Paolo Sarpi

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Paolo Sarpi
Monument to Paolo Sarpi in Venice

Paolo Sarpi OSM , born Pietro Sarpi (born August 14, 1552 in Venice ; † January 15, 1623 ibid) was an Italian religious and historian.

Life

Religious and scholar

Pietro Sarpi, called "Pierino", was born the son of a merchant. At the age of 14 he entered the Order of the Servites and took the name Paolo . In 1570, Duke Guglielmo Gonzaga of Mantua appointed the only 18-year-old, who had already caused a sensation due to his talent, as court theologian and theologian of the city of Mantua. Sarpi used his office to study numerous subjects, from mathematics to the oriental languages.

In 1573, Sarpi was first charged with heresy. According to a brother’s ad, he claimed that the Trinity could not be derived from the creation story . Sarpi pointed out that the confrere was unable to read Hebrew and was therefore unsuitable as a source of information. That was the end of the case. In Padua he received his doctorate theologiae and, at only 23 years old, was appointed reading master in 1575 .

In 1579 he became Provincial of the Venetian Province. In 1585 he was entrusted with the office of General Procurator , the second highest in his order. So he came to Rome and made friends with the Jesuit Roberto Bellarmino , who gave him access to papal documents relating to the Council of Trent . In 1589 he returned to Venice. When Galileo Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics in neighboring Padua in 1592, he made a lifelong friendship with him. He aroused suspicion among some clergy because he was not afraid to correspond with scholars known as Protestants . He maintained contact with Giovanni Diodati , who sent him hundreds of copies of his Bible translations from Geneva .

The dispute between the Republic of Venice and the Pope

In 1605 there was an open dispute between the Republic of Venice and Pope Paul V after the Senate of Venice had passed several laws that placed church institutions under state supervision and restricted the privileges of the clergy . Sarpi stated in a memorandum that in this dispute the Pope was not entitled to threaten a church ban and an interdict and that Venice could appeal to a general council . In 1606, the Senate appointed Sarpi as theologian and canonist of the Republic of Venice in order to be able to represent the Venetian legal conception theologically . As announced, Pope Paul V excommunicated the Senate and the interdict over the entire Republic of Venice in 1607. In several writings, Sarpi defended the freedom of secular governments against papal violence so decisively and courageously that he was put under the spell by the Pope . He advocated the separation of secular and spiritual authority, stating that a Christian is only owed to obedience to spiritual authority after examining its rules for himself. Three attacks on his life failed and he survived the second seriously injured. The people who commissioned the attacks were the Pope and his nephew, Scipione Caffarelli Borghese . The attempted murder finally persuaded Sarpi to retire to a monastery in Venice; he stayed there until his death.

The Istoria del concilio Tridentino

In order to be able to support her position in the dispute with the Pope with documents and as thanks for the service rendered to the Republic of Venice, Sarpi was given access to the Venetian archives. Sarpe used their holdings for his main work: the Istoria del concilio Tridentino. In order to circumvent church censorship, the book was published in London in 1619 under the pseudonym Pietro Soave Polano. Sarpi foresaw or feared that the council would lead in the long term to an increase in the power of the Pope and the Curia , if not even to "ecclesial absolutism". He tried to prove that the reunification of the Protestants with the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent had been prevented by the intrigues of the Curia. John Milton celebrated Sarpi in his Aeropagitica as the “great unmasker” of the Council of Trent.

Sarpis Istoria del concilio Tridentino became the first “master narrative” for the Council of Trento, partly because of its anti-Roman orientation popular among contemporary scholars, partly because of the exemplary evaluation of the sources - for that time. The following year the book was translated into German and in 1621 by Giovanni Diodati into French. In 1738 a revised edition by Pierre François Le Courayer was published.

His letters are also historically valuable. The correspondence with Francesco Castrino, who was staying at the French royal court, is known.

Fonts in German translation (selection)

Translations (and adaptations) of the history of the Council of Trent into German

  • Detailed history and description of the Concilij of Trient. Therein all the ranks and pricks are discovered with which the Bapst and the Roman court appealed to the Keyser and the estates of the empire for a long time because of the delighted Concilij. Gottfridt Tampach, Frankfurt am Main 1620.
  • Brief history of the Tridentine Concilii. With some explanations and the essence of Fr Le Covrayer's comments. Edited by Christian Hecht. Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig 1742.
  • History of the Tridentine Concilii with D. Courayer's notes. Gebauer and Stettin, Halle 1761–1765.
  • Paul Sarpi's History of the Council of Trident , 7 volumes. Verlag der neue Buch- und Kunsthandlung, Mergentheim 1839–1841 (second edition by Verlag Herbig).

