Johann Rist

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Johann Rist around 1651
Signature Johann Rist.jpg

Johann Rist (born March 8, 1607 in Ottensen (now part of Hamburg); † August 31, 1667 in Wedel (Holstein) ) was a German poet and Evangelical Lutheran preacher.

Live and act

Johann Rist monument in Wedel

Johann Rist was the eldest son of the Evangelical Lutheran pastor Caspar Rist (1581 - after Michaelis 1626) from Nördlingen and his wife Margarethe Ringemuth. Johann Rist's father was a pastor in Ottensen ( Holstein-Pinneberg , now part of Hamburg). After first lessons by his father and a private tutor, Rist attended the Johanneum in Hamburg from 1619 and the illustrious grammar school in Bremen from Easter 1626 .

In the autumn of 1626 Rist became the teacher of a young man in Hamburg. With him he traveled to Rostock and began studying theology at the university there . It could have been Chrysostomus Coler of the same age , whom Rist referred to as his Rostock “room, table and bed companion”. A matriculation of Rist (and Cöler) can not be proven in the Rostock matriculation portal .

In 1629 he moved together with Cöler to the University of Rinteln in Schaumburg , where he a. a. studied with Johannes Gisenius and Josua Stegmann . After completing his studies, Rist went to Hamburg to meet his fellow student in Rostock, Ernst Stapel . With this he wrote and published plays and also appeared as an actor himself.

In 1633 Rist became tutor to the land clerk Heinrich Sager in Heide . In the same year he got engaged to Elisabeth Stapel, the sister of his friend Ernst († 1635) and the Pinneberger bailiff Franz Stapel . With the help of the latter, he was appointed pastor in Wedel in the county of Holstein-Pinneberg near Hamburg in the spring of 1635 . Shortly after taking office, Rist married his fiancée. The marriage had five children, two of whom died early. His descendant was Johann Georg Rist .

1653 was Rist of Emperor Ferdinand III. as Comes Palatinus Caesareus ( Imperial Palatine Count) raised to the nobility and at the same time received the honorary title of Poeta laureatus . The coat of arms awarded to him shows a swan and a laurel wreath. His friend, Duke Christian von Mecklenburg , also awarded him the title of Council of Churches in the same year.

During the invasion of the Swedes under General Lennart Torstensson in the Torstensson War , Rist lost his valuable library through looting and in the Second Northern War in 1658 once again lost all his belongings. He also had to flee to Hamburg with his family. After his wife Elisabeth died in 1662, Rist married Anna Hagedorn, b. Badenhop, the widow of his friend Johann Philipp Hagedorn, who died in 1660 and who died in 1680.

From 1663 onwards, Rist published six monthly discussions, dialogues each on a specific topic: January - the ink; February - country life, March - the philosopher's stone, April - painting, May - reading and writing, June - contemplation of death. After Rist's death, the remaining six monthly meetings were supplemented by Erasmus Finx .

Johann Rist died on August 31, 1667 at the age of 60 in Wedel. The funeral sermon was given by the Kremper Pastor Johann Hudemann according to his wish about “God, be merciful to me sinner”.

meaning

Alongside Paul Gerhardt, Johann Rist is considered the most important Protestant religious poet of the 17th century. The following of his songs can be found in the Evangelical Hymnbook to this day: the Christmas carol Brich an, du Schöne Morgenlicht (EG 33, also in Johann Sebastian Bach's Christmas Oratorio ), the New Year 's song Help, Lord Jesus, let succeed (EG 61), stanzas to Friedrich Spees Passionslied O sadness, o heartache (EG 80), you are praised in silence (EG 323), the evening song Become lively, my mind (EG 475) and Up, up, you comrades in the empire (EG 536 - appendix for Lower Saxony, Rhineland -Westfalen and Württemberg). The song O Ewigkeit, du Donnerwort no longer contained in the Evangelical Hymnbook served J. S. Bach as the basis for his chorale cantata BWV 20 (1724) and the solo cantata BWV 60 (1723).

As the main representative of the north-west German early baroque , Rist stood up for ethical and moral ideals in numerous secular and spiritual poems. More than a hundred of these poems were set to music by his friend, the cantor Michael Jakobi . However, these songs were not intended for public worship services, but for domestic devotions, and the secular ones for theater performances. It has been proven that Rist never had one of his own songs sung in his church throughout his life. Nevertheless, he gained fame as a writer during his lifetime. Wolfgang Heinrich Adelungk reports in his "Kurtzen Historical Description" of the city of Hamburg: "This year on August 30th, the excellent poet Johannes Ristus Preacher zu Wedel, well known in all of Germany and highly popular for his heavenly and other witty songs, died on the Elbe . "

Other texts were set to music by Johann Schop , Andreas Hammerschmidt and Dietrich Buxtehude ( O Gottes Stadt, o güldnes Licht , BuxWV 87). 2013, the complete incidental music of was peace wisher Teutschlands of bell'ARTE Salzburg recorded and released as MP3 files by Irmgard Scheitler.

