1694

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1694
Lothar Franz von Schönborn becomes Archbishop and Elector of Mainz .	August the Strong becomes Elector of Saxony .
The Sussex and six other English warships sink off Gibraltar.
1694 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1142/43 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1686/87 (turn of the year 10/11 September)
Bengali solar calendar	1099/1100 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2237/38 (southern Buddhism); 2236/37 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	73rd (74th) cycle Year of the Wood Dog甲戌 ( at the beginning of the year water tap 癸酉)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1056/57 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4027/28 (October 2-3)
Iranian calendar	1072/73
Islamic calendar	1105/06 (turn of the year 21/22 August)
Jewish calendar	5454/55 (September 19-20)
Coptic calendar	1410/11 (September 10/11)
Malayalam calendar	869/870
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2004/05 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2005/06 (New Year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1750/51 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

War of the Palatinate Succession

• May 27 : In the Battle of Torroella on the banks of the Ter near the city of Girona in Catalonia , the French expeditionary corps under the command of Anne-Jules de Noailles defeated Spanish troops under Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco in the Palatinate War of Succession .
• June 18th : Battle of Camaret
• June 29th : Battle of Texel

• The city of Dieppe is completely destroyed by the bombardment of a Dutch-English fleet under Admiral John Berkeley , who wants to destroy the positions of the French corsairs operating in the English Channel .

Holy Roman Empire

• April 27th : After almost three years in government, Elector Johann Georg IV of Saxony dies . His brother Augustus the Strong becomes the new elector.

Philipp Christoph von Königsmarck

• July 12th : The Hanoverian officer and court cavalier Philipp Christoph von Königsmarck disappears mysteriously at the court of Hanover. He was probably murdered.
• Christian II , second Duke of the Saxon Merseburg secondary school , dies on October 20 at the age of only 40 . His underage son Christian III will be his successor . Moritz , who is under the reign of his uncle Augustus the Strong of Saxony. The actual guardianship is exercised by his mother Erdmuthe Dorothea . When the young duke died on November 14th , his younger brother Moritz Wilhelm ascended the Merseburg throne under the same guardianship requirements.

• Lothar Franz von Schönborn becomes Archbishop of Mainz and thus elector at the same time.

Great Turkish War

• June: In the battle near Hodów in what is now Ukraine during the Great Turkish War , Poland-Lithuania triumphs over Crimean Tatar troops .

Other events in Europe

• December 28th : With the death of 32-year-old Queen Maria II , her husband William of Orange becomes sole ruler of England , Scotland and Ireland .

• The Triennial Act limits the term of office of the English Parliament to three years.

Asia

• July 29th : After the death of Safi II , his son Sultan Hosein becomes Shah of the Safavids in Persia.

economy

• July 27 : The Bank of England is founded in London on the proposal of William Paterson with the participation of Treasury Secretary Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax .

science and technology

• Elector Friedrich III. , later the Prussian King Friedrich I, founds a university in Halle , for which the name Academia Fridericiana became naturalized. The university, a center of the early Enlightenment , soon developed into a reform university and one of the most visited universities in Germany.

Culture

• January 25th : The world premiere of the opera Xerse by Giovanni Battista Bononcini takes place in Tordinona in Rome.
• October 12 : The foundation stone for a new Zurich town hall in the Limmat is laid.

• In the game book De ludis orientalibus , Thomas Hyde mentions the parlor game Pachisi for the first time .

Disasters

• March 1 : In a severe storm off Gibraltar, seven English warships of a naval formation under Rear Admiral Sir Francis Wheeler , including the flagship Sussex (80 cannons), which is believed to be carrying a secret cargo of ten tons of gold or 100 tons of silver, and two other ships of the line ( Cambridge , 70 cannons, and Lumley Castle , 56 cannons). Rear Admiral Wheeler is one of the 823 victims of the disaster.

Historical maps and views

Venice, Rialto Bridge 1694

Born

First half of the year

• 0February 4 : Georg Gottlob Richter , German medic († 1773 )
• February 24 : Bartolomeo Altomonte , Polish-Austrian painter († 1783 )
• February 26 : Karl Gottlob Sperbach , German philologist († 1772 )

• 0March 6 : Antal Grassalkovich I , Hungarian Count and President of the Hungarian Court Chamber († 1771 )

• April 25 : Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington , British nobleman, architect and garden designer († 1753 )

• May 11 : Hieronymus Florentinus Quehl , German composer and organist († 1739 )
• May 14 : Engelbert von Syrgenstein , prince abbot of Kempten († 1760 )
• May 22nd : Daniel Gran , Austrian baroque painter († 1757 )

