tower , the sixth of the Wignacourt Towers is being built in Malta under the rule of Grand Master Alof de Wignacourt to defend the island.

Asia

• King Anaukpetlun of the Burmese Taungu dynasty gives up the siege of Lampang . The Siamese-Burmese War , which has been going on since 1613, ends with a peace treaty. Tavoy goes to the Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya under King Songtham and Chiang Mai goes to Burma.

economy

• In the dispute with Klosterneuburg Abbey , the city ​​of Vienna was awarded the Krieau .
• The Corona Danica is introduced as a coin type in Denmark.

science and technology

• May 15 : Johannes Kepler formulates his third law on planetary motion .

Snellius' law of refraction

• Willebrord van Roijen Snell formulates Snellius' law of refraction .

Culture

• Autumn: The baroque court theater in Parma , built according to plans by Giovanni Battista Aleotti , is completed. After its opening, however, it remains unused for ten years.

• Federico Borromeo , Archbishop of Milan, donates his private collection of around 250 paintings, sculptures and drawings, thereby establishing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana .

Christ in the house of Mary and Martha

• Shortly after completing his apprenticeship with Francisco Pacheco del Río, Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez produced the painting Christ in the House of Mary and Martha .

religion

• November 13th : On the initiative of Moritz von Oranien, a synod of the Reformed Church begins in Dordrecht to decide on the Calvinist doctrine of predestination . Your decisions affect the present.
• December 27th : The Upper German Cistercian Congregation is founded.
• The remonstrants Johan van Oldenbarnevelt and Hugo Grotius are arrested by Moritz von Orange .

Disasters

• September 4th : In the lower Bergell there is a landslide on the mountain Conto, which buries the place Piuro (Plurs) for the most part and the village Chilano (Schilan) completely under rock debris. Around 2,430 people are killed.

nature and environment

The comet of 1618 over Augsburg

• November 25th : The Great Comet C / 1618 W1 is likely to be seen for the first time. Sightings are reported from Europe and Asia during the year. While leading scientists such as Johannes Kepler , Johann Baptist Cysat , Pierre Gassendi or Willebrord van Roijen Snell are making exact observations, others discuss in the so-called Ulm Comet Dispute whether this and other comets that appeared in the same year are divine signs because of the Europe-wide war that has just broken out or are purely natural Apparitions. The comet is seen in numerous writings as the ominous harbinger of various calamities and as a warning and "rod of anger" sent by God .

Born

Date of birth saved

• 0January 1 (baptized): Bartolomé Esteban Murillo , Spanish painter († 1682 )
• 0January 8 : Madeleine Béjart , French actress († 1672 )
• February 12 : Olof Verelius , Swedish linguist and antiquarian († 1682 )
• February 26 : Francesco Morosini , 108th Doge of Venice († 1694 )
• 0April 2 : Francesco Maria Grimaldi , Italian physicist and mathematician († 1663 )
• 0April 4th : Ferrante III. Gonzaga , Duke of Guastalla († 1678 )
• April 13 : Roger de Bussy-Rabutin , French general and writer († 1693 )
• April 28 : Dietrich von Ahlefeldt , bailiff zu Schwabstedt, lord of Osterrade and Kluvensiek and monastery provost zu Uetersen († 1664 )
• April 28 : Friedrich von Ahlefeldt , lord of Gut Seestermühe, Schinkel, Gut Steinhorst, Gut Tremsbüttel, Prince Gottorffischen governor and monastery provost of Uetersen († 1665 )
• June 21 : Johann Bellin , German grammarian († 1660 )
• July 10 : Everhard IV. Jabach , German entrepreneur and art collector († 1695 )
• 0September 9 : Joan Cererols , Catalan Benedictine and composer († 1680 )
• September 14 : Peter Lely , English painter of Dutch origin († 1680 )
• 0October 7 : Rosina Schnorr , entrepreneur in the Erzgebirge († 1679 )
• October 15 : Johan de Witt , Dutch politician († 1676 )
• 0November 3 : Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , Mughal Mughal of India († 1707 )
• November 12 : Gottfried Welsch , German physician († 1690 )
• November 13 : Gottfried Meisner German Protestant theologian († 1690 )
• December 18 : Karl Kaspar von der Leyen , Archbishop and Elector of Trier († 1676 )
• December 26th : Elisabeth von Herford , Princess of the Electoral Palatinate, Abbess of Herford Monastery († 1680 )
• December 28 : Catharina Hooft , Dutch patrician at the time of the " Golden Age " († 1691 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Athittayawong , King of Ayutthaya († after 1656)
• Giovanni Maria Galli da Bibiena , Italian painter († 1665 )
• Jan Aleksander Gorczyn , Polish printer, publisher and composer († after 1694)
• James Nayler , English Quaker († 1660 )
• Sulinyavongsa , Laotian ruler of Lan Xang († 1690 )

Born around 1618

• Charles Fleetwood , English soldier and politician († 1692 )

Died

Date of death secured

• January 16 : Stephan von Seiboldsdorf , Prince-Bishop of Freising (* 1580 )
• 0February 3 : Philip II , Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (* 1573 )
• February 20 : Philipp Wilhelm of Orange-Nassau , Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau (* 1554 )
• 0March 2nd : Robert Abbot , English clergyman (* 1560 )
• 0March 5 : Barbara von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Neuburg , Countess of Oettingen-Oettingen (* 1559 )
• 0March 5 : John of Sweden , Duke of Östergötland and Finland (* 1589 )
• 0March 5 : Kaspar von Fürstenberg , Elector of Cologne Drost and Elector of Mainz bailiff, Landdrost (* 1545 )
• March 16 : Gottfried Anton , German legal scholar (* 1571 )
• March 16 : Giovanni Bembo , 92nd Doge of Venice (* 1543 )
• March 24th : Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick , English nobleman (* 1559 )
• 0April 3 : Jakob Adam , German preacher (* 1568 )
• April 13 : Johann Fladenstein , German lawyer (* 1558 )
• April 18 : Barbe Acarie , French Carmelite (* 1566 )

Jacques Davy Duperron

• 0May 5th : Jacques-Davy Duperron , French cardinal, poet and diplomat (* 1556 )
• 0May 9 : Nicolò Donà , 93rd Doge of Venice (* 1539 )
• May 16 : Dorothy Wadham , co-founder of Wadham College in Oxford (* 1534 or 1535)
• May 24th : Johann Georg I , Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (* 1567 )
• August 27 : Albrecht Friedrich , ruling prince of the Duchy of Prussia (* 1553 )
• 0September 3 : Friedrich IV. Von dem Bergh , officer in the general state and Spanish service during the Eighty Years War (* 1559 )
• October 29 : Sir Walter Raleigh , English adventurer and writer (* 1554 )
• 0November 2 : Maximilian III. , Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and Administrator of Prussia (* 1558 )
• November 14th : Anna Maria , Princess of Brandenburg and Duchess of Pomerania (* 1567 )
• December 10 : Giulio Caccini , Italian composer (* 1545 )
• December 15 : Anna von Tirol , wife of Emperor Matthias and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (* 1585 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Ollegard von Ahlefeldt , heiress of the estates of Haselau and Kaden (* 1547 )
• Wulf Jürgen von Ahlefeldt , lord of the Aschau, Schwensby and Wulfshagen estates
• Teodoro d'Errico , Flemish-Neapolitan painter (* 1542/44 )

Web links

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