See also list of hymn poets

In another area, too, writings and correspondence testify to his political commitment. B. in contact with Gerhard Schepeler , the mayor of Osnabrück.

In addition, he deals with mathematics, botany, chemistry, medicine and music. Language and poetry societies adorned themselves with its membership. The Pegnese Flower Order has known him since 1645 under the name Daphnis from Cimbria and the Fruit- Bringing Society since 1647 under the name of the Rusty . In 1660 Rist founded the Elbe Swan Order and presided over it under the name of Palatine until his death . From the January conversation of 1663 about the ink (the very noble water of the whole world) comes the quote: “It remains […] forever true / that no greater earthly bliss is under the sun / than everything knows / so much regardless in this Mortality to know / or learn is possible for us poor Adam children ”.

Johannes Rist is recorded in the Köthen Society Book of the Fruit-Bringing Society under number 467. As an emblem of holy holtz the tree Guajacum is called, foreign Brazilian landscape, the same house and water darbey ( Guajacum officinale L. ) and his motto is what one needs to be . On the occasion of his admission to this society, Rist wrote the following rhyme law:

Is sprightly, helps, swiftly, that's
why they gave me the knights I took: It is my free courage
only
to teach them how to live a godly godly life , how to be
diligent on their own , and always resist evil.
That's it that one needs, if one
wants to be fruitful and go, whenever God calls, to a joyous life.

reception

The Wedel City Archives have an extensive collection on Johann Rist. In addition to copies of documents from other archives, there are originals and copies of numerous works. A reference library supplements the documents.

In 2015 the Johann-Rist-Gesellschaft was founded with headquarters in Wedel.

The Johann-Rist-Gymnasium in Wedel, the local basketball club SC Rist Wedel , the Riststraßen in Wedel and Hamburg-Winterhude and the Johann-Rist-Kehre in Quickborn-Heide were named after him.

Works (selection)

  • Poetischer Lust-Garte That is: All kinds of graceful poems also rich history from historians certified by old and newen . Hertel, Hamburg 1638. ( digitized version )
  • Philosophical Phoenix That is: Kurtze, but thorough and clear discoveries of the goods and actual material of the very noble philosopher's stone . Hertel, Hamburg 1638. ( digitized version )
  • Capitan spavento or Rodomondades Espagnoles That is: Spanish Auffschneidereyen, brought into German forgiveness from French . Gutwasser, Hamburg 1640. ( digitized version )
  • Heavenly songs. 6 vols., Lüneburg 1641–43
  • Des Daphnis from Cimbrien Galathee . Hamburg 1642. ( digitized version )
  • Johann Risten Poetic arena, where all kinds of goods, good and bad, small and large, joy and suffering can be found . Werner, Hamburg 1646. ( digitized version )

Poetic setting where all kinds of goods, good and bad, small and great, can be found joy and suffering

  • Holstein don't forget to eat! Hamburg 1648 ( digitized version ) (description of the natural disaster in Holstein )
  • The peace-wishing Germany presented and described publicly in a play . Hamburg, Waerner 1649. ( digitized version )
  • New Himlischer Lieder Sonderbahres book. Self-understanding I. Klaag and Buhss songs, II. Praise and thanks songs, III. Special stretcher songs, IV. Death and Judgment Songs, V. Hell and Him [m] els songs. Which melodies that are so well known and customary in our Evangelical Churches, Alß in wholly new, and by several noble and highly famous masters of the art of singing, can be sung and played . Stern, Lüneburg 1651. ( digitized version )
  • Sabbahtic lust for the soul. Stern, Lüneburg 1651. ( digitized version )
  • New musical festival devotions. Stern, Lüneburg 1655. ( digitized version )
  • New Musical Catechism Devotions. Lueneburg 1656
  • The spurned vanity And the required eternity . Stern, Lüneburg 1658. ( digitized version )
  • New Musical Kreutz, Consolation, Praise and Thanks School. Lueneburg 1659
  • Sabbahtic lust for the soul, that is: teaching, consolation, admonition and songs full of warnings about all the Sunday Gospels of the whole year . Stern, Lüneburg 1651. ( digitized version )
  • The very noblest life. 1663
  • The finest liquid in the whole world. Naumann, Hamburg 1663. ( digitized version )
  • The very noblest life of the whole world through a graceful and edifying conversation, which is this Ahrt the other, and meanwhile a Hornungs conversation . Naumann, Hamburg 1663. ( digitized version )
  • The noblest toherness of the whole world by means of a graceful and edifying conversation, which is this Ahrt, the third, and meanwhile a Märtzens talk . Naumann, Hamburg 1664. ( digitized version )
  • The noblest amusement for those who love art and virtue. Naumann, Hamburg 1666. ( digitized version )
  • The emperors of Juliani That is, a graceful Satyra or swear poems of the renegade Käiser Juliani, (...) translated from Greek into German and explained with useful comments by a lover of good science and languages . Naumann, Hamburg 1663. ( digitized version )
  • Florabella sung about the noble Dafnis from Cimbria . Hamburg 1666
  • The noblest amusement of art and virtue-loving minds by means of a graceful and edifying conversation which is this Ahrt, the fourth, and during an Aprilens conversation . Naumann, Hamburg 1666. ( digitized version )
  • The very noblest invention of the whole world by means of a graceful and edifying conversation, which is this kind, the fifth, namely a Mäyens conversation . Schiele, Frankfurt 1667. ( digitized version )
  • New German Parnassus on which there are honor and teaching, joke and glee, sorrow and joy talks . Haubold, Copenhagen 1668.
  • The noblest shortening of time in the whole world by means of a graceful and edifying conversation, which is the sixth of this kind, namely an idle month of conversations. Schiele, Frankfurt on Mayn 1668. ( digitized )