• 0June 4 : François Quesnay , French doctor and economist († 1774 )
• June 27th : Johann Hildebrand Withof , professor of eloquence and history in Duisburg († 1769 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 4th : Louis-Claude Daquin , French composer († 1772 )
• July 11 : Charles-Antoine Coypel , French history painter and playwright († 1752 )
• July 15 : Johann Friedrich Nolte , German educator and philologist († 1754 )
• July 20 : Christian Gottlieb Jöcher , German historian, librarian and lexicographer († 1758 )

• 0August 8 : Francis Hutcheson , Irish philosopher and economist († 1746 )
• August 20 : Johann Georg Geret , German Protestant theologian and educator († 1761 )
• August 25 : Theodor von Neuhoff , German adventurer and the first and only king of Corsica († 1756 )

• 0September 5 : František Vaclav Míča , Czech composer († 1744 )

• October 18 : René Louis d'Argenson , French nobleman and minister († 1757 )
• October 26 : Johan Helmich Roman , Swedish composer († 1758 )

• 0November 2 : Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach , Hereditary Prince of Sulzbach and the Electoral Palatinate († 1729 )

Voltaire , portrait by Nicolas de Largillière

• November 21 : François Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire , French writer and Enlightenment philosopher († 1778 )
• November 23 : Georg Litzel , German pastor, professor in Jena, hymn researcher and language scholar († 1761 )
• November 29 : Leopold , Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, sponsor of Johann Sebastian Bach († 1728 )

• December 22nd : Hermann Samuel Reimarus , high school professor and pioneer of academic biblical criticism († 1768 )
• December 24th : Christfried Kirch , German astronomer and calendar maker († 1740 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Wulff von Ahlefeldt , lord of the Deutsch-Lindau estate
• Charlotte Aïssé , French writer († 1733 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0January 6th : Francesco Morosini , 108th Doge of Venice (* 1618 )
• January 17th : Père Anselme de la Vierge Marie , French historian, genealogist and heraldist (* 1625 )

• 0February 4 : Natalja Kirillowna Naryschkina , Tatar nobleman, second wife of Tsar Alexei I of Russia (* 1651 )
• February 17th : Antoinette Deshoulières , French poet and philosopher (* 1638 )
• 0March 5 : Vittoria della Rovere , Grand Duchess of Tuscany (* 1622 )
• March 11th : Jean-Nicolas Geoffroy , French harpsichordist, organist and composer (* 1633 )

• 0April 4 : Magdalena Sibylla von Neitschütz , mistress of the Saxon Elector Johann Georg IV., Countess of Rochlitz (* 1675 )
• April 10 : Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg , German Protestant mystic and spiritual poet (* 1633 )
• April 27 : Johann Georg IV. , Elector of Saxony from the Albertine line of the House of Wettin (* 1668 )

• 0May 4th : Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg , Bishop of Worms (* 1660 )
• May 11 : Elisabeth Lemmerhirt , mother of Johann Sebastian Bach (* 1644 )
• May 15 : Jacob Beutel , Kreuzkantor from 1654 to 1694 (* 1624 )
• May 17 : Johann Michael Bach , German composer (* 1648 )
• May 24th : Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland , British politician (* 1656 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 5th : Sebastian Achamer , Austrian organ builder (* 1623 )
• July 11th : Philipp Christoph von Königsmarck , Hanoverian officer and court cavalier (* 1665 )
• July 29th : Safi II , Shah of Persia (* 1647 )

• 0August 5th : Hans von Assig , German poet lawyer (* 1650 )
• 0August 7th : August Friedrich Mockel , Mayor of Heilbronn (* 1628 )
• 0August 8th : Antoine Arnauld , French philosopher, linguist, theologian, logician and mathematician (* 1612 )
• August 13 : Christian Donati , German logician (* 1640 )
• August 22 : Maria Sofia De la Gardie , Swedish countess, lady-in-waiting, banker and entrepreneur (* 1627 )
• August 28 : Georg Heß , German educator (* 1613 )

Marcello Malpighi

• October 13 : Johann Christoph Pezel , German town piper and composer (* 1639 )
• October 20 : Christian II , Duke of Saxony-Merseburg (* 1653 )
• October 26 : Samuel von Pufendorf , German natural law philosopher and historian (* 1632 )

• November 14th : Christian III. Moritz , Duke of Saxony-Merseburg (* 1680 )
• November 28th : Matsuo Bashō , Japanese poet, is considered the outstanding writer and founder of Japanese haiku (* 1644 )
• November 29th : Marcello Malpighi , Italian anatomist and physiologist (* 1628 )

• 0December 2 : Pierre Puget , French painter and sculptor (* 1620 )
• December 11th : Ranuccio II. Farnese , son of Duke Odoardo I Farnese of Parma and Piacenza (* 1630 )
• December 28 : Mary II , Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (* 1662 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Charles Beaubrun , French painter (* 1604 )
• Niyazi Misri , Islamic mystic (* 1617 or 1618 )
• Henry Neville , English author and satirist (* 1620 )

Web links

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