Andreas Hammerschmidt

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Andreas Hammerschmidt, 1646

Andreas Hammerschmidt , also Hammerschmied or Hammerschmiedt (* between May and October 1611 in Brüx , Bohemia ; † 29 October July / 8 November  1675 greg. In Zittau ), was a Lutheran German composer and organist .

Life

Andreas Hammerschmidt's father Hans was a saddler and came from Carthauser near Zwickau. Nothing is known about his birth mother, but the father married his second wife Dorothea in 1614. Probably between March and August 1626 the family from Brüx fled to the Lutheran Electorate of Saxony . The reason was the Counter-Reformation violently pursued by the Habsburg sovereign in Bohemia . In Freiberg , the father obtained citizenship in 1629.

From whom Andreas Hammerschmidt received his musical training is unknown. Balthasar Springer (1608–1654 cathedral organist in Freiberg), Christoph Demantius (cathedral cantor in Freiberg), Christoph Schreiber († 1634, organist of the St. Petri church in Freiberg) or Stephan Otto (cantor in Schandau ) are suspected .

From 1633 to 1634 Hammerschmidt held his first position as organist at Weesenstein Castle with Count Rudolf von Bünau (1603–1634). In July he succeeded Christoph Schreiber as organist of the St. Petri Church in Freiberg and thus prevailed against the Döbelner organist M. Dehn. Hammerschmidt gained citizenship in Freiberg in 1637 as an organist. In the same year he married Ursula Teufel, daughter of a Prague businessman. She bore him six children, of whom only three daughters survived.

After Schreiber's death in 1639, Hammerschmidt was again his successor at St. Johannis in Zittau , where he settled for the rest of his life. In the rich city at the time, the mayors, the high school teacher and cantor Simon Crusius (1607–1678), the rector of the Johanneum Christian Keimann (1607–1662) and the town piper Florian Ritter were his colleagues. Setting of Keimann's songs to music and contributions to his school books and games as well as annual publications of his own compositions with forewords by Heinrich Schütz and Johann Rist helped Hammerschmidt to gain respect and prosperity. The song “Rejoice, you Christians all” (EG 34), by Keimann in the setting by Hammerschmidt, is still included in the Protestant hymn book and appeared for the first time in 1648 in the fourth part of Hammerschmidt's musical devotions as an eight-part movement. In 1757 the great fire in Zittau destroyed a large part of the sources about Hammerschmidt.

Little is known about his contacts and travels. He visited Schütz in Dresden and heard his works as well as the Italian musicians. Trips to Görlitz are evidenced by some dedications ( Motettae to the Görlitzer Collegium Musicum as well as the secular odes I and II and the Dialogi to music lovers there ). A composition for the inauguration of the St. Elisabeth Church proves his contacts to Wroclaw .

The quick-tempered character of the organist and composer is illustrated by a few anecdotes about disputes with Johann Rosenmüller in Leipzig and the Zittau wine teller Chr. Mauer. Hammerschmidt also acted as village and forest administrator in Waltersdorf ; he gained the privilege of being the only one in Zittau to give piano lessons and was an above-average wealthy musician. He could buy or have several houses built.

His elaborate tomb in the Zittau Kreuzkirchhof is no longer preserved today. On the lost tombstone was written:

It is true that the noble swan Thon is silent here,
But it sounds beautiful in front of God's throne.
Mors mea Vita mea est.
The noble swan's thon has now stopped here,
Because He increases the angelic choir before God's throne.
Andreas Hammerschmidt Musicus Celeberrimus vixit Annos 64.
In officio 41. Denatus Ao: 1675 d. Oct. 29
The German honor, fame and ornament,
Amphion rests and sleeps here.
Oh! Orpheus is no longer heard
Zittau earlier honored.

He can be classified in the group of Evangelical Lutheran church composers such as Heinrich Schütz and Johann Sebastian Bach . Due to the circumstances that the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648) brought with it, his first known composition was a prayer of thanks for the victory of the Saxons, “Grant us peace”. Numerous editions prove that his first composition “First Diligence ...” was also very popular.

