Jacob Paix

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Jacob Paix
(IACOBVS PAIX AVGVSTANVS)
at the age of 33

Jacob Paix , (* 1556 in Augsburg ; † approx. 1623 (?) Probably in Hilpoltstein ) was a German organist, organ builder, conductor, composer and editor. He became known as a collector of his own and especially foreign music.

Life path

Collegium musicum
at Paixen's place of work,
the illustrious grammar school , 1590

Jacob Paix was born in Augsburg in 1556 , where his father was employed as an organist in St. Anna. The son received his musical training from his father.

In 1576, young married, Jacob Paix was appointed organist in the parish church in Lauingen an der Donau . Here he developed a rich activity as a composer and editor, especially in collaboration with the Palatine printer Leonhard Reinmichel. Paixen's relationships with Caspar Sturm, the builder of the Ulm Cathedral organ, show, along with other sources, that Paix also worked as an organ builder from Lauingen. Here he came into contact with the Palatine grammar school illustrious . This emerges from a petition dated August 6, 1600 to Prince August, the son of Count Palatine Philipp Ludwig : "[I] ch my wicked bey d Schuln alhie also do [...]". At the same time there is evidence of a free table for Jacob Paix at the grammar school illustrious . It is a mistake to say that Paix, as a succentor (subcantor), received the third teaching position at the Palatine high school illustrious . The possible source for this relates to Paixen's son, Jacob Paix the Younger (1578–1634). He was the oldest of ten children whom the Paix couple had baptized in Lauingen. Several times Paix was forced to ask the council of Lauingen and Count Palatine August zu Neuburg for money and natural produce for himself and his large family, "[T] he otherwise this winter, with the low salary and the very heavy cost, I will die of hunger got to [...]".

In 1601 he got a better paid job as a Protestant court organist in Neuburg an der Donau , the residence of the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg . Here he was also responsible for figural music , headed the Palatine instrumental band and also performed chancellery services.

Count Palatine Wolfgang Wilhelm converted to the Catholic faith in 1613 for political reasons. On this and on a lost source from 1623, Alfred Einstein based his opinion on Italian musicians at the court of the Wittelsbachers in Neuburg (1907/1908), Paix, who was steadfastly attached to Lutheranism and probably no longer musically the now Italian musical taste of the dukes had to leave Neuburg. He had looked for a Protestant area, probably ended up in Hilpoltstein and died there in 1623 .
This city only had to become Catholic again in the course of the Counter Reformation from 1627 . The Palatine sideline residing in Hilpoltstein remained Protestant even after 1627 - with it the servants, to whom Jacob Paix possibly belonged. Jacob Paix himself is not attested for Hilpoltstein. His son Johann Christoph Paix (1603–1645), on the other hand, joined the Hilpoltstein Count Palatine Johann Friedrich as Secretarius on June 1, 1631, after Jacob Paixen's presumed death . His activities in Hilpoltstein cannot be used as indirect evidence of Jacob Paixen's stay in Hilpoltstein.

The latest research could neither confirm nor falsify Paixen's stay and death in Hilpoltstein. The latest source from 1617 does not even reveal whether Jacob Paix was still alive after 1616.

Significance in music history

Jacob Paix (1556–1623?) (Ed.)
Ein gůter newer Teu.Tantz
Tablature 1583 (1st page) Listen
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Jacob Paix is ​​less important as a composer than as a collector of mostly foreign pieces of music from the 15th and 16th centuries, which he published mainly in two tablature books:

  • A Schön Nvtz- vnnd Gebreüchlich organ tablature book. In it some of the famous composers, best motets, with 12.6.7.6.5. and 4th parts read out / the same set on all the festa of the whole jars / and for the chorus. Last but not least, all sorts of the most beautiful songs / Pass è mezzo vnd Ta Allentz / All colored with great diligence. Zů trewem dienst the lovers of this art corrected and approved in truck. By Jacobo Paix Augustano, who was organist at Laugingen at the time. [...] Printed by Leonhart Reinmichel / Fürst: Pfaltz: Buchtrůcker zů Laugingen [...] M. D. XXCIII. Lauingen 1583.
  • THESAVRVS MOTETARVM. Newerleßner two and twenty marvelous moths / Right piece of art: that of all the most famous composers / in the order they lived one after the other: and each moth set to its certain Modo . Carried together with great diligence and effort / and brought into this broken tablature / By IACOBO PAIX AVGVSTANO, ORGANICO LAVINGANO. / Printed in Strasbourg near Bern = hard Jobin. / Anno M.D. LXXXIX. Strasbourg 1589.

