Antal Grassalkovich I.

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Anton Graf Grassalkowich (1694–1771)

Anton Graf Grassalkowich ( Hungarian Antal Grassalkovich I. , Croatian Antun I. Grašalković , Slovak Anton I. Grasalkovič ; born March 6, 1694 in Ürmény , Slovakia ; † December 1, 1771 in Gödöllő , Hungary ) was an imperial-royal real privy councilor , royal Hungarian court chamber president , senior clan of Eisenburg county and important lawyer .

origin

Distribution of nationalities in Austria-Hungary, 1911

The Grassalkovich family (pronounced: Graschalkowitsch) is a family from Croatia, from which Michael Graschiakowith and his cousin from Emperor Rudolf II (HRR) received a renewed coat of arms on September 20, 1584 , which was made for Matthias Graschakovith († 1628 in Ödenburg, now Sopron and married to Ursula, daughter of Valentin Kurdacs de Sagh and the Euphrosine Bodor de Bator-Kesci († 1643)). His son Anton (Antal II.) Was raised to the constitutional Bohemian princehood in Vienna on May 6, 1784, because Emperor Joseph II did not have himself crowned king in Hungary and, as an uncrowned king, according to the local constitution, no so-called crown rights, why who counted noblemen or class surveys.

Anton (Antal I.) Grassalkovich is said to come from a poor Slovak family of the lower nobility from Beckov , according to an unknown source . The name of his father Johannes (married to Susanna Egresdy, daughter of Johann Egrasdy and Judith Tuchinsky) is known as "Krassalkovych" or as János Grassalkovich († 1716 in Ürmeny) u. occupied. His grandfather Stephan called Horvath (= "the Croatian") Grassalkovich († 1680 in Beczko, today Beckov in Trenčín County , married to Elisabeth Raymann, daughter of Paul Raymannos and Dorothea Racsay) proves the family's origin from Croatia . The ending of the name Grassalkovich is South Slavic (Croatian), which is why the genealogist Roman von Procházka in his line of "Grassalkovich von Gyarak" indicates that the family is of Croatian descent. An etymological question that is difficult to solve, as it leads to the settlement and social area of ​​the military borders during the Turkish wars on the Croatian military border .

Life

Before the marriage with the daughter of the higher administrator Adam Lang, Anton (Antal I.) Grassalkovics was appointed royal prosecutor (Causarum Regalium Director) in 1720 and advocate general (Personalis) in 1731 . On May 26, 1732 he was appointed baron . He gave up the office of General Advocate when he succeeded Count Erdődy as President of the Hungarian Court Chamber in 1748 ; a position he held until his death. On April 5, 1743 he was raised to the rank of count with the predicate of Gyarak , a property in southwestern Slovakia, today's place Kmeťovo.

The Grassalkovich era was characterized by the systematic efforts of the court chamber to organize the immigration of people willing to settle beyond the western borders of the Holy Roman Empire to colonize large parts of what was then Hungary. In this context, Grassalkovich acquired extensive land in the Pest district and, in realizing these plans, rose from humble beginnings to become one of the richest men in Hungary. In 1787 the Grassalkovich family was one of the most important owners of manors and their income from farmers and residents.

Together with the Viennese camera advisor Baron von Cothmann, Grassalkovich influenced the views of the Viennese court in favor of the Catholic- Magyar landowners in the Batschka ; Cothmann with the advocacy of the reduction of livestock farming in favor of the cultivation of grain and the lucrative hemp cultivation , which the settlers brought in their luggage as "Badischer Schleisshanf". In the second half of the 18th century, Grassalkovich shaped the settlement and colonization policy of the Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa , who was also Queen of Hungary , to a large extent . Although he did not always follow the official line, his considerable successes in colonizing the Banat and all of Hungary enabled him to use his own, often unconventional, methods.

Not everyone at court was suited to him; For example, the President of the Deputation, Count Leopold Kolowrat, demanded that the Empress use military force against Grassalkovich when he recruited 159 settlers from a group of 900 on the Danube in Pest through one of his locators . The colonists came from the Ulm , Trier , Mainz and Lorraine areas . Grassalkovich thus saved the cost of the financial part of the locators, the transport and food for these colonists on the arduous journey to Hungary . He took hold of her, so to speak, just before a place he liked. Since colonization by settlers in Hungary was making good progress, Grassalkovich received the pardon, possibly even the approval of Empress Maria Theresa.

Grassalkovich acquired large estates, mainly near Pest, now a district of Budapest ; so also in Gödöllö, whose development as a market place he promoted and where he had the Gödöllö Castle built, which was famous in the history of the Habsburgs .

Grassalkovich Palace in Bratislava

Grassalkovich Palace, today's Presidential Palace

The Grassalkovich Palace (in Slovak : Grasalkovičov palác ) in Bratislava , then Pressburg, today also known as the Presidential Palace ( Prezidentský palác ), was built in 1760 as an impressive Rococo / late Baroque summer palace with a French garden by Andreas Mayerhoffer for Grassalkovich. The palace follows the model of the palace in Gödöllő , which was also built for Grassalkovich . The building includes many ornate rooms, especially the Spanish hall and the magnificent staircase, richly decorated with sculptures. The stairs are made of the hard white Kaiserstein from Kaisersteinbruch in Burgenland.