Memorial stone in Zittau

His compositional work includes songs , cantatas , motets , instrumental and vocal compositions. The melody of his compositions is generally considered to be catchy and easy to grasp and in 1706 Heinrich Fuhrmann disparagingly referred to it as “Hammerschmiedischer Fuß” in his “Musical Funnel”. However, since Hammerschmidt's work has not yet been fully explored, it cannot be criticized for superficiality or a lack of interpretative depth. Johann Beer defended Hammerschmidt resolutely in 1719: "Because when it comes to the glory of God [...] he did more than a thousand operists".

The 400th birthday of Andreas Hammerschmidt was the occasion for the Central German Baroque Music Association in Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia to organize the Central German Baroque Music Days 2011 in Zittau. In 2011, the Hammerschmidt Memorial Stone Initiative erected a stele in Zittau with the original epitaph as a memorial.

The 15-volume complete edition of Andreas Hammerschmidt's works has been published by Kamprad since 2015 under the direction of Michael Heinemann .

Works (selection)

Title copper for Hammerschmidt's Missae with a portrait of the composer
  • First diligence of all kinds of new Paduans, Galliards, ballets, macharades, Franco arias, Courents, etc. Sarabanden, 5 pieces on violas, basso continuo . 1636 (2nd edition 1639, 3rd edition 1648, 4th edition 1650; edited by Helmut Mönkemeyer, 1939)
  • Other parts of new Paduan etc. 5 and 3 pieces on violas, basso continuo, 1639 (2nd edition 1650, 3rd edition 1658)
  • Musical prayer , first part: Spiritual concerts , 1639
  • Musical devotions , second part: Spiritual Madrigals , 1641 (2nd edition 1650; 3rd edition 1659)
  • Musical devotions , Part Three: Spiritual Symphonies , 1642 ( online edition, approx. 85 MB ) 2nd edition 1652)
  • Weltl. Songs or love chants . I, 1642 (2nd edition 1651); II, 1643 (2nd edition 1650); III (Spiritual and secular odes and madrigals), 1649
  • Dialogues or conversations between God and of a believing soul . I, 1645 (4th edition 1669; edited by AW Schmidt, in: DTÖ VIII / 1, Vienna 1901); II (The Song of Solomon Salomonis in Opitz 'trans.), 1645 (2nd edition 1652; 3rd edition 1656; 4th edition 1658)
  • Musical prayer , fourth part: Spiritual motets and concerts , 1646 (2nd edition 1654; 3rd edition 1669)
  • Motettae unius et duarum vocum . 1649
  • Praise and Thank you song . Ps 84 (9st.), 1652
  • Musical devotions , fifth part: choral music in madrigal style , 1653 (31 motets), new edition Verlag C. Hofius, Ammerbuch 2020 ISMN 979-0-50248-156-8 (search the DNB portal)
  • Musical talks about the Evangelia . 1655 (30 sacred concerts), new edition Verlag C. Hofius, Ammerbuch 2019 ISMN 979-0-50248-151-3 (search in the DNB portal)
  • Other part of spiritual conversations about the Evangelia . 1656 (29 sacred concerts), new edition Verlag C. Hofius, Ammerbuch 2019 ISMN 979-0-50248-152-0 (search in the DNB portal)
  • New Musical Catechism Devotions. Lüneburg 1656 (38 sacred songs), new edition Verlag C. Hofius, Ammerbuch 2019 ISMN 979-0-50248-149-0 (search in the DNB portal)
  • Festival, penance and Danklieder (5 singing and 5 instrument voices with basso continuo. 1658/59, new edition by C. Hofius publisher, Ammerbuch 2019, vol. 1 (No. I-XVI) ISMN 979-0-50248-146-9 (search in DNB Portal) , Vol. 2 (No. XVII-XXXII) ISMN 979-0-50248-147-6 (search in the DNB Portal)
  • Church u. Tafelmusik (sacred concerts), Zittau 1662, new edition Verlag C. Hofius, Ammerbuch 2017, ISMN 979-0-50248-136-0 (search in DNB portal)
  • Missae (only Kyrie and Gloria, as Missae breves, 5-12st.), 1663, new edition Verlag C. Hofius, Ammerbuch 2018, vol. 1 (Missa IX) ISMN 979-0-50248-140-7 (search in DNB- Portal) , Vol. 2 (Missa XI-XVI) ISMN 979-0-50248-141-4 (search in the DNB portal)
  • Festival u. Zeit- Andachten (6st.), Dresden 1671, new edition Verlag C. Hofius, Ammerbuch 2016, ISMN 979-0-50248-133-9 (search in the DNB portal)

