Répertoire International des Sources Musicales

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Répertoire International des Sources Musicales
(RISM)
logo
founding 1952 in Paris
Seat Zentralredaktion, Frankfurt am Main
motto Know what is there and where it is kept
main emphasis Documentation of historical music sources
Action space Worldwide
Chair Klaus Keil, head of the central editorial office; Harald Heckmann , Christoph Wolff , Honorary President
Employees 8 employees in the central editorial office
Website www.rism.info

The Répertoire International des Sources Musicales (abbreviation RISM , German  Internationales Quellenlexikon der Musik , English International Inventory of Musical Sources ) is a transnational and non-profit organization founded in 1952 in Paris with the aim of comprehensively documenting the sources on music that have been handed down around the world. The organization is the largest and only global company for the documentation of written musical sources.

The recorded musical sources are handwritten or printed notes, writings about music and text books . They are kept in libraries , archives , church archives, schools and private collections . RISM shows what is there and where it is kept. In the professional world, RISM is recognized worldwide as the central reference point for sources of music.

By cataloging them in a comprehensive lexicon , the musical traditions are protected from loss on the one hand and made accessible to musicology and performing musicians on the other .

organization

Example of an autograph musical manuscript: Johann Sebastian Bach: Sonata for solo violin, BWV 1001; Berlin State Library (RISM ID no. 467096700 [1] )

One or more national RISM working groups are involved in this project in more than 35 countries. Around 100 employees record and describe the musical sources that are stored in their countries. You use the central database of the RISM central editorial office in Frankfurt am Main .

Musical sources in RISM publications and members of the active RISM working groups include the following countries:

The RISM central editorial office and the working group of the Federal Republic of Germany are a project of the Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz . The other working groups are financially supported in the respective countries.

Publications

The main publication of the RISM is the RISM catalog, a freely accessible online database with descriptions of music sources from around the world. The RISM series, which were mostly published as books, divide the sources into different groups.

Online catalog

The RISM database has been offered as a free online catalog since June 2010. The catalog was made possible by a cooperation between the RISM, the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin .

Most of the music sources described in the catalog are music manuscripts (1,009,000 as of July 2019), but there are also a considerable number of printed sheet music (179,000) and smaller quantities of libretti (735) and theoretical treatises (122). The music manuscripts focus on material dating from between 1600 and 1850, although the catalog includes both newer and older manuscripts. When it comes to sheet music printing, the emphasis is on sheet music that was printed before 1900. In the catalog you will find the works of more than 37,000 composers, which are stored in over 900 libraries .

Francesca Caccini : Primo Libro delle Musiche (Florence, 1618). RISM ID no .: 990007800 [2]

The catalog entries describe each work in detail according to a uniform scheme with more than 100 fields. The information includes a. Information on the composers (with dates of their lives), title and scoring of the compositions with evidence of their listing in the specialist literature .

The manuscripts themselves are described in detail with a view to their writer , origin and time of creation. In addition, almost every work is supported by music incipits , i. H. the beginning of the most important parts in notation, clearly identifiable.

Various search fields allow you to search not only for certain composers, work titles or musical line-ups, but also for the origin and the time of creation of the manuscripts or for other people such as lyricists , previous owners and dedicators.

Specific questions are answered through the targeted linking of the indices. For example, all of the references to the Mass compositions by Joseph Haydn recorded by RISM can be identified immediately, as can the autograph manuscripts by Clara Schumann .

When identifying an anonymous work, the search for music incipits is a promising research option. To do this, the user enters the starting notes of the composition at hand using the computer keyboard.

The database not only provides information about the distribution of the works of composers who are still known today, but also provides a wealth of information about the many musicians who were valued in their time, but now little known or forgotten. The database is therefore an invaluable instrument for the history of music and also enables numerous “excavations” and rediscoveries in musical practice.

The data in the online catalog is available under the Creative Commons license as Linked Data and Linked Open Data for use in other library catalogs, digital humanities projects or research projects.

