1623

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1623
Maffeo Barberini is as Urban VIII. Pope.	Wilhelm Schickard builds the first calculating machine .
The battle of Stadtlohn ends with a devastating defeat for Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel .
1623 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1071/72 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1615/16 (September 11-12)
Bengali solar calendar	1028/1029 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2166/67 (southern Buddhism); 2165/66 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	71st (72nd) cycle Year of the Water Pig癸亥 ( at the beginning of the year Water Dog 壬戌)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	985/986 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3956/57 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1001/02
Islamic calendar	1032/33 (New Year 24/25 October)
Jewish calendar	5383/84 (September 24/25)
Coptic calendar	1339/40 (September 11-12)
Malayalam calendar	798/799
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1933/34 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1934/35 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1679/80 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Holy Roman Empire

Awarding of the electoral dignity to Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria at the Regensburg Fürstentag

• February 23 : Ferdinand II revokes the electoral dignity of Friedrich of the Palatinate and transfers it to Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria.
• February 25th : Maximilian I of Bavaria receives the Palatinate electoral dignity from Emperor Ferdinand II. At the Regensburg Princes' Day, but without the right to inherit it. Munich becomes the electoral residence city.

Duke Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in splendid armor

• July 6th : There is a battle at Reiffenhausen near Göttingen between the victorious Palatine Protestant troops under Christian von Halberstadt and the imperial ones under Franz Albrecht von Sachsen-Lauenburg .
• August 6th : At Stadtlohn , Duke Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, who invaded Westphalia from the Netherlands with mercenaries, is defeated by the army of the Catholic League under the general Count von Tilly . The devastatingly defeated army of the "Tollen Christian" is thus de facto eliminated from the Thirty Years' War . This ends the Bohemian-Palatinate War.
• As the successor of the Sept. 17 dead Lothar von Metternich is Philipp Christoph von Sötern the Archbishop and Elector of Trier selected.

• The Hohenzollern lines Hohenzollern and Hohenzollern-Hechingen be of Emperor Ferdinand II. In the Imperial Prince collected.

American colonies

At the endeavors of the Puritan John White , the Dorchester Company founded a fishing colony on Cape Ann near the present-day city of Gloucester , which was unsuccessful for the time being. In 1629 , however, the Massachusetts Bay Colony developed from it .

Japan

• Tokugawa Hidetada resigns and makes his eldest son Tokugawa Iemitsu the 3rd Shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate. However, he kept de facto power in his hands until his death in 1632 .

economy

The Laughing and wainend Müntz Legat , contemporary pamphlet with Valvationstabelle that the decay of different currencies during the Kipper and Wipper period shows

• Saxon coin history : With a coin reform, the " tipper and wipper era " ends after three years . The sovereigns begin to withdraw the inferior coins and mint new money from old grist and grain . The tipper mints are closed.
• The Hamburg Admiralty , the most important Hamburg port authority, is founded and in the same year the Admiralty shipyard in Hamburg is built .
• In Saxony-Weimar , the Pallastaler was minted for the last time in the Weimar mint .

science and technology

• The German astronomer and mathematician Wilhelm Schickard designed the Astroscopium , a cone made of paper with the starry sky depicted inside, and built the first four-species machine , an early calculating machine .

Culture

Visual arts

Still life 1623

• Juan van der Hamen y León paints the second of two still lifes with a bowl of fruit, birds and a view of the window in oil on wood .

Literature and theater

Title page of the First Folio with the famous Shakespeare portrait by Martin Droeshout

• In London - seven years after William Shakespeare's death - the first complete edition of his dramas, the so-called First Folio , appears under the title Mr William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories and Tragedies . This is the first time that the complete edition of the drama Heinrich V is found , which is twice as long as the fourth edition from 1600 . Editors are Shakespeare's colleagues John Heminges and Henry Condell .
• The tragedy The Duchess of Malfi ( The Duchess of Amalfi ) by John Webster - premiered in 1613 or 1614 - is first published in print.
• Tommaso Campanella wrote the utopian work La città del Sole , which depicts the economic and political structure of an ideal state. The presentation takes the form of a poetic dialogue between a Genoese ship commander and the Grand Master of the Hospitallers.

music

• On the occasion of the inauguration of the Altroßgärter Church in Königsberg , the clergyman Georg Weissel writes the text for the hymn, Power up the door, based on Psalm 24 . In the same year he also wrote the text for the hymn Such, who wants there, another goal .

religion

Christianity

On July 8 dies Pope Gregory XV. after two years of pontificate in Rome. On August 6, after 18 days of deliberation, the Maffeo conclave elects Cardinal Barberini as his successor. He takes the name Urban VIII . With this, the power of the Italian noble family Barberini reached its peak.