Newer editions

  • Selected works (sheet music), ed. v. Hugo Leichtentritt in the series Monuments of German Music (Volume I, 40), Leipzig 1910
  • First diligence. Instrumental works for 3 u. 5 St. ed. v. Helmut Mönkemeyer, = Das Erbe Dt. Musik 49, Dept. Chamber Music VII, Kassel 1957
  • Weltl. Odes or. Love songs (1642–49) . ed. v. Hans Joachim Moser, = Das Erbe Dt. Musik 43, Dept. and Solo Singing V, Mainz 1962
  • Selected Church music . ed. v. Diethard Hellmann, = Spirit. Choral Music IV, The Choral Work of Old Masters VI, Stuttgart 1964
  • further (single) ed. ed. v. dems. u. D. Hildebrandt, ibid. 1964 ff.

Discography

  • Ensemble Sagittarius, Maîtrise de Radio France, (Michel Laplénie): Andreas Hammerschmidt, Motets extraits of the musical devotions, the festival, penance and thanksgiving songs and the festival and time devotion . MPO assai, Radio France, 2000
  • Hesperion XX (Jordi Savall): Andreas Hammerschmidt, four suites from the “First Diligence” collection . Ars Musici, Freiburg 1986
  • Heavenly Cantorey . J. Rosenmüller Ensemble, Knabenchor Hannover ( Jörg Breiding ): VERLEIH UNS FRIEDEN, sacred vocal music by Andreas Hammerschmidt, NDR / Rondeau Production , Windsbach 2005
  • Weser-Renaissance Bremen (Manfred Cordes): Andreas Hammerschmidt, Sacred Works. Church and table music (1662). Motettae unius et duarum vocum (1649) . Classic production osnabrück , Georgsmarienhütte, 2003