RISM series

In the early years of the RISM project, a number of publications were conceived to organize the work of RISM and to focus on specific repertories, most of which were published in book form. In recent years, much but not all of the information from the RISM series has been added to the online catalog.

The RISM series are:

  • Series A: Music manuscripts and printed music in alphabetical order according to the composer's name
  • Series B: Source repertories according to specific thematic focuses
  • Series C: Music Library Directory

RISM Series A / I - sheet music prints

The RISM Series A / I individual prints before 1800 contains individual prints, i.e. sheet music prints with works by a single composer from the period from approx. 1500 to 1800. Collective prints (sheet music prints with works by different composers) were published in the RISM series B.

The nine volumes of the series (1971 to 1981) contain over 78,000 printed music by 7,616 composers from 2,178 libraries . Four supplement volumes were published between 1986 and 1999, followed by an index volume in 2003 with publishers , printers, engravers and places of publication. All volumes of the RISM Series A / I have been published by Bärenreiter-Verlag Kassel. At the end of 2012, a CD-ROM of the A / I series was published by Bärenreiter Verlag. In 2015, the data was completely transferred to the freely accessible online catalog.

RISM Serie A / II - music manuscripts

The RISM Series A / II music manuscripts after 1600 only lists handwritten notes. The project was conceived from the beginning as an electronic publication and was published as microfiche and CD-ROM. The CD-ROM version of the cumulative database, which was produced and published by KG Saur in Munich, was discontinued in 2008. The subscription database hosted by EBSCO - (formerly NISC) - is still available. The entire A / II series is included in the online catalog.

RISM series B

The RISM Series B forms a systematic series that documents closed source groups. To date, the following volumes have been published by G. Henle Verlag , Munich (the foreign-language titles may be translated into German in brackets):

  • B / I and B / II: Recueils imprimés XVIe – XVIIIe siècles. (2 volumes) ( printed collections from the 16th and 17th centuries and printed collections from the 18th century ). The part from B / I, which covers the years 1500–1550 and 1600–1610, is included in the online catalog.
  • B / III: The Theory of Music from the Carolingian Era up to c. 1500. Descriptive Catalog of Manuscripts (6 volumes). ( The music theory of the Carolingian era up to around 1500. Descriptive catalog of the manuscripts )
  • B / IV: Manuscripts with polyphonic music from the 11th to 16th centuries (5 volumes, 1 supplement).
  • B / V: Tropical and Sequence Manuscripts
  • B / VI: Écrits imprimés concernant la musique (2 volumes) ( books and printed works on music )
  • B / VII: Handwritten lute and guitar tablatures from the 15th to 18th centuries, ed. by Wolfgang Boetticher
  • B / VIII: The German church song (2 volumes, Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag).
  • B / IX: Hebrew Sources (2 volumes) ( Hebrew sources )
  • B / X: The Theory of Music in Arabic Writings c. 900–1900 (2 volumes) ( The music theory in Arabic writings from around 900–1900 )
  • B / XI: Ancient Greek Music Theory. A Catalog Raisonné of Manuscripts ( Ancient Greek music theory . An annotated list of manuscripts )
  • B / XII: Manuscrits persans concernant la musique. ( Persian manuscripts on music )
  • B / XIII: Hymnologica Slavica. Hymnologica Bohemica, Slavica (HBS), Polonica (HP), Sorabica (HS). Printed music from the 16th to 18th centuries
  • B / XIV: Les manuscrits du processionnal (2 volumes) ( The manuscripts of the processionale )
  • B / XV: Multi-part masses in sources from Spain , Portugal and Latin America , approx. 1490–1630.
  • B / XVI: Catalog raisonné of the Balinese Palm-Leaf Manuscripts with Music Notation
  • B / XVII: The Trio Sonata: Catalog Raisonné of the printed sources

RISM series C

The RISM Series C lists all music libraries , archives and private collections that store historical material in five volumes under the title Directory of music research libraries . Each institution described in Series C has a library tag: an abbreviation used to identify the institution in which musical sources are located. The seal consists of capital letters for the country, a hyphen, capital letters for the city and lower case letters for the name of the institution. For example, “I-MOe” = “Italy- Modena , Biblioteca Estense Universitaria ”.