This shows that Paix was a late but important colourist and a knowledgeable collector. With his arrangements he provided music lovers and church organists with a cross-section of contemporary and historical instrumental and vocal music dating back up to 100 years - from popular dances to strictly polyphonic movements - for domestic music-making on keyboard instruments and for liturgical and liturgical music Free play on the church organ available. In his tablatures Paix used the pure alphabet of the "new German organ tablature". Although this had been in use for a long time, it was not until the middle of the 16th century that it was able to prevail over the “old German organ tablature” with letters and the upper part of the menstrual voice on staves.

Some of the dances intavolated by Paix were transcribed from the second half of the 19th century and included several times in anthologies. Johannes Brahms dealt critically with the tablatures.

Paixen's vocal works based on Jean Mouton and Thomas Crécquillon were referred to by Paix as Missa ad imitationem mottetae and Parodia Mottetae , respectively. Parodia and imitatio have the same meaning. Parodia appeared here for the first time in the title of a musical work. Starting with Paix, August Wilhelm Ambros created the term parody mass .

Works

Vocal music

  • Missa. Ad Imitationem Mottetae in illo tempore. Ioan. Moutonis, Quatuor Vocum . 1584
  • Parodia mottetae Domine da nobis auxilium, Thomae Crequilonis, senis vocibus, ad dorium. 1587
  • Parts of Selectae, artificiosae et elegantes fugae [...] partim Compositae à IACOBO PAIX . 1587
  • Zway Newe Teutsche Liedlen with four voices. no year

Instrumental music

  • 6 own works in: A Schön Nvtz- und Gebreüchlich OrgelTabulaturbuch , Lauingen 1583
  • 1 own work (organ tablature of a motet) in Thesaurus motetarum [...] brought into this tablature by Jacobo Paix , Strbg. 1589

Editions

  • A Schön Nvtz- und Gebreüchlich Organ Tabular Book , Lauingen 1583
  • Selectae, artificiosae et elegantes fugae [...] partim Compositae à IACOBO PAIX , 1587
  • Missa helveta , 1587 or 1590, lost
  • Liber fugarum , 1588, lost
  • Thesaurus motetarum [...] brought into this tablature by Jacobo Paix , Strbg. 1589

Fonts

  • Kurtzer report out of God's word and confirmed church histories of music . 1589
  • A Christian chant . 1593, missing

literature

  • Franz Körndle:  Paix, Jakob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 7 ( digitized version ).
  • Hans Michael Schletterer:  Paix, Jakob . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 71-73.
  • Manfred Schuler: The organ tablature book by J. Paix. Diss., Freiburg i. Br. 1958
  • Sherry Rudolph Seckler: The Jakob Paix Tablature of 1583: A Discussion, Translation and Transcription of Its Contents. Ph.D. Performance, University of Iowa
  • Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. (1556-after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder. Schrobenhausen 2006
  • Michel Zywietz: Jakob Paix. In: MGG, Person Teil Bd. 12, Kassel - Stuttgart 2004

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 24 ff.
  2. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 37 ff u. P. 115 ff.
  3. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 111 u. 196 f.
  4. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 20 f.
  5. ↑ Michel Zywietz: Jakob Paix , in MGG, personal part, vol. 12, Kassel - Stuttgart 2004, col. 1580 
  6. ↑ a b Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 23.
  7. ↑ PfarrA Lauingen, baptismal register vol. 1 and 2.
  8. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 44 ff.
  9. ^ Alfred Einstein: Italian musicians at the court of the Wittelsbachers in Neuburg 1614-1716. In: Collected volumes of IMG, 9th year (1907/1908), pp. 336–424.
  10. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 214ff.
  11. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 51 ff.
  12. ↑ Michel Zywietz: Jakob Paix . In: MGG , Person Teil Vol. 12, Kassel - Stuttgart 2004, Sp. 1581 f.
  13. ^ Digitized version of the Bavarian State Library .
  14. ^ Digitized version of the Bavarian State Library .
  15. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 76.
  16. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, p. 2 ff.
  17. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz (Ed.): Jacob Paix d. Ä. : (1556 - after 1616); Organist - composer - organ builder , Schrobenhausen 2006, plate 4.
  18. ↑ Michel Zywietz: Jakob Paix . In: MGG, Person Teil Vol. 12, Kassel - Stuttgart 2004, Sp. 1582.
personal data
SURNAME Paix, Jacob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German organist, organ builder, conductor, composer and publisher
DATE OF BIRTH 1556
PLACE OF BIRTH augsburg
DATE OF DEATH 1623
Place of death Hilpoltstein