Psalm 24

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Psalm 24 read in Hebrew (Ogg Vorbis audio file, length: 1 min 33 s, 42 kbps)

The 24th Psalm (= Psalm 23 after the counting of the Septuagint and Vulgate ) is a psalm from the biblical book of Psalms . It is assigned to David and its content is shaped by the theology of the Jerusalem Temple .

structure

The psalm is usually divided into three parts:

  1. Verses 1–2 EU : Short hymn with confession to YHWH as king of the whole earth (ליהוה - "YHWH belongs" the world)
  2. Verses 3–6 EU : “Torah liturgy”: Chanting between lay people and priests at the entrance of the temple
    1. Verse 3: Lay People: Who Can Enter the Temple?
    2. Verse 4: Priest: lists necessary qualities
    3. Verse 5f .: Priest: promise of YHWH for the entering laity
  3. Verses 7-10 EU : Liturgy (antiphonal). YHWH himself wants to enter the temple.

This division is also underlined by the poetic structure: Verses 1–2 are characterized by a meter of double threes. Verses 3–6 have an irregular meter and verses 7–10 again have a meter of three with a closing rhythm of 3–2–2 in verse 10.

Since the three parts appear to be relatively independent, it is sometimes assumed that they have been editorially combined into one unit. In particular, the caesura between verses 6 and 7 has led some commentators to recognize two originally independent psalms in 1–6 and 7–10.

Dating

At least verses 7-10 of the psalm are dated to the time of the Israelites , if not to the earliest phase ( King Solomon ). Erich Zenger assumes that the present composition was not made until the time of exile, i.e. in the 6th century. v. BC originated.

The heading in verse 1 "לדוד מזמור" ("from / for David, a song") assigns the psalm to King David. However, this does not mean that David was actually its author. Rather, this attribution is a statement about the significance of the Psalm for the people of Israel and its anchoring in the Davidic kingship.

The heading "τῆς μιᾶς σαββάτων" ("of the first Sabbath" = "the first day of the week") added in the Septuagint refers to a later use of the Psalm in Jewish worship. It was also adhered to in rabbinical tradition, which indicates its permanent place in the cultural liturgy.

reception

The psalm serves - especially with verses 7-10 - in the wording of the Luther Bible Machet die Tore weit as the textual basis for a series of Advent vocal works, such as a spiritual concert by Samuel Scheidt , choral movements by Andreas Hammerschmidt , Sebastian Knüpfer , Jakob Heinrich Lützel , and Albert Becker , Cantatas by Johann Schelle , Christian Ludwig Boxberg , Georg Philipp Telemann and Christoph Graupner , motets by Samuel Rühling (also attributed to Heinrich Schütz ) and Gottfried August Homilius as well as an Advent song by Kurt Rommel and a canon by Maria Monninger.

Georg Friedrich Handel used the same text in his oratorio Messiah in the choir “Lift up your heads” (No. 30).

The psalm also forms the basis for the German Advent song Power up the door, the gate makes wide . The song interprets the entry of YHWH into his temple as the coming of Jesus Christ into the world.

Due to the many well-known settings by Hammerschmidt, Telemann etc. Machet die Tore is also widely used as the title of several Advent music albums.

literature

Web links

Commons : Psalm 24  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ So already Hermann Gunkel: The Psalms. P. 101ff.
  2. ↑ a b Hans-Joachim Kraus: Psalms. 1st volume Psalms 1-59. P. 342.
  3. ↑ Erich Zenger: Psalms. Interpretations. 3. I seek your face. P. 93.
  4. ^ Hans-Joachim Kraus: Psalms. 1st volume Psalms 1-59. P. 344.
  5. ↑ Erich Zenger: Psalms. Interpretations. 3. I seek your face. P. 94.
  6. ^ Johann Maier: Studies on the Jewish Bible and its history. P. 375.
  7. ↑ Samuel Scheidt: Make the gates wide. Sacred concert from "Liebliche Krafft-Blümlein" , Carus-Verlag
  8. ↑ Make the gates wide (Hammerschmidt, Andreas) : Notes and audio files in the International Music Score Library Project
  9. ↑ Make the gates wide (Knüpfer, Sebastian) : Sheet music and audio files in the International Music Score Library Project
  10. ↑ Make the gates wide (Lützel, Jakob Heinrich) : Notes and audio files in the International Music Score Library Project
  11. ↑ Albert Becker: Make the gates wide, for chorus & ensemble , classicalarchives.com
  12. ^ Johann Schelle: Make the gates wide, cantata for chorus & orchestra , classicalarchives.com
  13. ^ Christian Ludwig Boxberg: Make the gates wide. Cantata , Carus-Verlag
  14. ^ Georg Philipp Telemann: Make the gates wide. Cantata for the 1st Advent. TVWV 1: 1074 , Carus-Verlag
  15. ↑ Make the gates wide, GWV 1101/27 (Graupner, Christoph) : Notes and audio files in the International Music Score Library Project
  16. ^ Heinrich Schütz, Samuel Rüling: Make the gates wide , stretta-music.com
  17. ↑ Gottfried August Homilius: Make the gates wide. HoWV V.25 , Carus-Verlag
  18. ↑ Kurt Rommel, Martin Schmeisser: We are told about Jesus Christ. Christophorus, Freiburg i. Br. 1972, ISBN 3-7806-0182-6 .
  19. ↑ Patrick Dehm (ed.): Be a blessing. Young praise to God. Dehm-Verlag, Limburg and Lahn-Verlag, Kevelaer 2011, ISBN 978-3-9812050-5-3 , p. 495.