literature

chronologically

  • Carl von Winterfeld : Protestant church singing and its relationship to the art of composition. Part 2: Evangelical church chant in the seventeenth century. Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1845, p. 249 ff. ( Digitized in the Google book search).
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Hammerschmiedt, Andreas . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 7th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1861, p. 291 ( digitized version ).
  • A. Tobias: Andreas Hammerschmidt . In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia . Volume 9, Prague 1870, issue 7/8.
  • Robert Eitner:  Hammerschmidt, Andreas . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 488 f.
  • Salomon Kümmerle: Encyclopedia of Protestant Church Music. Volume 1. Gütersloh 1888, p. 529 ff.
  • Reinhard Vollhardt: History of the Cantors and Organists from the cities in the Kingdom of Saxony . 1899.
  • O. Friedrich: Gymn. (Johanneum) zu Zittau . In: Publications on the history of the learned school system in Albertine Saxony . Volume I, 1900, pp. 209 ff.
  • A. Tobias, P. Stobe: Andreas Hammerschmidt . In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia . Volume 39, 1900, issue 1.
  • Robert Eitner: Biographical-bibliographical source lexicon of musicians and music scholars of the Christian era up to the middle of the 19th century. 5th volume. Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1901, p. 7 ff. ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • Theodor Gärtner: Source book on the history of the high school in Zittau. Volume I: Until the death of Rector Christian Weise (1708) . 1905.
  • Hugo Leichtentritt : History of the Motet . 1908 (Reprint Hildesheim 1967), p. 350 ff.
  • Wilhelm Krabbe: Johann Rist and the German song. A contribution to the history of vocal music in the 17th century . Diss. Berlin, 1910.
  • Stefan Temesvári: Hammerschmidts "Dialogi". A contribution to the history of the form of dialogue in Germany . Diss. Vienna, 1911.
  • Arnold Schering: History of the oratorio . 1911.
  • Hermann Kretzschmar: History of the more recent German song Volume I, 1911, p. 81 ff.
  • Erich Steinhard : For the 300th birthday of the German-Bohemian musician Andreas Hammerschmidt . Prague 1914.
  • E. Richter: The dialogues of Andreas Hammerschmidts . In: The Singgemeinde . Volume 1, 1924/25
  • Friedrich Blume: The monodic principle in Protestant church music . 1925.
  • Robert Queißer: The disappeared poet's grave - in memory of the death of the church composer and poet Andreas Hammerschmidt . In: Oberlausitzer Heimatzeitung . No. 25 (8th year), Zittau 1927.
  • Theodor Veidl: Andreas Hammerschmidt . In: Erich Gierach (Ed.): Sudetendeutsches Liederbuch . Volume I, Reichenberg 1926, p. 181 ff.
  • Hans Joachim Moser: The polyphonic setting of the gospel . Volume I, 1931, p. 64 ff.
  • Hans Joachim Moser: Protestant church music in Germany . 1954.
  • Martin Lange: The beginnings of the cantata . Diss. Leipzig, Dresden 1938.
  • Hans-Olaf Hudemann: The Protestant dialogue composition in the 17th century . Diss. Kiel, 1942, Freiburg / Breisgau 1941.
  • Christhard Mahrenholz, Oscar Söhngen a. a. (Ed.): Handbook for the Protestant church hymn book. Vol. 2, part 1: Life pictures of song poets and melodists. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1957, p. 160 f.
  • Adam Adrio:  Hammerschmidt, Andreas. In: Friedrich Blume (Hrsg.): The music in past and present (MGG). First Edition, Volume 5 (Societies - Hayne). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 1956, DNB 550439609 , Sp. 1426–1435 (= Digital Library Volume 60, pp. 31589–31611)
  • Harold Mueller: The "Musical. Conversations about the Evangelia" by Andreas Hammerschmidt . Diss. Univ. of Rochester / New York, 2 volumes, 1956.
  • Hammerschmidt, Andreas . In: Wilibald Gurlitt (Ed.): Riemann Musiklexikon . 12th, completely revised edition. People part: A-K . Schott, Mainz 1959, p. 727-728 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ). ; Hammerschmidt, Andreas . In: Carl Dahlhaus (Ed.): Riemann Musiklexikon . 12th, completely revised edition. Personal section: A – K , supplementary volume. Schott, Mainz 1972, p. 487 .
  • Klaus Günzel: Andreas Hammerschmidt. For the 350th anniversary of his birthday . In: Musica . Volume 15, 1961, p. 617.
  • Harald Kümmerling: About some unknown part books of the “Paduanen, Galliards etc.” v. Andreas Hammerschmidt . In: The music research . 14, 1961, pp. 186 ff. ( JSTOR 41114415 ).
  • Friedrich Blume: History of Protestant Church Music . 2nd edition, 1965, p. 152 ff., P. 158 ff., P. 179 f.
  • Hans Joachim Moser : Music Lexicon. I, 475;
  • Grove IV, 35 f.
  • Honegger I, 465;
  • Goodman 188;
  • Gertraut Haberkamp:  Hammerschmidt, Andreas. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 594 ( digitized version ).
  • Hammerschmidt, Andreas: Catalog raisonné . In: Friedrich Blume (Ed.): Répertoire International des Sources Musicales . Kassel 1974.
  • Religion Past and Present . Volume III, p. 50.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz :  Hammerschmidt, Andreas. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 509-510.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Diana Rothaug:  Hammerschmidt, Andreas. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 8 (Gribenski - Hilverding). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2002, ISBN 3-7618-1118-7 , Sp. 486–494 ( online edition , subscription required for full access)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nicolas Detering: Andreas Hammerschmidts Weltliche Oden (1642) and their lyricist Ernst Christoph Homburg . In: Die Musikforschung Volume 66 (2013), pp. 327–338 ( JSTOR 24761690 ). Year of birth according to biographical information in the Protestant hymn book , edition Rhineland / Westphalia / Lippe: 1612
  2. ^ Georg Schünemann: Contributions to the biography of Hammerschmidts . In: Anthologies of the International Music Society . Volume 12, 1910/11, pp. 207 ff. ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  3. ↑ Hammerschmidt Memorial Stone Initiative ( Memento of the original from October 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zittau.de
  4. ^ Andreas Hammerschmidt: work edition , Verlagsgruppe Kamprad, accessed on August 18, 2017
  5. ^ Volume structure of the complete edition of the works of Andreas Hammerschmidt (PDF; 64 kB), as of January 2016, accessed on August 18, 2017
personal data
SURNAME Hammerschmidt, Andreas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hammerschmiedt, Andreas; Hammerschmied, Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian composer and organist
DATE OF BIRTH 1611 or 1612
PLACE OF BIRTH Brus
DATE OF DEATH November 8, 1675
Place of death Zittau