literature

  • Thomas Diecks:  Rist, Johann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 646 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Gerhard Dünnhaupt : Johann Rist . In: Personal bibliographies on Baroque prints . Volume 5: Praetorius - Spee . 2. Improved and significantly increased edition of the bibliographical handbook of baroque literature. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-7772-9133-1 , pp. 3374-3432 ( Hiersemanns bibliographical handbooks 9), (list of works and literature).
  • Hermann Amandus Fick: Johann Rist, the pastor of Wedel . Bookshop of the East German Youth Association, Berlin 1901.
  • Anna Marie Floerke : Johann Rist as a playwright . Winterberg, Rostock 1922 (Rostock, Univ., Diss., 1918).
  • Theodor Hansen : Johann Rist and his time . Illustrated from the sources. Bookshop of the orphanage, Halle 1872.
  • Otto Heins: Johann Rist as a playwright. A Contribution to the History of Popular Drama in the Seventeenth Century. Elwert, Marburg 1929.
  • Oskar Kern: Johann Rist as a secular poet . Elwert, Marburg 1919 ( Contributions to German Literature 15, ISSN  0174-8769 ), (At the same time: Marburg, Diss., 1908), (Reprint: Johnson, New York NY 1968).
  • Inge Mager : Johann Rist's “Heavenly Songs”. Your publication and templates. In Udo Sträter (ed.): Orthodoxy and poetry. 7th Wittenberg Symposium on Research into Lutheran Orthodoxy (December 8-10, 2000). Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-374-01997-8 ( Leucorea studies on the history of the Reformation and Lutheran Orthodoxy 3).
  • Eberhard Mannack: Opitz and his critical admirers . In: Thomas Borgstedt, Walter Schmitz (eds.): Martin Opitz (1597–1639). Imitation poetics and lifeworld . Niemeyer, Tübingen 2002, ISBN 3-484-36563-3 , pp. 272-279 ( Early Modern Age 63).
  • Eberhard Mannack: Johann Rist's "Perseus" and the drama of the baroque . In: Daphnis 1, 1972, ISSN  0300-693X , pp. 141-149.
  • Adolf Lumpe:  Rist, Johann. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 8, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-053-0 , Sp. 388-394.
  • Johann Anselm Steiger (Ed.): "Eternity, time without time" . Commemorative publication for the 400th birthday of the poet and theologian Johann Rist. Freimund Verlag, Neuendettelsau 2007, ISBN 978-3-86540-028-4 ( Testes et testimonia veritatis 4).
  • Stefanie Stockhorst : Poetry program between rhetorical convention and autobiographical anecdote. The functional diversity of baroque paratexts under the sign of reform poetics using the example of Johann Rist . In: Frieder von Ammon, Herfried Vögel (Hrsg.): The pluralization of the paratext in the early modern times. Theory, forms, functions . Lit-Verlag, Berlin et al. 2008, ISBN 978-3-8258-1605-6 , pp. 353-374 ( pluralization & authority 15).
  • Max von WaldbergRist, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 79-85.

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Rist  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Johann Rist  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. His mother married the organ builder Gottfried Fritzsche in 1629 after his father's death .
  2. Johann Rist: The very noble time shortening. Frankfurt / Main 1668, in: Eberhard Mannack, Johann Rist: all works 6, Berlin 1976, p. 387
  3. Wolfgang Heinrich Adelungk: Kurtze historical description of the clock-old Kaeyserlichen and the salvation. Roman Empire Freyen-An-See-Kauff-und Handelsstadt Hamburg , Hamburg 1696, p. 145. Facsimile edition with commentary volume Paul Kieser GmbH 1989, ISBN 3-8242-9962-3 .
  4. See your list of publications ( Memento of the original dated October 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ndl2.germanistik.uni-wuerzburg.de
  5. Das AllerEdelste Nass der Gantzen Welt , Hamburg 1663, preliminary report to the reader ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A10576817_00031~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D )
  6. ^ City of Wedel, Culture & Education, Artists and Art Sponsors, Johann Rist
  7. ^ Johann-Rist-Gesellschaft eV Retrieved on February 15, 2017 .