Johanniskirche (Zittau)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. John's Church Zittau
View through the nave to the altar

The St. Johannis Church (or St. Johannis for short or colloquially Johanniskirche ) is a church building in Zittau in the district of Görlitz in Saxony.

history

The existence of a Johanniskirche in Zittau is mentioned for the first time in 1291. It was a three-aisled hall church with a double tower front, which was temporarily the exile seat of the Prague cathedral chapter in the 15th century . In the years 1485 to 1531 the church was expanded into a four-nave hall church. During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) the church was completely destroyed on July 23, 1757. The large organ built by the organ builder Gottfried Silbermann , which had been erected in the church shortly before, was also destroyed.

From July 23, 1766, a new baroque building was erected on the foundations of the destroyed church, which was essentially completed in 1804. Due to serious static problems, especially in the roof construction and in the middle section of the western front as well as the stability of the south tower, the senior construction director Karl Friedrich Schinkel was called in , who initiated a complete renovation and commissioned his student Carl August Schramm (Zittau) with the construction management . The north tower was completed with a slender, octagonal point, the south tower remained unfinished for structural reasons. The nave was closed with a simple gable roof. The central part of the western front was completely redesigned. The church was completed and consecrated in 1837. The north tower already tilted during the construction period. Today it can be seen from the connection to the main house that the conclusion to the main house widened by 60 cm towards the top.

The 60-meter-high south tower has had a tower house since 1804 and can be climbed as a lookout tower via 266 steps .

Furnishing

Most of the furnishings in the Johanneskirche date back to the 19th century. The altar table in the semicircular apse was installed in 1834-1837. It is made of black artificial marble. The sandstone figure of the blessing Christ was made by the sculptor Franz Schwarz (Dresden) and is a copy of a figure of Christ by the artist Bertel Thorvaldsen in the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen . This was handed over and consecrated in 1888. The wooden pulpit with sound cover was designed by Jakob Ludwig Buschkiel (Greifswald) and Bernhard Wilhelm Rosendahl. It is decorated with biblical scenes and angels by means of grisaille painting. The hexagonal baptismal font in cast zinc in front of the altar steps was made according to a design by Schinkel.

The Großer Zittauer Lenten Cloth has also been part of the furnishings for around 200 years since 1472.

organ

West gallery with organ

The three-manual organ by Gottfried Silbermann from 1744 was destroyed in 1757 during the siege of Zittau in the Seven Years War .

The present organ was built between 1929 and 1930 by organ builder A. Schuster & Sohn (Zittau) in the niche of the west wall. In the new building, Schuster integrated 50 of the 55 stops of the predecessor organ, which the organ builders Johann Gotthold Jehmlich and Carl Stöckel (Dresden) had created between 1837 and 1843. For the voicer, the difficult task arose in 1930 of creating a uniform sound pattern from the heterogeneous and subsequently revised neo-baroque pipework. In addition to the 17 additional eight-foot registers and additions from the late Romantic register repertoire, there were some neo-baroque reeds . The monumental instrument has remained largely unchanged and is of European importance. The instrument has a free pipe prospect with five towers, the prospect pipes are covered with aluminum bronze . The organ has 86 registers and an effect register on three manuals and pedal and electro-pneumatic pocket drawers . In the gaming table , a further expansion to 100 registers and three effect register is prepared. Special features are the horseshoe-shaped "Horseshoe" console modeled on American cinema organs and the inclusion of percussion registers ("harp", bells). From 2011 to 2013 the instrument was restored by the organ building company Jehmlich; In the course of this, the console was rotated 180 degrees and the sound of the instrument was restored to its 1930 state. With a few exceptions, the register rows of Manuals II and III are expanded by an octave (up to c 5 ).

I main work C – c 4
01. Principal 16 ′
02. Drone 16 ′
03. Principal 08th'
04th Gamba 08th'
05. Hollow flute 08th'
06th Gemshorn 08th'
07th Reed flute 08th'
08th. Dolce 08th'
09. octave 04 ′
10. violin 04 ′
11. Solo flute 04 ′
12. Dumped 04 ′ v
13. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
14th octave 02 ′
15th Forest flute 02 ′ v
16. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
17th Mixture V 02 ′
18th Zimbel III 01'
19th Cornett V (from c 1 ) 08th'
20th Trumpet 16 ′
21st Trumpet 08th'
22nd oboe 08th'
23. Krummhorn 08th'
24. Clarine 04 ′
II Manuals C – c 4 (-c 5 )
25th Quintatön 16 ′
26th Lovely Gedackt 16 ′
27. Principal 08th'
28. Salizional 08th'
29 Concert flute 08th'
30th Schwiegel 08th'
31. Dumped 08th'
32. Soft flute 08th'
33. octave 04 ′
34. Gemshorn 04 ′
35. Reed flute 04 ′
36. Dolce 04 ′ v
37. Nasard 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
38. octave 02 ′
39. Piccolo 02 ′ v
40. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
41. Flageolet 01'
42. Cornett V (from g 0 ) 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
43. Mixture IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
44. Bombard 16 ′ v
45. tuba 08th'
46. English horn 08th'
47. Vox humana 08th' N
48. Trumpet 08th' v
Tremulant