Buddhism

• The Buddhist Tsheten Monastery is founded in Amdo in Tibet .

Disasters

• The victims of the hunger winter in Graubünden in 1622/23 are estimated at several thousand people.

Born

First half of the year

Blaise Pascal

• January 18 : Sebastian Achamer , Austrian organ builder († 1694 )
• 0February 8 : Stephan II. Thököly , Hungarian count and landowner († 1670 )
• 0March 9 : William Byam , English governor of Suriname († 1670 )
• March 16 : Andreas Herold , German piece and bell caster († 1696 )
• March 31 : Johannes Colberg , German Lutheran theologian († 1687 )

• April 30 : François de Montmorency-Laval , first Catholic bishop in Canada († 1708 )
• 0May 1 : Hans Ernst von Wied-Runkel , German soldier and court official († 1664 )
• May 27 : William Petty , English physicist and economist († 1687 )
• May 30 : Wallerant Vaillant , Dutch painter and etcher († 1677 )

• June 15 : Cornelis de Witt , Dutch politician († 1672 )
• June 19 : Blaise Pascal , French mathematician († 1662 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 2 : Christian Arnd , German theologian and logician († 1653 )
• July 14 : Hedwig Sophie von Brandenburg , Countess of Hessen-Kassel († 1683 )

• 0August 4th : Friedrich Casimir von Hanau , Count of Hanau-Münzenberg († 1685 )
• 0August 5 : Albrecht Sigismund of Bavaria , Prince-Bishop of Freising († 1685 )
• 0August 5 : Antonio Cesti , Italian composer and conductor († 1669 )

• October 17 : François Turrettini , Reformed theologian from Geneva († 1687 )
• October 22 : Severus Christoph Olpius , German moral philosopher and Lutheran theologian († 1673 )
• October 28 : Johann Grueber , Austrian explorer, Jesuit and missionary († 1680 )
• December 23 : Matthias Palbitzki , Swedish diplomat († 1677 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Friedrich Reichsgraf von Ahlefeldt , Lord of Rixingen and Mörsberg († 1686 )
• Margaret Cavendish , English nobleman and writer († 1673 )
• Jane Leade , English Christian mystic († 1704 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0January 8 : Andreas Crappius , German hymn composer (* 1542 )
• January 15 : Paolo Sarpi , Italian religious and historian (* 1552 )
• January 26 : Johannes Olearius , German Lutheran theologian and philologist (* 1546 )
• 0March 7th : Luis Mendez de Vasconcellos , 55th Grand Master of the Order of Malta in Malta (* 1543 )
• 25 March : Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne , Duke of Bouillon, French military leader, diplomat and politician (* 1555 )
• 0April 2 : Michael Wolf , German mathematician, physicist, logician and metaphysicist (* 1584 )
• April 16 : Domenico Fetti , Italian painter (* 1588 / 89 )
• 0May 6th : Wolfgang Werther Mühlpfordt , German legal scholar (* 1575 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 6 : William Byrd , English composer (* 1543 )

Tomb of Gregory XV.

• 0July 8th : Alessandro Ludovisi, under the name Gregor XV. Pope (* 1554 )

• 0August 9 : Georg , Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (* 1562 )
• August 12th : Antonio Priuli , 94th Doge of Venice (* 1548 )
• August 17th : Aron Bonn , German businessman and head of the Jewish community in Frankfurt am Main

• September 27th : Johann VII. , Count of Nassau-Siegen (* 1561 )
• September 28 : Johann Georg , Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (* 1577 )

• October 14 : Jürgen Röttger , German stonemason and sculptor (* 1550 / 51 )
• October 24 : Sebastian von Bergen , German lawyer and statesman (* 1554 )

• November 5 : Adolf von Tecklenburg , Count of Tecklenburg (* 1577 )
• November 11th : Philippe Duplessis-Mornay , Reformed theologian and statesman (* 1549 )
• November 12 : Kanō Sadanobu , Japanese painter (* 1597 )
• November 12 : Josaphat Kunzewitsch , Archbishop of Polotsk and saint of the Catholic Church (* 1580 )
• November 13th : Erdmuthe von Brandenburg , Duchess of Pomerania (* 1561 )

• December 19 : Heinrich Brockes I. , Mayor of Lübeck (* 1567 )
• December 25th : Lucio Sanseverino , Cardinal of the Roman Church and Archbishop of Salerno (* 1565 )

Exact date of death unknown

• November: William Jaggard , English printer and publisher (* around 1568 )

• Francisco de Mendoza , Spanish general (* 1545 )
• Tulsidas , Indian poet, mystic, reformer, saint and philosopher (* around 1532/1543)

Died around 1623

• Jacob Paix , German organist, organ builder, conductor, composer and publisher (* 1556 )

Web links

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