Other writings in German translation (selection)

  • Protest letter against Pope Pauli V Interdict and Censorship. o. O. 1607.
  • Forty contemplations of the bitter suffering and death of Jesus Christ. Augsburg 1607.

literature

Istoria del Concilio Tridentino , 1935

Footnotes

  1. ↑ José Aparecido Gomes Moreira: Pablo Sarpi, "El servita", ¿Hereje o santo? In: Óscar Elizalde Prada u. a. (Ed.): Iglesia que camina con Espíritu y desde los pobres. Montevideo 2017, p. 503.
  2. ↑ Paul F. Grendler: The University of Mantua, the Gonzaga and the Jesuits, 1584-1630. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2009, ISBN 978-0-8018-9171-7 , p. 27.
  3. ↑ a b José Aparecido Gomes Moreira: Pablo Sarpi, "El servita", ¿Hereje o santo? In: Óscar Elizalde Prada u. a. (Ed.): Iglesia que camina con Espíritu y desde los pobres. Montevideo 2017, p. 505.
  4. ↑ Francesco Griselini : Memories of the famous Fra Paolo Sarpi, former Servite in Venice, or strange anecdotes about the life and writings of this famous man. Bartholomaei, Ulm 1761, p. 19.
  5. ^ David Wootton: Sarpi, Paolo (1552-1623). In: Theological Real Encyclopedia. Vol. 30, p. 46.
  6. ↑ José Aparecido Gomes Moreira: Pablo Sarpi, "El servita", ¿Hereje o santo? In: Óscar Elizalde Prada u. a. (Ed.): Iglesia que camina con Espíritu y desde los pobres. Montevideo 2017, p. 506.
  7. ↑ José Aparecido Gomes Moreira: Pablo Sarpi, "El servita", ¿Hereje o santo? In: Óscar Elizalde Prada u. a. (Ed.): Iglesia que camina con Espíritu y desde los pobres. Montevideo 2017, p. 508.
  8. ^ Ivone Cacciavillani: Paolo Sarpi. La Guerra delle Scritture del 1606 e la nascita della nuova Europe. Corbo e Fiore Ditori, Venice 2005.
  9. ↑ José Aparecido Gomes Moreira: Pablo Sarpi, "El servita", ¿Hereje o santo? In: Óscar Elizalde Prada u. a. (Ed.): Iglesia que camina con Espíritu y desde los pobres. Montevideo 2017, p. 509.
  10. ^ David Wootton: Sarpi, Paolo (1552-1623). In: Theological Real Encyclopedia . Vol. 30, p. 47.
  11. ^ Alexander Robertson: Fra Paolo Sarpi. The Greatest of the Venetians. Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., London 1893, pp. 114-117.
  12. ↑ José Aparecido Gomes Moreira: Pablo Sarpi, "El servita", ¿Hereje o santo? In: Óscar Elizalde Prada u. a. (Ed.): Iglesia que camina con Espíritu y desde los pobres. Montevideo 2017, p. 510.
  13. ↑ John W. O'Malley: Trent. What happened at the council. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 2013, ISBN 978-0-674-06697-7 , p. 10.
  14. ↑ José Aparecido Gomes Moreira: Pablo Sarpi, "El servita", ¿Hereje o santo? In: Óscar Elizalde Prada u. a. (Ed.): Iglesia que camina con Espíritu y desde los pobres. Montevideo 2017, p. 511.
  15. ↑ José Aparecido Gomes Moreira: Pablo Sarpi, "El servita", ¿Hereje o santo? In: Óscar Elizalde Prada u. a. (Ed.): Iglesia que camina con Espíritu y desde los pobres. Montevideo 2017, p. 502.
  16. ↑ Merritt Y. Hughes (Ed.): John Milton. Complete poems and major prose. The Odyssey Press, New York 1957, p. 723.
  17. ^ Andreea Badea: Interpretation sovereignty over Trento? Sforza Pallavicino versus Sarpi and the Roman Administration of Remembrance in the 17th Century. In: Peter Walter, Günther Wassilowsky (ed.): The Council of Trient and the Catholic denominational culture (1563-2013). Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2016, pp. 83–106, here p. 88.
  18. ^ Gabriel Rein: Paolo Sarpi and the Protestants. A contribution to the history of the Reformation movement in Venice in the early 17th century. Lilius & Hertzberg, Helsingfors 1904, p. 157.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Sarpi, Paolo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian religious and historian
DATE OF BIRTH August 14, 1552
PLACE OF BIRTH Venice
DATE OF DEATH January 15, 1623
Place of death Venice