After its completion, the building was the center of baroque music in the city. Count Grassalkovich had his own orchestra, and his close relative Nikolaus I. Joseph Prince Esterházy , who was living at the same time, often left him with his conductor Joseph Haydn , who premiered some of his works here. Numerous balls and festivities for the imperial court were held in the palace.

In the building, north of the old town and near the Archbishop's Summer Palace , is now the seat of the President of Slovakia .

See also: Palais Grassalkovics in Vienna- Leopoldstadt

family

Spouse

  • Count Anton Grassalkowich was married to Elisabeth Lang († 1727, daughter of Adam Lang) in his first marriage in 1722
  • second marriage to Christine Freiin Klobusiczky von Zeteny, daughter of Stephan Freiherr Klobusiczky de Zeteny and Klara Kapy de Kapyvar
  • in third marriage with Theresia Freiin Klobusiczky de Zeteny, sister of the second wife

progeny

Anton (Antal I.) Count Grassalkowich de Gyarak had five children from his three marriages:

  1. Franziska (born November 10, 1732; ⚭ Johann Count Draskovich von Trakostyan, Count von Luettenberg, Baron of Drakostain)
  2. Anton (Antal II.) Prince Grassalkowics de Gyarak (dd1784); (* August 24, 1734; † June 5, 1794); Kk Privy Councilor and Chamberlain, Head of Bodrog County; ⚭ 1758 Anna Maria Countess Esterhazy von Galantha (* February 27, 1739; † April 25, 1820; from the second count's line of Csesznek. - Bohemian Inkolat Vienna March 19, 1633). There were four children from this marriage:
    1. Anna Maria (* 1760); ⚭ 1775 Count Michael Vicnay de Lobs et Hedervar
    2. Ottilia (born August 18, 1764, † 1810 in Gacs); Kk Star Cross Order Lady ; ⚭ October 15, 1779 Anton Graf Forgach von Ghymes and Gacs, Kk Chamberlain and Rittmeister
    3. Elisabeth; ⚭ Count Franz Esterhazy of Galantha on Cseklesz
    4. Anton (Antal III.) Prince Grassalkovich von Gyarak (* April 12, 1771, † as the last bearer of the name on September 29, 1841); Kk Privy Councilor and Chamberlain, Head of Csongrád County; ⚭ December 20, 1864 Maria Leopoldine Countess Esterhazy von Galantha (born November 15, 1776; † December 20, 1864; Kk Sternkreuzordensdame , daughter of Prince Paul Anton Esterhazy von Galantha, prince count of precious places ( Edelstetten ) and hereditary count of Forchtenstein (Bohemian Prince (primogen.) Vienna July 1, 1795))
  3. Anna Maria (born September 17, 1736); ⚭ Gabriel Graf Haller von Hallerstein
  4. Ignaz (September 17, 1737 - October 6, 1738)
  5. Therese Ilona (born August 13, 1738); ⚭ Johannes Graf Forgach von Gymes and Gacs († 1774)

See also

literature

  • Franz Karl Wißgrill : scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility in the lordship and knighthood from the XIth century to the present day, Volume III, pp. 378-380.
  • Court and State Schematism, Vienna 1791.
  • House-. Court and State Handbook, Vienna 1835.
  • Family register of the flourishing and dead nobility in Germany, Volume II, Regensburg 1863, p. 57.
  • Ottuv slovnik naucny (Czech National Encyclopedia of Knowledge), Volume X, Prague 1896, p. 434.
  • I. Nagy : Magyar orszak csaladai, Budapest 1857.
  • Gothaischer Hofkalender 1806–1857, especially 1836, p. 107.
  • Claudia Schnurmann , Hartmut Lehmann, Hermann Wellenreuther: Atlantic Understandings: Essays on European and American History in Honor of Hermann Wellenreuther . LIT, Berlin a. a. 2006, ISBN 3-8258-9607-2 .

Web links

Commons : Antal I Grassalkovich  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bohemian Landtafel hall books, tape CCL, p 20-34.
  2. ^ A b novel by Procházka : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 , p. 100 f. (Grassalkovich von Gyarak family, with a description of the coat of arms)
  3. ↑ ep.edu.sk  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , epa.oszk.hu (PDF; 5.1 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / ep.edu.sk  
  4. ↑ Glacesa: Agrarna Reforma u Backoj. P. 14.
  5. ↑ Vladimir R Djurić, Najnovije Bačka: Kolonistina iz Hrvatske. Bačka Gračac, Kljajćevo, Complja, Stanić, Ridica, Novi Sad 1960.
personal data
SURNAME Grassalkovich, Antal I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Grašalković, Antun I .; Grasalkovič, Anton I.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian Count and President of the Hungarian Court Chamber
DATE OF BIRTH March 6, 1694
PLACE OF BIRTH Ürmény
DATE OF DEATH December 1, 1771
Place of death Gödöllő