Psalm 151

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The "surplus" Psalm 151 in the translation by Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg (print version 1827)

Psalm 151 is the modern name for a short psalm found in most of the manuscripts of the Greek translation of the Old Testament , the Septuagint , but not in the Masoretic text of the Tanakh . A Hebrew version of the Psalms is large Psalms scroll from Qumran included.

structure

Today's Psalm 151 is based on two originally independent compositions, as the manuscript from Qumran shows: Psalm 151A (corresponds to verses 1-5 of the Septuagint version) tells of the anointing of the youngest son of Jesse as prince of his people. Psalm 151B (corresponds to verses 6-7) tells of David's first heroic deed, the fight against the giant Goliath. This second psalm is only preserved in the Qumran version in extremely fragmentary form.

Genre and content

The title of the psalm in the Septuagint is: “ This psalm is ascribed to David and is out of number. When he slew Goliath in single fight “and indicates that he is superfluous and, unlike the other psalms of the Bible, was not assigned a number; the term “Psalm 151” has only become common in modern times. Most biblical scholars see the preface as an addition added by the Septuagint translators .

The title of the psalm suggests that it was written by King David after his victory against the giant Goliath. The text is characterized by frequent parallelism . In the first person, David is described as the youngest of his brothers, but who was chosen by God to be King. Then it is described how David kills the Philistine Goliath with his own sword .

Translation of the text received in 11Q5

Psalm 151 A

This psalm is found in 11Q5, column 28, lines 3–12.

“(3) Hallelujah, from David, son of Isaiah.
I was little among my brothers, / the youngest of my father's sons
, and he made me (4) shepherd of his flock / and ruler over his goats.
My hands formed a pipe, / my fingers a harp.
(5) And so I glorified יהוה, / I said to my soul:
'Neither the mountains testify (6) him / nor the hills proclaim him.'
The trees raised my words / and the flock my deeds!
(7) For who can proclaim and who can proclaim / who tells the deeds of the Lord of all?
God saw everything, / (8) heard and received everything.
He sent his prophet to anoint me / Samuel, (9) to exalt me.
However, my brothers went to meet him: / they were pretty figure, wondrous appearance,
tall in stature / (10) their hair was so beautiful -
but יהוה God did not choose them. / He sent and took me, (11) from behind the herd.
And he anointed me with the holy oil. / He made me a prince for his people
and as ruler over the children (12) of his covenant. "

Psalm 151 B

In 11Q5, column 28 of this psalm, line 13 only contains the beginning. The brackets in the German translation indicate where reconstructed Hebrew text will be translated.

“(13) First powerful deed (Dav) ids / after the prophet of God had anointed him.
At that time I saw a Philistine, / mocking, from the L (ager of the Philistines ...) "

reception

The Eastern Orthodox Churches have always regarded “Psalm 151” as part of the biblical book of psalms, while in the tradition of the Western Church and accordingly by the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches as well as in Judaism, it is not recognized as part of the canon and as apocryphal is seen. However, the psalm can be found as an appendix in some Catholic and ecumenical Bibles , e.g. B. in the Bible translation by Johann Martin Augustin Scholz or in the English New Revised Standard Version .

literature

  • William H. Brownlee: The 11Q Counterpart to Psalm 151: 1-5. In: Revue de Qumran , 1963, pp. 379-387.
  • Avi Hurvitz: The Language and Date of Psalm 151 from Qumrân. In: Eretz Israel VIII. Jerusalem 1967, pp. 82–87 (Hebrew).
  • Rudolph Meyer: The Septuagint version of Psalm 151: 1-5 as the result of a dogmatic correction. In: Fritz Mass (Ed.): The far and near word. Festschrift for Leonhard Rost dedicated to the completion of his 70th year of life on November 30, 1966 (= supplements to the journal for Old Testament science . Volume 105). Berlin 1967, pp. 164-172.
  • James A. Sanders: Ps 151 in 11Q Pss. In: Journal for Old Testament Science , 1963, pp. 73–86.
  • Patrick W. Skehan: The Apocryphal Psalm 151. In: Catholic Biblical Quarterly , 1963, pp. 407-409.
  • Adam S. van der Woude: The five Syrian psalms (including Psalm 151). In: Jewish writings from the Hellenistic-Roman period. IV Poetic Writings. Gütersloh 1974/1977/1983, pp. 29-47.

See also

Web links

Commons : Psalm 151  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ JASanders, The Psalms Scroll from Cave Qumrân 11 ( DJD IV), Oxford 1965, 54-60, Plate XVII. Photography: B-285206 .
  2. ↑ Publication: JASanders, The Psalms Scroll from Qumrân Cave 11 ( DJD IV), Oxford 1965, 60–64, Plate XVII. Photography: B-285206