49. Church bells (from G) 08th' v
50. Orchestra bells (from C) 04 ′ v
III Swell C – c 4 (-c 5 )
51. Gamba 16 ′
52. Reed flute 16 ′
53. Violin principal 08th'
54. viola 08th'
55. Pointed flute 08th'
56. Quintatön 08th'
57. Lovely Gedackt 08th'
58. Aeoline 08th'
59. Vox coelestis 08th'
60. Principal 04 ′
61. Fugara 04 ′
62. Night horn 04 ′ v
63. Soft flute 04 ′
64. Pointed fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
65. octave 02 ′
66. Bell tone 02 ′
67. third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
68. Sif flute 01'
69. Mixture III 01'
70. Sharp IV 0 v
71. bassoon 16 ′
72. Trumpet 08th'
73. Clarinet 08th'
74. Rankett 08th' N
75. Sing. Shelf 04 ′
76. Harp (from G) 04 ′ N
Tremulant
Pedals C – g 1
Main pedal
77. Principal 32 ′
78. Pedestal 32 ′
79. Principal 16 ′
80. octave 08th'
81. Fifth 05 1 ⁄ 3  ′
82. octave 04 ′
83. third 03 1 ⁄ 5  ′ v
84. octave 02 ′
85. Chorale flute 01' v
86. Cornett V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
87. trombone 32 ′
88 trombone 16 ′
89. Trumpet 08th'
90. Clarine 04 ′
91. zinc 04 ′ v

Expression pedal
92. Violon 16 ′
93. Sub bass 16 ′
94. Lovely thought 16 ′ v
95. Dolce 16 ′
96. Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
97. violoncello 08th'
98 Quintatön 08th'
99 Bass flute 08th'
100. viola 04 ′
101. Bombard 32 ′ v
102. Dulcian 08th' v
103. bassoon 08th'
  • Couple
    • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II
    • Super octave coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Playing aids: 100,000 combinations, data backup via USB, crescendo 1-4, coupling servant, interval coupling, transposer, recorder, tongue holder
  • Remarks
v = still vacant register
N = register supplemented in 2013

Peal

Since September 30, 2018, the bell has again consisted of four bronze bells, the bell cage is made of oak, the yokes are made of cast iron, cranked.

No. Casting date Caster diameter Dimensions Chime
1 2018 A. Bachert bell foundry 1722 mm 3212 kg H
2 1842 Bell foundry S. Schöttel 1376 mm 1322 kg d ′
3 1951 Bell foundry S. Schilling 1216 mm 1055 kg e ′
4th 1740 Bell foundry B. Körner 1100 mm 660 kg f sharp ′

Music directors

The organists of the Johanniskirche were always music directors (Directores musices) of the city of Zittau. They included:

  • Johann Nesen, 1453 "organ master"
  • Joachim Pomeranns, 1567
  • Michael Joseph, 1576, died 1599
  • Lorenz Sternberger, 1600
  • Christoph Schreiber, 1634
  • Andreas Hammerschmidt , 1639
  • Moritz Edelmann, 1676 († 1680)
  • Johann Krieger , 1682
  • Carl Hartwig, 1735 (student of JS Bach)
  • Gottlieb Krause, 1748
  • Johann Trier , 1753
  • Johann Gottlieb Unger, 1789
  • Benjamin Gottlieb Rösler , Theol. Cult. 1820
  • Franz Karl Theodor Sturm, Theol. Cult. 1834

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lookout tower on the website of the parish
  2. ↑ Information on the organ and the disposition accessed on August 29, 2013.
  3. ↑ For the current disposition on the website of the organ building company
  4. ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 373
  5. ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 373
  6. ^ Christian Adolph Pescheck: Handbook of the history of Zittau. Volume 2, p. 764.

Web links

Commons : Johanniskirche  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 53 ′ 48.4 "  N , 14 ° 48 ′ 23.5"  E