The special volume RISM-Bibliothekssigel , published in 1999 . A regularly updated version of the complete directory has been available on the RISM website since 2006.

Users of the RISM publications

  • Musicologists who are looking for sources on their research topic, for example to create catalogs of works and editions of the musical texts;
  • Musicians looking for lesser-known works for a concert program;
  • Librarians who research parallel sources on the holdings of their own library;
  • Students who need to consult primary sources for a coursework or term paper;
  • Antique music stores looking up other copies of the printed music they sell.

See also

literature

  • Barry S. Brook, Richard J. Viano: The Thematic Catalog in Music. Further Reflections on its Past, Present and Future . In: Richard D. Green (Ed.): Foundations in Music Bibliography . Haworth Press, New York 1993, ISBN 1-56024-512-3 , pp. 27-46 .
  • Martina Falletta, Renate Hüsken, Klaus Keil (eds.): RISM. Scientific and technical challenge of music historical source research in an international context. Academic and Technical Challenges of Musicological Source Research in an International Framework (=  Studies and Materials on Musicology . Volume 58 ). Olms, Hildesheim u. a. 2010, ISBN 978-3-487-14431-3 .
  • Harald Heckmann: The “Répertoire International des Sources Musicales (RISM)” in the past, present and future . In: Helmut Knüppel u. a. (Ed.): Ways and Traces. Links between education, science, culture, history and politics . Festschrift for Joachim-Felix Leonhard (=  series of publications by the Wilhelm Fraenger Institute Potsdam . Volume 10 ). Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86650-001-3 , p. 597-605 .
  • Joachim Jaenecke: RISM. A treasure trove for music prints from Germany that were believed to be lost . In: Paul Mai (Ed.): In the service of sources for music . Festschrift Getraut Haberkamp for his 65th birthday. Schneider, Tutzing 2002, ISBN 3-7952-1069-0 .
  • Klaus Keil: Répertoire International des Sources Musicales (RISM) . Report 2010. In: Acta Musicologica . tape 83 . Bärenreiter, 2011, ISSN  0001-6241 , p. 161–167 ( rism.info ( memento of December 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive )).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Association "Internationales Quellenlexikon der Musik". In: rism.info, accessed October 22, 2019.
  2. ↑ RISM Zentralredaktion. In: rism.info, accessed October 21, 2019.
  3. ^ Rita Benton, Jennifer Ward:  Répertoire International des Sources Musicales. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
  4. ^ Association Internationale des Bibliothèques, Archives et Centers de Documentation Musicaux (AIBM): Joint projects and supported publications ( Memento of March 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ Répertoire International des Sources Musicales (RISM), Zentralredaktion Frankfurt. In: adwmainz.de. Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz, accessed on October 22, 2019. - RISM Working Group Germany.
  6. ↑ For a detailed list of publications, see Musicological Editions - List of publications - Status: 2016. RISM. (PDF; 142 kB) In: adwmainz.de, accessed on September 1, 2019.
  7. ↑ Klaus Keil, Jennifer A. Ward: Applications of RISM data in digital libraries and digital musicology . In: International Journal on Digital Libraries . 20, No. 1, March 2019, pp. 5-7, 10-11. doi : 10.1007 / s00799-016-0205-3 .
  8. ↑ a b Music prints (A / I and B / I) now also in the RISM online catalog.
  9. ↑ See: RISM library sigla and information on the RISM library sigla.
  10. ↑ "Without seeing the original, only from the description of a source in the RISM, experts can get an idea of ​​whether and how this will continue to answer their question." Hildegard Herrmann-Schneider: A jewel in the treasury region of Salzburg. The music archive of the Franciscan monastery in Salzburg. In: Tauriska. Magazine for the Treasury of the State of Salzburg in the Salzburger Nachrichten. 21/22. June 2008, ZDB -ID 2302630-3 , p. 27.